Industrial "5G" Telecom Infrastructure Time and Frequency Reference

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Charles Billebault ◽  
Didier Thorax ◽  
Nicolas Gufflet ◽  
Alexander Kovach ◽  
Vincent Candelier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Reference ◽  
Telecom Infrastructure

Regulatory Issues in Pakistan Telecommunication

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4II) ◽  
pp. 873-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarfaraz Khan Quershi
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Regulatory Issues ◽  
Competitive Price ◽  
Modern Services ◽  
A Company ◽  
Telecom Infrastructure

Growth in telecom infrastructure and provision of modern telecom services to consumers at a cost based tariff helps growth of national economy. Modern telecoms serve as the engine of growth of national economy. Following the global trends of liberalisation and deregulation in telecoms monopolies which have thus far been providing inefficient communication at a greedily high tariffs are falling apart. Mergers in telecoms are not for increasing the size of the monopoly but to provide more efficient and cost effective services to the consumers. In Pakistan the erstwhile T&T department played a needful role at its time. Conversion of the department into a corporation and then into a company were steps necessary for following the global trends. Need now is to continue this trend further, eliminate the monopolistic approach by allowing more players in the field thus permitting the market forces to decide the provision of better quality of modern services at competitive price.

WDM coherent star network with absolute frequency reference

1988 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.C. Chung ◽  
K.J. Pollock ◽  
P.J. Fitzgerald ◽  
B. Glance ◽  
R.W. Tkach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Frequency ◽  
Star Network ◽  
Frequency Reference

scholarly journals Architecture for integrating vertical customer’s programmability control of network functions and connectivity in a slice-as-a-service schema

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis M. Contreras ◽  
Samier Barguil ◽  
Ricard Vilalta ◽  
Victor López
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Network Slicing ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Network Functions ◽  
End To End ◽  
Operational Networks ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Telecom Infrastructure ◽  
As If

AbstractNetwork slicing will permit offering to vertical customers tailored end-to-end logical networks in an on-demand fashion, on top of a common telecom infrastructure, achieving a Slices-as-a-Service (SlaaS) business model. This is possible due to the progressive introduction of network softwarization techniques, such as programmability and virtualization, into existing operational networks, enabling dynamic and flexible provision of slices. Those vertical customers could require the control not only of the network functions composing the end-to-end service, but also of the connectivity among them, e.g., for influencing the paths for steering traffic among function instances. However, this can be problematic since decisions from one vertical customer can collide with decisions from others. One aspect not yet sufficiently investigated is how to permit vertical customers to jointly control the service functions and the underlay connectivity, in such a way that could operate the allocated slice as if it was actually a dedicated network entirely for them. This paper explores some architectural proposition in this respect illustrated with some potential use cases and it provides an example of the provision of SlaaS for a vertical customer.

Cryogenic, all‐sapphire, Fabry–Perot optical frequency reference

1995 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 955-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Taylor ◽  
M. Notcutt ◽  
D. G. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Optical Frequency ◽  
Frequency Reference ◽  
Fabry Perot

0.1 Hz / Hz Frequency Stability in a Passive, Optical Fiber Frequency Reference

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Zhang ◽  
Chathura P. Bandutunga ◽  
Terry G. McRae ◽  
Malcolm B. Gray ◽  
Jong H. Chow
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Frequency Stability ◽  
Frequency Reference

Investigation of 6S 1/2–8S 1/2 two-photon transition of cesium atoms by a single 822 nm laser

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 025201
Author(s):  
Ning Liu ◽  
Sandan Wang ◽  
Jinpeng Yuan ◽  
Lirong Wang ◽  
Liantuan Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Standard ◽  
Laser Beams ◽  
Fluorescence Signal ◽  
Frequency Reference ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Photon Transition ◽  
Fabry Perot ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Stable Frequency ◽  
Vapor Temperature

Abstract We experimentally investigate the 6S 1/2–8S 1/2 two-photon transition in cesium vapor by a single laser. A blue (455.5 and 459.3 nm) fluorescence signal is observed as a result of 822.5 nm laser beams illuminating the Cs vapor with a counter-propagating configuration. The dependences of the fluorescence intensity on the polarization combinations of the laser beams, laser power and vapor temperature are studied to obtain optimal experimental parameters. The frequency difference between the two hyperfine components of 4158 (7) MHz is measured with a Fabry–Perot interferometer as a frequency reference. Such a large spectral isolation and the insensitivity to the Earth’s magnetic field enable the 6S 1/2–8S 1/2 transition to be a stable frequency standard candidate for a frequency-doubled 1644 nm laser in the U-band window for quantum telecommunication.

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