Evaluation of cut quality of woodfree coated papers

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
BENOÎT DUFOUR, ◽  
WOLFGANG BAUER ◽  
JEAN-FRANCIS BLOCH
Keyword(s):  
Coating Layer ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Offset Printing ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Coated Papers ◽  
Cut Quality ◽  
Printing Papers

Dusting and blanket pollution are of particular interest in offset printing. Papers must be free of dust and loose particles to drastically reduce the wash interval of the blankets. Those particles are mainly generated during converting operations, such as sheeting. Considering the end-customer point of view, the visual aspect of the cut appears to be very important. To study in detail the influence of the sheeting parameters and paper properties on cut quality, a new test method to quantify the cut quality of woodfree coated papers has been developed. In particular, this method takes into consideration the state of the coating layer near the cutting edges.

scholarly journals Back-trap mottle: A review of mechanisms and possible solutions

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 6426-6447
Author(s):  
Hak Lae Lee ◽  
Hye Jung Youn ◽  
Ming He ◽  
Jiachuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Coating Layer ◽  
Offset Printing ◽  
Coating Structure ◽  
Paper Substrate ◽  
Coated Paper ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Coated Papers ◽  
Coating Uniformity ◽  
Color Density

Print mottle is a serious and common uneven printing defect that occurs when printing coated paper by the offset multicolor printing process. It is characterized by a non-uniform appearance in terms of brightness, gloss, or color density that appears mostly in solid printed areas. Back-trap print mottle and water-interference print mottle occur when the quality of the paper substrate, especially the coating layer quality, is not satisfactory. To cope with this quality problem of coated papers, the understanding of the offset printing process, the requirements of coated-paper quality, and the reasons for this problem should be addressed. In this review, the basic process of offset printing and the mechanisms of print mottles were explored, the importance of coating uniformity in both the coating structure and process was reviewed, and the approaches to cope with print mottle were introduced.

Analysis of public safety in European countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 66-80
Author(s):  
Anna Wierzbicka ◽  
Agata Żółtaszek
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
The Subject

Maintaining security is one of public tasks that determine the quality of life of the population. This issue is the subject of much debate both social and political. An in-depth assessment of the situation requires a variety of analyzes, significant from the point of view of the implementation of appropriate, effective strategy to increase the sense of security among citizens. The aim of the paper is to compare the state of public safety in selected European countries. The study was conducted based on Eurostat data from the years 2005–2011.

scholarly journals DAMPAK PENILAIAN KINERJA APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA UNTUK PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Bertha Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Important Thing

In this study, one important thing will be discussed, namely about what is performance, its services, especially for the state civil apparatus (ASN). Since personnel are so important from both the employee and organizational point of view, an efficient evaluation orders related evaluations to the organization. The main objective of this research is to assess the importance of evaluating the performance of the civil service to increase public efficiency as a special type of human capital. This concludes with the steps necessary to ensure the efficient use of the capacity of the civil service of the state. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature review method to explain the performance of the State Civil Apparatus as a development of the quality of human resources.

SHORTCOMINGS OF COMMONLY USED METHODS OF MEASURING THE ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF THE COUNTRY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
Łukasz Wojciechowski ◽  
Tomasz Wołowiec
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
State And Society ◽  
State Of The Environment

The article analyzes the flaws of the classical measures of economic growth. It is based on the assumption that, while not questioning the quality of the GDP indicator as a tool for measuring economic activity, it points out that the way this indicator is constructed influences the actions of governments, citizens and other actors, affecting also non-productive areas. What we measure affects what we do - if production is measured, then the criterion determining the success of the state and society will be the growth of production, and not the level of education, health or state of the environment. Gross domestic product in many cases includes production that, from the point of view of the community, indicates unfavorable processes. These are the so-called anti-goods, i.e., phenomena that increase GDP, although they worsen well-being and are socially undesirable).

scholarly journals MAINTENANCE OF QUALITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN REPUBLIC BELARUS: ORGANIZATIONAL, METHODOLOGICAL AND CONTENT ASPECTS

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Valiantsina Dynich
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Education System ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Scientific Paradigm ◽  
Quality Of Higher Education ◽  
Training Courses

