scholarly journals A New Look at Retest Learning in Older Adults: Learning in the Absence of Item-Specific Effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A Russo ◽  
Lixia Yang ◽  
Maureen J. Reed ◽  
Andrea J. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Conceptual Level ◽  
Perceptual Speed ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Psychometric Measures ◽  
New Look

We investigated retest learning (i.e., performance improvement through retest practice) in the absence of itemspecific effects (i.e., learning through memorizing or becoming familiar with specific items) with older adults. Thirty-one older adults (ages 60 – 82 years, M = 71.10, SD = 6.27) participated in an eight-session self-guided retest program. To eliminate item-specific effects, parallel versions of representative psychometric measures for Inductive Reasoning, Perceptual Speed, and Visual Attention were developed and administered across retest sessions. The results showed substantial non-item-specific retest learning, even controlling for anxiety, suggesting that retest learning in older adults can occur at a more conceptual level.

scholarly journals A New Look at Retest Learning in Older Adults: Learning in the Absence of Item-Specific Effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A Russo ◽  
Lixia Yang ◽  
Maureen J. Reed ◽  
Andrea J. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Conceptual Level ◽  
Perceptual Speed ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Psychometric Measures ◽  
New Look

We investigated retest learning (i.e., performance improvement through retest practice) in the absence of itemspecific effects (i.e., learning through memorizing or becoming familiar with specific items) with older adults. Thirty-one older adults (ages 60 – 82 years, M = 71.10, SD = 6.27) participated in an eight-session self-guided retest program. To eliminate item-specific effects, parallel versions of representative psychometric measures for Inductive Reasoning, Perceptual Speed, and Visual Attention were developed and administered across retest sessions. The results showed substantial non-item-specific retest learning, even controlling for anxiety, suggesting that retest learning in older adults can occur at a more conceptual level.

scholarly journals A New Look at Retest Learning in Older Adults: Learning in the Absence of Item-Specific Effects

2009 ◽  
Vol 64B (4) ◽  
pp. 470-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Yang ◽  
M. Reed ◽  
F. A. Russo ◽  
A. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
New Look

scholarly journals Allocation of visual attention in younger and older adults

1992 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan A. Hartley ◽  
James Kieley ◽  
Craig R. M. Mckenzie
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Visual Attention

scholarly journals Association of AKAP6 and MIR2113 with cognitive performance in a population based sample of older adults

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shea J. Andrews ◽  
Debjani Das ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey ◽  
Simon Easteal
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Perceptual Speed ◽  
Cognitive Domains

AbstractGenetic factors make a substantial contribution to inter-individual variability in cognitive function. A recent meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identified two loci, AKAP6 and MIR2113 that are associated with general cognitive function. Here, we extend this previous research by investigating the association of MIR2113 and AKAP6 with baseline and longitudinal nonlinear change across a broad spectrum of cognitive domains in community-based cohort of 1,570 older adults without dementia. Two SNPs, MIR211-rs10457441 and AKAP6-rs17522122 were genotyped in 1,570 non-demented older Australians of European ancestry, who were examined up to 4 times over 12 years. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine the association between AKAP6 and MIR2113 with cognitive performance in episodic memory, working memory, vocabulary, perceptual speed and reaction time at baseline and with linear and quadratic rates of change. AKAP6-rs17522122*T was associated with worse baseline performance in episodic memory, working memory, vocabulary and perceptual speed, but it was not associated with cognitive change in any domain. MIR2113-rs10457441*T was associated with accelerated decline in episodic memory. No other associations with baseline cognitive performance or with linear or quadratic rate or cognitive changes was observed for this SNP. These results confirm the previous finding that, AKAP6 is associated with performance across multiple cognitive domains at baseline but not with cognitive decline, while MIR2113 primarily affects the rate at which memory declines over time.

scholarly journals Visual Attention and Planning in Older Adults with and without Hearing Loss

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriane Teixeira ◽  
Amanda Bressanelli ◽  
Letícia Flores ◽  
Lilian Benin ◽  
Maira Olchik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Visual Attention

scholarly journals The Val/Met polymorphism of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene predicts decline in perceptual speed in older adults.

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 384-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Ghisletta ◽  
Lars Bäckman ◽  
Lars Bertram ◽  
Andreas Markus Brandmaier ◽  
Denis Gerstorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Perceptual Speed ◽  
Bdnf Gene ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Gender-Specific Effects in Cognition and Mobility Following Exercise in Older Adults at Risk for Dementia

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (5S) ◽  
pp. 617-618
Author(s):  
Narlon C. Boa Sorte Silva ◽  
Dawn P. Gill ◽  
Ashleigh De Cruz ◽  
Robert J. Petrella
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Gender Specific

Visual attention and self-regulation of driving among older adults

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozioma C. Okonkwo ◽  
Michael Crowe ◽  
Virginia G. Wadley ◽  
Karlene Ball
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Older Drivers ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Crash Risk

ABSTRACTBackground: With the number of older drivers increasing, self-regulation of driving has been proposed as a viable means of balancing the autonomy of older adults against the sometimes competing demand of public safety. In this study, we investigate self-regulation of driving among a group of older adults with varying functional abilities.Method: Participants in the study comprised 1,543 drivers aged 75 years or older. They completed an objective measure of visual attention from which crash risk was estimated, and self-report measures of driving avoidance, driving exposure, physical functioning, general health status, and vision. Crash records were obtained from the State Department of Public Safety.Results: Overall, participants were most likely to avoid driving in bad weather followed by driving at night, driving on high traffic roads, driving in unfamiliar areas, and making left-hand turns across oncoming traffic. With the exception of driving at night, drivers at higher risk of crashes generally reported greater avoidance of these driving situations than lower risk drivers. However, across all driving situations a significant proportion of higher risk drivers did not restrict their driving. In general, self-regulation of driving did not result in reduced social engagement.Conclusion: Some older drivers with visual attention impairments do not restrict their driving in difficult situations. There is a need for physicians and family members to discuss driving behaviors with older adults routinely to ensure their safety. The association between visual attention and driving restriction also has implications for interventions aimed at preserving mobility in the elderly.

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