scholarly journals Developing and applying a framework to understand mechanisms of action in group-based, behaviour change interventions: the MAGI mixed-methods study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-162
Author(s):  
Aleksandra J Borek ◽  
Jane R Smith ◽  
Colin J Greaves ◽  
Fiona Gillison ◽  
Mark Tarrant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Group Processes ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Behaviour Change Interventions ◽  
Group Sessions ◽  
Weight Loss Interventions

Background Theories and meta-analyses have elucidated individual-level mechanisms of action in behaviour change interventions. Although group-based interventions are commonly used to support health-related behaviour change, such interventions rarely consider theory and research (e.g. from social psychology) on how group-level mechanisms can also influence personal change. Objectives The aim was to enhance understanding of mechanisms of action in group-based behaviour change interventions. The objectives were to (1) develop a potentially generalisable framework of change processes in groups, (2) test the framework by analysing group session recordings to identify examples illustrating group processes and facilitation techniques and (3) explore links between group-level mechanisms and outcomes. Data sources In this mixed-methods study, the research team reviewed literature, conducted consultations and analysed secondary data (i.e. delivery materials and 46 audio-recordings of group sessions) from three group-based weight loss interventions targeting diet and physical activity: ‘Living Well Taking Control’ (LWTC), ‘Skills for weight loss Maintenance’ and ‘Waste the Waist’. Quantitative LWTC programme data on participant characteristics, attendance and outcomes (primarily weight loss) were also used. Methods Objectives were addressed in three stages. In stage 1, a framework of change processes in groups was developed by reviewing literature on groups (including theories, taxonomies of types of change techniques, qualitative studies and measures of group processes), analysing transcripts of 10 diverse group sessions and consulting with four group participants, four facilitators and 31 researchers. In stage 2, the framework was applied in analysing 28 further group sessions. In stage 3, group-level descriptive analyses of available quantitative data from 67 groups and in-depth qualitative analyses of two groups for which comprehensive quantitative and qualitative data were available were conducted to illustrate mixed-methods approaches for exploring links between group processes and outcomes. Results Stage 1 resulted in development of the ‘Mechanisms of Action in Group-based Interventions’ (MAGI) framework and definitions, encompassing group intervention design features, facilitation techniques, group dynamic and development processes, interpersonal change processes, selective intrapersonal change processes operating in groups, and contextual factors. In stage 2, a coding schema was developed, refined and applied to identify examples of framework components in group sessions, confirming the content validity of the framework for weight loss interventions. Stage 3 demonstrated considerable variability in group characteristics and outcomes and illustrated how the framework could be applied in integrating group-level qualitative and quantitative data to generate and test hypotheses about links between group mechanisms and outcomes (e.g. to identify features of more or less successful groups). Limitations The framework and examples were primarily derived from research on weight loss interventions, and may require adaptations/additions to ensure applicability to other types of groups. The mixed-methods analyses were limited by the availability and quality of the secondary data. Conclusions This study identified, defined, categorised into a framework and provided examples of group-level mechanisms that may influence behaviour change. Future work The framework and mixed-methods approaches developed provide a resource for designers, facilitators and evaluators to underpin future research on, and delivery of, group-based interventions. Funding This project was funded by the Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation programme, a Medical Research Council and National Institute for Health Research partnership.

What goes on in digital behaviour change interventions for weight loss maintenance targeting physical activity: A Scoping Review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Encantado ◽  
António L. Palmeira ◽  
Carolina Silva ◽  
Falko F. Sniehotta ◽  
R. James Stubbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Weight Loss Maintenance ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Behaviour Change Techniques ◽  
Behavioural Interventions ◽  
Behaviour Change Interventions ◽  
Theoretical Approaches

