Complexity across scales in the work of Le Corbusier, Using box-counting as a method for analysing facades

This chapter discusses the movie palace’s decline and the beginnings of the neutralized movie theater from the 1920s to 1932. While much scholarship has attributed the transition to either economics after the Depression or the emergence of sound, the chapter argues for the importance of modernist architectural trends, such as the work of Le Corbusier, and new dimensions of spectatorship invested in attention. Modern machine culture reinforced the need for a theater structure that would make spectators into parts of a filmic assembly line. Ben Schlanger emerges as the loudest voice of neutralization, demanding a “slaughtering” of unnecessary decoration in the urban movie theater. His and multiple lighting designers’ work with light and darkness in the theater exemplify the upheavals in 1920s–1930s exhibition: from a theater with a panoply of effects to one centered on the dramatic play of light and dark within the film and its environment.

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Supramolecular Fractal Growth of Self-Assembled Fibrillar Networks

Gels ◽

10.3390/gels7020046 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 46

Author(s):

Pedram Nasr ◽

Hannah Leung ◽

France-Isabelle Auzanneau ◽

Michael A. Rogers

Keyword(s):

Fractal Dimension ◽

Crystallization Temperature ◽

Cayley Tree ◽

Fractal Dimensions ◽

Self Similarity ◽

Avrami Model ◽

Cluster Aggregation ◽

Box Counting ◽

Self Assembled ◽

Limited Diffusion

Complex morphologies, as is the case in self-assembled fibrillar networks (SAFiNs) of 1,3:2,4-Dibenzylidene sorbitol (DBS), are often characterized by their Fractal dimension and not Euclidean. Self-similarity presents for DBS-polyethylene glycol (PEG) SAFiNs in the Cayley Tree branching pattern, similar box-counting fractal dimensions across length scales, and fractals derived from the Avrami model. Irrespective of the crystallization temperature, fractal values corresponded to limited diffusion aggregation and not ballistic particle–cluster aggregation. Additionally, the fractal dimension of the SAFiN was affected more by changes in solvent viscosity (e.g., PEG200 compared to PEG600) than crystallization temperature. Most surprising was the evidence of Cayley branching not only for the radial fibers within the spherulitic but also on the fiber surfaces.

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