In article ways of maintenance of quality of higher education in Belarus are considered. It is shown that they are the result of interaction of two tendencies. The first is inheritance and development of traditions of the Soviet education system. Belarus system tries to conserve fundamentality and scientific character of the contents of education, to keep in basis the orientation on Five years' term of training. The second one is use the consequences of world processes, such as mass character of higher education, its practical orienta-tion, Influence of market relations on education, etc. All establishments of education of an education system of Belarus are subjected to the state control. Irrespective of subordination and patterns of ownership of establishments of education the state con-trol is carried out as: – Self-checking which is carried out by establishments as the procedure which is carried out for an internal estimation of quality of education under the program worked out by establishment education or as a necessary stage of the certification which are carried out in the order, developed by department of quality assurance of education; – Inspections of establishments spent by department of quality assurance of education and other competent bodies; – Inspections by department of quality assurance of education of committees, departments of educa-tion of local executive and administrative bodies. Monitoring of quality of education at a level of universities is carried out in the form of the current and final certification of students for the certain period of training (a semester, a rate, all period of training). Oral, written and practical forms are used. Forms of certification of students are determined by educational standards of specialities. For the first time standards of specialties of higher education in republic have been developed in 1998-1999. In 2008 standards of new generation (361 specialities) have been created. In standards results of modernization of system of the higher school are reflected: two-level preparation of the graduate (the special-ist, the master); the differentiated terms of preparation of the graduate at the first level (from 4 till 6 years of training on a speciality); competent approach to formation of model of the specialist; increasing of controlled independent work of students in total amount training hours; orientation to innovative techniques and tech-nologies of teaching. The problem which is necessary to solve is to update of the training courses content from scientific and practical point of view. It is difficult because this step may lead to including more information that stu-dent is able to get. In this case it is important to emphasize that methodology of education is opposite to methodology of development of knowledge in science. In a science, as it is known, speaking computer language, change of operational system occurs from time to time. It allows to state information of past periods simply and briefly. There is reconsideration and re-structuring of all volume of the scientific information from the point of view of a new scientific paradigm. Changes of scientific knowledge in the content of training courses also should be nonlinear both on time and on intensity of the response to changes occurring in a science. During normal (extensive) develop-ment of a science the new knowledge can quite take root into educational process in an additive mode. Intro-duction of the knowledge which has arisen during change of a scientific paradigm demands radical transfor-mation of forms and methods of training and even phase transition of all education system. Differently, the content and methodology of education, following by the changes in a science and practice, should vary peri-odically to provide quality of preparation of specialists according to modern social and culture realities. Key words: education, quality, the content of education, methodology.

scholarly journals Research of municipal public policy in Sevastopol: index assessment, problems, recommendations

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 22-37
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Yakimets ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Transfer Property ◽  
Index Approach ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Assessment Problems ◽  
The City

The article presents the results of a sociological study of municipal public policy conducted in the federal city of Sevastopol in 2020. Methodologically, the study was based on an index approach based on the participation of different groups of local experts and specialists in the process of evaluating the work of institutions and mechanisms, as well as the activities of public policy actors. According to the obtained index assessment of the state of public policy in the municipal districts of Sevastopol, we can talk about an almost consolidated type of public policy, when the estimated positions of two groups of respondents (representatives of municipal authorities, small and medium-sized businesses) are consolidated, and the indices of employees of municipal unitary enterprises and the NGO community differ slightly from them. From the point of view of the characteristics of the institutional status of local public policy, the highest scores in solidarity with all groups of respondents given the quality of the functioning of national harmony and tolerance of religions and faiths, of institutions, municipal elections and education. Institutions for the protection of private and municipal property, as well as the functioning of a website for collecting proposals from residents of the city, received solidly low ratings. And the worst rating is given to healthcare institutions. From the point of view of the subject cross-section of municipal public policy in the municipal districts of Sevastopol, there is a more pessimistic assessment of the activities of subjects and actors on the part of local authorities and employees of municipal unitary enterprises. Representatives of the NGO community and, to a lesser extent, business gave more optimistic assessments. The development of the subject potential of participants in public interaction in the city will require targeted program work to improve the skills of local self-government entities, to resolve the problems of redistribution of powers between the state bodies of Sevastopol and the authorities of municipalities and to provide the latter with financial resources, to transfer property to municipalities.

Modernization of the State Internal Financial Audit System of the Russian Federation

Auditor ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Larisa Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Internal Auditor ◽  
Audit System ◽  
Regulatory Authorities ◽  
Financial Audit ◽  
The Russian Federation

Th e article examines the ongoing changes in the fi eld of internal fi nancial audit in Russia, carried out in four vectors: regulatory; personnel; empowering the internal auditor with de facto independence and improving automated systems. Th e assessment of the quality of the internal fi nancial audit system in the Russian Federation was carried out according to the data of regulatory authorities and from the point of view of the heads of fi nancial services of budgetary institutions. Measures are proposed to improve the state internal fi nancial audit.

scholarly journals Er friheden taget ud af friskolen?