BACKGROUND Behavioural interventions for weight loss maintenance have shown beneficial effects for weight loss maintenance. While the digital upgrade of behavioural interventions brings an enormous potential to tackle public health challenges, there is limited knowledge about the components of these interventions, i.e., its content, delivery and the theoretical approaches. OBJECTIVE To identify the core components of digital behaviour change interventions for weight loss maintenance targeting physical activity, in terms of: i) Behaviour Change Techniques; ii) Mechanisms of Action; iii) Modes of Delivery; iv) Dose; and v) Tailoring/Personalisation. In addition, the links between these components were investigated. METHODS A literature search was performed in 5 electronic databases: PubMed; Embase; CINHAL; PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Two reviewers independently screened the identified papers and extracted data related with the study characteristics and behaviour change techniques, mechanism of action, mode of delivery, dose, and tailoring, using standardized classifications whenever available (e.g., behaviour change techniques taxonomy). RESULTS Seventeen articles reporting eleven original studies were selected. Two studies were protocols, nine studies presented results for weight change and all but one showed no significant differences between the intervention and control groups. Eight studies (73%) provided adequate information on Behaviour Change Techniques. Five studies (45%) provided partial information about how the Behaviour Change Techniques were linked to mechanisms of action, and only one study (0.9%) described these links for all the techniques. Around half of the studies reported the modes through which behaviour change techniques were delivered. Descriptions of dose were present in most studies, but with minimal information. The use of tailoring or personalisation approaches was mentioned in eight studies (73%), but descriptions of what was tailored and how were minimal. CONCLUSIONS The compilation of information regarding intervention components was difficult due to the lack of information and systematisation in reporting across papers. This is particularly true for the reporting of the links between behaviour change techniques and the other core intervention components. This information is crucial to help us understand in the context of behaviour change interventions what works or does not work, how it works and why.

scholarly journals What goes on in digital behaviour change interventions for weight loss maintenance targeting physical activity: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Encantado ◽  
António L Palmeira ◽  
Carolina Silva ◽  
Falko Sniehotta ◽  
James Stubbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Partial Information ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Weight Loss Maintenance ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Behaviour Change Techniques ◽  
Behavioural Interventions ◽  
Behaviour Change Interventions

Background: Behavioural interventions for weight loss maintenance have shown beneficial effects for weight loss maintenance. While the digital upgrade of behavioural interventions brings an enormous potential to tackle public health challenges, there is limited knowledge about the components of these interventions, i.e., its content, delivery and the theoretical approaches.Objective: To identify the core components of digital behaviour change interventions for weight loss maintenance targeting physical activity, in terms of: i) Behaviour Change Techniques; ii) Mechanisms of Action; iii) Modes of Delivery; iv) Dose; and v) Tailoring/Personalisation. In addition, the links between these components were investigated.Methods: A literature search was performed in 5 electronic databases: PubMed; Embase; CINHAL; PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Two reviewers independently screened the identified papers and extracted data related with the study characteristics and behaviour change techniques, mechanism of action, mode of delivery, dose, and tailoring, using standardized classifications whenever available (e.g., behaviour change techniques taxonomy). Results: Seventeen articles reporting eleven original studies were selected. Two studies were protocols, nine studies presented results for weight change and all but one showed no significant differences between the intervention and control groups. Eight studies (73%) provided adequate information on Behaviour Change Techniques. Five studies (45%) provided partial information about how the Behaviour Change Techniques were linked to mechanisms of action, and only one study (0.9%) described these links for all the techniques. Around half of the studies reported the modes through which behaviour change techniques were delivered. Descriptions of dose were present in most studies, but with minimal information. The use of tailoring or personalisation approaches was mentioned in eight studies (73%), but descriptions of what was tailored and how were minimal. Conclusions: The compilation of information regarding intervention components was difficult due to the lack of information and systematisation in reporting across papers. This is particularly true for the reporting of the links between behaviour change techniques and the other core intervention components. This information is crucial to help us understand in the context of behaviour change interventions what works or does not work, how it works and why.

scholarly journals Weight loss interventions for adults with overweight/obesity and chronic musculoskeletal pain: a mixed methods systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 989-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Cooper ◽  
C. G. Ryan ◽  
L. J. Ells ◽  
S. Hamilton ◽  
G. Atkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Weight Loss Interventions

scholarly journals Young Adults, Technology, and Weight Loss: A Focus Group Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janna Stephens ◽  
Gyasi Moscou-Jackson ◽  
Jerilyn K. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Focus Group Study ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Need Support ◽  
Smartphone Technology ◽  
Group Sessions ◽  
Weight Loss Interventions

