scholarly journals Acceptability, benefit and costs of early screening for hearing disability: a study of potential screening tests and models

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (42) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Davis ◽  
P Smith ◽  
M Ferguson ◽  
D Stephens ◽  
I Gianopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Screening Tests ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Hearing Disability ◽  
Benefit And Costs

scholarly journals A Model-Based Meta-Analysis of Willingness to Participate in Cancer Screening

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2580
Author(s):  
Guangchao Charles Feng ◽  
Zhiliang Lin ◽  
Wanhua Ou ◽  
Xianglin Su ◽  
Qing Yan
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
The Public ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Belief Model

Although early screening tests are beneficial for the detection and treatment of cancers, many people have failed to participate in screening tests. The present study aims to explore the theoretical underpinning of low participation in screening programs using the method of meta-analytic structural equation modeling. It was found that the health belief model is the most adopted theoretical framework. Moreover, the intended uptake of screening was positively predicted only by cues to action, health literacy, and perceived susceptibility. As a result, a health intention model, including the three significant variables, is proposed. The practical implications of the findings are that health communication campaigns should focus on enlightening and engaging the public through all necessary means to raise awareness and transfer knowledge in relation to screening procedures as well as cancers per se.

Early Screening Tests: Some Uses and Abuses

1979 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Satz ◽  
Jack M. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Screening Tests ◽  
Early Screening

scholarly journals COVID19 detection from Radiographs: Is Deep Learning able to handle the crisis?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saqib ◽  
Saeed Anwar ◽  
Abbas Anwar ◽  
Lars petersson ◽  
Michael Blumenstein
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
World Health ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Current State ◽  
Infection Types ◽  
Health Organization

The COVID-19 is a highly contagious viral infection which played havoc on everyone's life in many different ways. According to the world health organization and scientists, more testing potentially helps governments and disease control organizations in containing the spread of the virus. The use of chest radiographs is one of the early screening tests to determine the onset of disease, as the infection affects the lungs severely. This study will investigate and automate the process of testing by using state-of-the-art CNN classifiers to detect the COVID19 infection. However, the viral could of many different types; therefore, we only regard for COVID19 while the other viral infection types are treated as non-COVID19 in the radiographs of various viral infections. The classification task is challenging due to the limited number of scans available for COVID19 and the minute variations in the viral infections. We aim to employ current state-of-the-art CNN architectures, compare their results, and determine whether deep learning algorithms can handle the crisis appropriately. All trained models are available at https://github.com/saeed-anwar/COVID19-Baselines

The Development of a Dry Low NOx Combustion System for the EGT Typhoon

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Kowkabi ◽  
Richard Noden ◽  
Simon De Pietro
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Pressure Oscillation ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Lack Of Control ◽  
Commercial Operation ◽  
Low Nox Combustion

This paper describes the development of an ultra low NOx (i.e. sub 10 ppmvd) combustion system from the successful completion of a high pressure rig programme, to the installation of the system on a gas turbine in commercial operation. It includes a detailed description of early screening tests for DLN concepts and an explanation of how these were developed on both rig and engine test bed. Specific discussions include the concepts and technology for: 1) NOx reduction 2) Optimisation of premix turndown for carbon monoxide control at part load conditions 3) Control of combustion driven pressure oscillation (combustor dynamics) and the failures resulting from the lack of control. In addition to the DLN aerothermal development, an outline description of the combustor mechanical design and the control and systems modification from the conventional combustion system is given.

scholarly journals The Latest Advancement in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Therapy: A Review Article for the Latest Guidelines and Novel Therapies

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Marwa Elsayed ◽  
Maen Abdelrahim
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Novel Therapies ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Search Tool