Politik ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Vincents Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Private Schools ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Academic Quality ◽  
Religious Minorities ◽  
Political Autonomy ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Pedagogical Freedom

The article investigates the last 15 years’ changes in the Danish law regarding private schools and asks to what extent the ideological and pedagogical freedom of the private schools have become more restricted. It traces the changes back to general concerns with integration of cultural and religious minorities and with the academic quality of schools, the latter in light of the international competitiveness of Danish society. e article nds that the freedom of the schools has become more limited and discusses whether the e orts to limit their freedom go beyond what is legitimate from a liberal democratic point of view. e article nds that it is legitimate for a liberal democratic state to presuppose ability for political autonomy among its citizens, but it is controversial for the state to demand that schools instill speci c values and loyalties into their students. 

scholarly journals BANKIERZY PUBLICZNI W ŹRÓDŁACH PRAWA RZYMSKIEGO

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Piotr Niczyporuk
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Public Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
Ab Urbe Condita ◽  
High Regard

PUBLIC BANKERS IN ROMAN LAW SOURCESSummaryThe Romans had an extensive terminology for persons who engaged in banking activities; however, only nummularii and mensarii pursued activities on behalf of the State. Their operations may be regarded as public banking in the broad sense of the term, and were conducted from the 4th century BC until the 3rd century AD. Banking was of key importance in the peak period of growth for Roman trading and financial operations, and this is confirmed in the sources for Roman law. We do not have any records for the bankers referred to as nummularii until the period of classical Roman law, when we get fragmentary references to them in the writings of Roman jurists. There are only two passages on their public activities in the quality control and exchange of coinage; the first is by Sextus Caecilius Africanus, and the second is Ulpian’s commentary on the duties of the prefectus Urbi. Other references to them in the works of Roman jurists relate to their operations concerning deposits and credit, and as such do not belong to the sphere of public law. We get more mentions of public bankers in the Roman non-legal literature. Mensarii, who performed a certain type of public banking duties, are referred to in Livy’s Ab urbe condita. Cicero, Suetonius, and Festus also wrote about them. Moreover, Grammaticus treated the term mensarii as synonymous with nummularii. Presumably the two categories of public bankers were considered to be generally respected individuals. We also have mentions of the nummularii in the non-legal literature. In his Satyricon Petronius esteemed their skills of assessing the quality of coins; they were also held in high regard by Martial, Suetonius, and Apuleius. Suetonius wrote of the severe penalties imposed on the nummularii by the Emperor Galba. On the other hand, all we get in the epigraphic sources, mostly tombstone inscriptions from Rome, elsewhere in Italy, and the western provinces, are records of the activities of the nummularii for the quality control and exchange of coinage, considered an important duty from the point of view of the State. In fact the non-legal and epigraphic literature of Rome tells us more about public bankers than do the sources on Roman law. Their work did not give rise to many legal problems, as we may conclude from the fact they are mentioned only in two juridical passages. The assessment of the quality of coins and their exchange, and other banking activities on behalf of the State were sufficiently supervised by Roman administrative officers, so there was no need for jurists to comment on them at length.

scholarly journals Factors of Formation of Tax Behavior and Tax Culture at the National Level

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Tatiana S. Seliutina
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
National Tax

This article is devoted to issues of national tax system effectiveness and overcoming existing problems with it. Under the current conditions, taxes are the integral lever of government influence on the countrys market economy. As a result, the level of development of the national economy and the conditions in its social sphere are directly influenced by the state of the tax system. The author considers it possible to ascertain the efficiency of the tax system in the broadest sense, namely as an aggregate level of achievement, by its goals. Those goals are set in accordance with the functions of taxation. However, when they are realized, significant disparities and even narrowed interpretations of functions arise. As a result, the existing tax system is flawed and unable to achieve high operational efficiency. As one of the most important problems, the author singles out the problem of incomplete fiscal performance due to insufficient tax discipline arising from a low level of tax culture. The author offers a proprietary interpretation of the factors influencing the specific actions of tax decision makers. From the point of view of tax culture, they are divided into factions that make up the tax culture, factions formed and determined by the prevailing tax culture, and others developed under the influence of alternate circumstances. The author considers the most complete and logical understanding of tax culture to be the level of citizen awareness of the importance of taxes as a source of financing the existence of the state and the performance of its functions. With this interpretation, it is justified to assume that citizens compare the degree of decline in their levels and quality of life due to their taxes, and increases in the quality of their lives by means of the implementation of social and other public functions. The prevalence of the latter leads to increased tax disciplineand the former to its decrease. Although these assessments are always subjective, they can serve as bases for the formation of objective directions for improving the activities of tax authorities and educational institutions and, by extension, the tax discipline of citizens and the business community. The effects are economically measurable and long-term.

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