Overweight and obesity are a major concern in young adults. Technology has been integrated into many weight loss interventions; however little is known about the use of this technology in young adults. The purpose of this study was to explore through focus group sessions the opinions of young adults on the use of technology for weight loss. A total of 17 young adults, between 18 and 25 years of age, participated in three focus group sessions. Major results indicated that young adults have very little knowledge on the use of Smartphone technology for weight loss but would like to use this type of technology to help them lose weight. Results also indicated that young adults struggle to make healthy food choices and have priorities that outweigh exercise and they need support and guidance to make better decisions. In conclusion, young adults would be open to using Smartphone technology for weight loss but also need feedback and guidance to help make healthy decisions.

scholarly journals Using the Onitor® Track for weight loss: A mixed methods study among overweight and obese women

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 1841-1865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Buchan ◽  
Heather M Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Behaviour Change Techniques ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Disease Rates ◽  
Exercise Programmes ◽  
Weight Loss Interventions

Non-communicable disease rates associated with being overweight or obese are rising. Technologies warrant consideration as weight loss interventions. Cloudtag’s® Onitor® Track, a dual-position wearable plus smartphone application, monitors energy expenditure and provides tailored exercise programmes. This research aimed to undertake an experimental study of 20 overweight and obese women using the technology; explore its feasibility and acceptability through interviews; and investigate its behaviour change techniques. The primary outcome was decreased body weight (kg) at 4 weeks. Secondary outcomes were body mass index (kg/m2) and waist circumference (cm) changes. 15 overweight and obese women took part. Results indicated weight loss (median 2.7 kg, p < 0.05) and waist circumference decrease (median 4 cm, p < 0.05), but attrition was high (60%). Users reported dietary changes but few activity adjustments. They valued feedback. 27 behaviour change techniques were identified. The Onitor® Track shows potential for weight loss in overweight and obese women, but further work is needed.

scholarly journals The H2020 “NoHoW Project”: A Position Statement on Behavioural Approaches to Longer-Term Weight Management

Obesity Facts ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
R. James Stubbs ◽  
Cristiana Duarte ◽  
Ruairi O’Driscoll ◽  
Jake Turicchi ◽  
Dominika Kwasnicka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Position Statement ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Behavioural Interventions ◽  
Intervention Content

There is substantial evidence documenting the effects of behavioural interventions on weight loss (WL). However, behavioural approaches to initial WL are followed by some degree of longer-term weight regain, and large trials focusing on evidence-based approaches to weight loss maintenance (WLM) have generally only demonstrated small beneficial effects. The current state-of-the-art in behavioural interventions for WL and WLM raises questions of (i) how we define the relationship between WL and WLM, (ii) how energy balance (EB) systems respond to WL and influence behaviours that primarily drive weight regain, (iii) how intervention content, mode of delivery and intensity should be targeted to keep weight off, (iv) which mechanisms of action in complex interventions may prevent weight regain and (v) how to design studies and interventions to maximise effective longer-term weight management. In considering these issues a writing team within the NoHoW Consortium was convened to elaborate a position statement, and behaviour change and obesity experts were invited to discuss these positions and to refine them. At present the evidence suggests that developing the skills to self-manage EB behaviours leads to more effective WLM. However, the effects of behaviour change interventions for WL and WLM are still relatively modest and our understanding of the factors that disrupt and undermine self-management of eating and physical activity is limited. These factors include physiological resistance to weight loss, gradual compensatory changes in eating and physical activity and reactive processes related to stress, emotions, rewards and desires that meet psychological needs. Better matching of evidence-based intervention content to quantitatively tracked EB behaviours and the specific needs of individuals may improve outcomes. Improving objective longitudinal tracking of energy intake and energy expenditure over time would provide a quantitative framework in which to understand the dynamics of behaviour change, mechanisms of action of behaviour change interventions and user engagement with intervention components to potentially improve weight management intervention design and evaluation.

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