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in the US, and it is expected to be the second leading cause of cancer deaths by 2030. The lack of effective early screening tests and alarming symptoms with early undetectable micro-metastasis at the time of presentation play a vital role in the high death rate from pancreatic cancer. In addition to this, the low mutation burden in pancreatic cancer, low immunological profile, dense tumorigenesis stroma, and decreased tumor sensitivity to cytotoxic drugs contribute to the low survival rates in PDAC patients. Despite breakthroughs in chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic drugs, pancreatic cancer remains one of the solid tumors that exhibit meager curative rates. Therefore, researchers must dedicate more effort to understanding the pathology and immunological behavior of PDAC, in addition to properly utilizing more advanced screening modalities and new therapeutic agents. In our review, we focus mainly on the latest updates from clinical guidelines and novel therapies that have been recently investigated or are under investigation for PDAC. We used PubMed as a search tool for finding original research articles addressing the latest developments in diagnosing and treating PDAC. Additionally, we also used the clinical trials published on clinicaltrialsgov as sources for our data.

scholarly journals COVID19 detection from Radiographs: Is Deep Learning able to handle the crisis?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saqib ◽  
Saeed Anwar ◽  
Abbas Anwar ◽  
Lars petersson ◽  
Michael Blumenstein
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
World Health ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Current State ◽  
Infection Types ◽  
Health Organization

The COVID-19 is a highly contagious viral infection which played havoc on everyone's life in many different ways. According to the world health organization and scientists, more testing potentially helps governments and disease control organizations in containing the spread of the virus. The use of chest radiographs is one of the early screening tests to determine the onset of disease, as the infection affects the lungs severely. This study will investigate and automate the process of testing by using state-of-the-art CNN classifiers to detect the COVID19 infection. However, the viral could of many different types; therefore, we only regard for COVID19 while the other viral infection types are treated as non-COVID19 in the radiographs of various viral infections. The classification task is challenging due to the limited number of scans available for COVID19 and the minute variations in the viral infections. We aim to employ current state-of-the-art CNN architectures, compare their results, and determine whether deep learning algorithms can handle the crisis appropriately. All trained models are available at https://github.com/saeed-anwar/COVID19-Baselines

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Wild Mushroom Extracts on Bacterial Wilt Pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Erjavec ◽  
Maja Ravnikar ◽  
Jože Brzin ◽  
Tine Grebenc ◽  
Andrej Blejec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Wild Mushroom ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Mushroom Species

In total, 150 protein extracts from 94 different basidiomycete and ascomycete wild mushroom species were tested for antibacterial activity against the quarantine plant-pathogen bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum. In in vitro microtiter plate assays, 15 extracts with moderate to high antibacterial activities were identified: 11 completely inhibited bacterial growth and 4 showed partial inhibition. Of these 15 extracts, 5 were further tested and 3 extracts slowed disease progression and reduced disease severity in artificially inoculated tomato and potato plants. However, the in vitro activities of the extracts did not always correlate with their in vivo activities, which emphasizes the importance of performing early screening tests also in vivo. Testing of selected extracts against 12 R. solanacearum strains identified 6 with potential for broader applicability. Further analysis of extracts from Amanita phalloides and Clitocybe geotropa showed that the active substances are proteins with an approximate size of 180 kDa. To our knowledge, this is the first in vitro and in vivo study that demonstrates that mushroom protein extracts can be promising for treatment of bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum.

scholarly journals Significance of papanicolau smear in STD clinic of a tertiary care teaching hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
R. Manipriya ◽  
K. Deepa ◽  
C. L. Chitra
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Squamous Cells ◽  
Study Results

