Stance: an international undergraduate philosophy journal

10.33043/s ◽  
2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Journal

Computing Machinery and Intelligence (1950)

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Turing
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Turing Test ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Imitation Game ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Computing Machinery ◽  
Restricted Form ◽  
Wrong Identification ◽  
Asking Questions ◽  
Philosophy Journal

Together with ‘On Computable Numbers’, ‘Computing Machinery and Intelligence’ forms Turing’s best-known work. This elegant and sometimes amusing essay was originally published in 1950 in the leading philosophy journal Mind. Turing’s friend Robin Gandy (like Turing a mathematical logician) said that ‘Computing Machinery and Intelligence’. . . was intended not so much as a penetrating contribution to philosophy but as propaganda. Turing thought the time had come for philosophers and mathematicians and scientists to take seriously the fact that computers were not merely calculating engines but were capable of behaviour which must be accounted as intelligent; he sought to persuade people that this was so. He wrote this paper—unlike his mathematical papers—quickly and with enjoyment. I can remember him reading aloud to me some of the passages— always with a smile, sometimes with a giggle. The quality and originality of ‘Computing Machinery and Intelligence’ have earned it a place among the classics of philosophy of mind. ‘Computing Machinery and Intelligence’ contains Turing’s principal exposition of the famous ‘imitation game’ or Turing test. The test first appeared, in a restricted form, in the closing paragraphs of ‘Intelligent Machinery’ (Chapter 10). Chapters 13 and 14, dating from 1951 and 1952 respectively, contain further discussion and amplification; unpublished until 1999, this important additional material throws new light on how the Turing test is to be understood. The imitation game involves three participants: a computer, a human interrogator, and a human ‘foil’. The interrogator attempts to determine, by asking questions of the other two participants, which of them is the computer. All communication is via keyboard and screen, or an equivalent arrangement (Turing suggested a teleprinter link). The interrogator may ask questions as penetrating and wide-ranging as he or she likes, and the computer is permitted to do everything possible to force a wrong identification. (So the computer might answer ‘No’ in response to ‘Are you a computer?’ and might follow a request to multiply one large number by another with a long pause and a plausibly incorrect answer.) The foil must help the interrogator to make a correct identification.

Cultivating Honesty

2021 ◽  
pp. 213-235
Author(s):  
Christian B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Psychological Literature ◽  
Moral Domain ◽  
Preliminary Account ◽  
Philosophy Journal

The virtue of honesty has been seriously neglected in contemporary philosophy. Hardly any papers on the nature of the virtue have appeared in a leading philosophy journal in decades. Similarly, almost nothing has been said about how to cultivate the virtue of honesty. In recent work, Miller has offered a preliminary account of the nature of the virtue of honesty. In this chapter he aims to do the same with honesty cultivation. Specifically, he first looks to the psychological literature on cheating to see what dispositions most people actually possess in this moral domain. Central among them will be beliefs about the wrongness of cheating, as well as desires to cheat while also appearing honest both to others and to ourselves. With this baseline in place, Miller considers what strategies can be recommended to enhance the importance and salience of the wrongness of cheating, while weakening our desires to cheat.

scholarly journals Epistemology and Practice of Believing

2020 ◽  
Vol IV (4) ◽  
pp. 225-236
Author(s):  
Anna Moiseeva
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Journal

Discussion: Butakov, P. A. 2020. “Vo chto i kak nado verit’: otvet sobesednikam [What to Believe and How to Believe It: A Response to My Interlocutors]” [in Russian]. Filosofiya. Zhurnal Vysshey shkoly ekonomiki [Philosophy. Journal of the Higher School of Economics] 4(4), 167-184.

scholarly journals On the Use and Abuse of Analytical Philosophy for Non-Scientific Theorizing

2020 ◽  
Vol IV (4) ◽  
pp. 185-198
Author(s):  
Constantine Pavlov-Pinus
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Philosophy ◽  
Philosophy Journal

Discussion: Butakov, P. A. 2020. “Vo chto i kak nado verit’: otvet sobesednikam [What to Believe and How to Believe It: A Response to My Interlocutors]” [in Russian]. Filosofiya. Zhurnal Vysshey shkoly ekonomiki [Philosophy. Journal of the Higher School of Economics] 4(4), 167-184.

Paradoxes 1: The Ship of Theseus

Think ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-76
Author(s):  
Michael Clark
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Journal

In this regular series Michael Clark, editor of the philosophy journal Analysis, presents a number of the most intriguing philosophical paradoxes. We begin with The Ship of Theseus.

scholarly journals The phenomenology of the subject-object relation

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 148-170
Author(s):  
Aleksei F. Losev ◽  
Aza A. Takho-Godi ◽  
Victor P. Troitskii ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Original Composition ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Object Relation ◽  
Dialectical Method ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Philosophy Journal

The publication of newly discovered materials from the archive of A.F. Losev relating to the original composition of the famous philosopher’s book “Philosophy of the Name” (1927) continues. Previously, the “Philosophy Journal” (No. 3, 2019) published “The gen­eral characteristic of tetractide dialectics”, a fragment which was intended to open the second, unreleased part of the book. In it, a kind of categorical system unfolds from the “dialectics of the first-entity” to the “dialectics of the name of the entity”. This new piece bearing the provisional title of “The Phenomenology of the subject – object rela­tion” presents the closing sections of the second part of the book. Here, Losev begins with treating the relationship of the primo-entity and the name of the entity in energetic terms (eidos, energy, energema). Then, in terms of the same notions he describes the rela­tions between the outside world and the subject of understanding. At the same time, all nuances of such connections and relations are expressed by a list of carefully selected an­tinomies (matter and essence, object and subject). This demonstrates the effectiveness of the phenomenological-dialectical method adopted by A.F. Losev. The very same dialecti­cal system is well found in other works of A.F. Losev (1920s), such as in the book “An­cient Space and Modern Science” (chapter “Name and its Dialectics”) and “Philosophy of the Name”. In those other works, it is presented in a slightly less detailed form, albeit still in terms of the same antinomies. In the excerpt presented here, the subtle distinction be­tween the two types of meon – the essence (internal) and material (external), receives a clearer exposition than in the above-mentioned books. This distinction is important be­cause it determined the specificity of Losev’s phenomenology in many ways.

scholarly journals Introduction: Philosophy On Stage: The Concept of Immanence in Contemporary Art and Philosophy

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Arno Böhler ◽  
Eva-Maria Aigner ◽  
Elisabeth Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
Main Question ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Arts Based Research ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Philosophical Assumption ◽  
Differential Relations ◽  
Philosophy Journal ◽  
Austrian Science Fund ◽  
Traditional Image

This special issue of the Performance Philosophy journal—the first bilingual edition in German and English—is one output of the research project “Artist-Philosophers. Philosophy AS Arts-based Research”, funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): AR275-G21 in the context of the Programme for Arts-based Research (PEEK). A main question of the project was: “What happens to the traditional image of philosophy, once philosophers start to stage philosophy and implement arts-based practices into their discipline?” Starting from the philosophical assumption that meanings and possibilities are generated immanently out of the differential relations somebody shares with others within a concrete earthly milieu, we realised two main events in the course of the above-mentioned research project, on which this publication is based: The research festival Philosophy on Stage #4 „Artist-Philosophers. Nietzsche et cetera“ at Tanzquartier Wien in November 2015 and the conference “The Concept of Immanence in Philosophy and the Arts” at Angewandte Innovation Lab (AIL) Vienna. This issue of the Performance Philosophy Journal comprises texts by: Arno Böhler, Laura Cull Ó Maoilearca, Paulo de Assis, Susanne Valerie Granzer, Alice Lagaay, Dieter Mersch, John Ó Maoilearca, Freddie Rokem, Elisabeth Schäfer, Andreas Urs Sommer, Marcus Steinweg, Tanja Traxler, Stephen Zepke.

scholarly journals What to Believe and How to Believe It: A Response to My Interlocutors

2020 ◽  
Vol IV (4) ◽  
pp. 237-246
Author(s):  
Pavel Butakov
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Journal

Discussion: Butakov, P. A. 2020. “Vo chto i kak nado verit’: otvet sobesednikam [What to Believe and How to Believe It: A Response to My Interlocutors]” [in Russian]. Filosofiya. Zhurnal Vysshey shkoly ekonomiki [Philosophy. Journal of the Higher School of Economics] 4(4), 167-184.

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