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> HPV infection is one of the common STI’s in females with a majority of patients being asymptomatic and sub-clinical. It is often associated with STI’s and can be a great source of morbidity to patients. Pap smear is one of the effective screening tests for genital HPV infections and HPV induced neoplasia. The aim of the study was to assess the epithelial abnormalities and associated STI’s in study group using Pap smear.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 500 female patients above the age of 19 years with vaginal sexual exposure were evaluated with the history, clinical examination, and genital speculum examination, ELISA for HIV and Pap smears.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Among the total 500 pap smears, the normal study was found in 148 pap smears (29.6%), abnormal pap smear results in 46 smears (9.2%) and inflammatory smear was found in 306 smears (61.2%). Among the 306 inflammatory smears, 7.6% smears had predominant monocytes and lymphocyte population, 11.8% smears had neutrophils predominantly. 68.9% showed a mixed population of inflammatory cells. Among the total number of abnormal pap smear study, atypical squamous cells was found in majority that is 33 (6.6%), next was carcinoma 4 (0.8%), high grade and low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions contributed 3 (0.6%) and 6(1.2%) each to the abnormal pap smear study results. Commonest associated STI was bacterial vaginosis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Early screening and detection of dysplasia will reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with carcinoma cervix.</p>

scholarly journals Macroscopic Agglutination Test for Rapid Diagnosis of Human Leptospirosis

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 3138-3142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela P. Brandão ◽  
Eide D. Camargo ◽  
Emilson D. da Silva ◽  
Marcos V. Silva ◽  
Rui V. Abrão
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Human Leptospirosis ◽  
Igm Elisa

A commercially available slide agglutination test (SAT) for the diagnosis of human leptospirosis was evaluated by comparing it to an immunoglobulin M (IgM) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and to the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). For all 108 patients, leptospirosis was diagnosed on the basis of a fourfold or greater increase in titer by MAT (seroconversion), and all but 1 of 245 controls were MAT negative (titers, <1:100). Both SAT and the IgM ELISA failed to detect one case of infection (sensitivity, 99%). Only 3 of 145 blood donors and none of the 100 patients with other illnesses were SAT positive (specificity, 99%). The overall results were similar for the three tests; however, SAT and ELISA were statistically more sensitive as initial screening tests. For 22% of the patients, the diagnosis of leptospirosis was made earlier by SAT than by MAT. SAT detected 27 (44%) of 62 MAT-negative patients with the first serum sample. ELISA and SAT had very similar results. Follow-up of patients for 1 year after the onset of symptoms showed a decreasing rate of positivity by SAT from the third month on. The rate of positivity by ELISA decreased more slowly, to about 67% by the end of the study. By MAT all patients were persistently reactive. SAT and ELISA seem to be convenient methods for the rapid and early screening for leptospirosis and could replace the less sensitive MAT. ELISA gives less subjective results than SAT and provides information on IgM kinetics, but it can be performed only by the more sophisticated laboratories. SAT is inexpensive, can be performed more quickly and more easily than ELISA, and could be used by the less well equipped laboratories.

Selection for resistance to black pod disease and yield gains prediction by use of selected cocoa varieties in Cameroon

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 157-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nyasse ◽  
I. B. Efombagn Mousseni ◽  
A. B. Eskes
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Genome Mapping ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Resistance Quantitative Trait Locus ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
Black Pod ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Growing Conditions

Research on resistance to black pod caused by Phytophthora megakarya has been carried out in Cameroon for 40 years. It has yielded a significant database which is currently being exploited for the modelling of disease resistance levels of the major clones selected as candidate parents for the creation of new resistant and consequently more productive cocoa varieties. These outputs are expected to meet the increasing need of producers for improved planting material to extend cultivation into emerging cocoa-growing areas or to renew old cocoa production basins. These outputs have been made possible through an international collaborative effort and, more recently, within the scope of regional or international initiatives sponsored by CFC/ICCO/IPGRI and by CAOBISCO. New selection approaches and methodologies, such as rapid field assessment and early screening tests, have been promoted, along with the use of molecular tools for genome mapping and disease resistance quantitative trait locus (QTL) identification. Promising material has been introduced, evaluated in the laboratory and on-farm, and compared to the local cocoa germplasm. The basic knowledge developed from this local database has enabled the definition of an empirical disease resistance sorting and subsequently a prediction of the yield gains expected from the use of different cocoa clones and possible combinations (progenies) available on-station and in farmers' stands in different agro-ecological growing conditions; or which have to be created following strategies in the new breeding programme.

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