scholarly journals Effective Capacity and Interference Analysis in Multiband Dynamic Spectrum Sensing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lian Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
State Transition ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Radio Channel ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Analytical Form ◽  
Effective Capacity ◽  
Channel Sensing ◽  
Variable Power ◽  
State Transition Model

In this paper, the performance of multichannel transmission in cognitive radio is studied. Both QoS constraints and interference limitations are considered. The activities of the primary users (PU)s are initially detected by cognitive users (CU)s who perform sensing process over multiple channels. They transmit in a single channel at variable power and rates depending on the channel sensing decisions and the fading environment. The cognitive operation is modeled as a state transition model in which all possible scenarios are studied. The QoS constraint of the cognitive users is investigated through statistical analysis. Analytical form for the effective capacity of the cognitive radio channel is found. Optimal power allocation and optimal channel selection criterion are obtained. Impact of several parameters on the transmission performance, as channel sensing parameters, number of available channels, fading and other, are identified through numerical example.

scholarly journals Effective Capacity and Interference Analysis in Multiband Dynamic Spectrum Sensing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lian Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
State Transition ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Radio Channel ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Analytical Form ◽  
Effective Capacity ◽  
Channel Sensing ◽  
Variable Power ◽  
State Transition Model

In this paper, the performance of multichannel transmission in cognitive radio is studied. Both QoS constraints and interference limitations are considered. The activities of the primary users (PU)s are initially detected by cognitive users (CU)s who perform sensing process over multiple channels. They transmit in a single channel at variable power and rates depending on the channel sensing decisions and the fading environment. The cognitive operation is modeled as a state transition model in which all possible scenarios are studied. The QoS constraint of the cognitive users is investigated through statistical analysis. Analytical form for the effective capacity of the cognitive radio channel is found. Optimal power allocation and optimal channel selection criterion are obtained. Impact of several parameters on the transmission performance, as channel sensing parameters, number of available channels, fading and other, are identified through numerical example.

scholarly journals Multi-Winner Spectrum Allocation in Cognitive Radio Networks: A Single-Sided Auction Theoretic Modelling Approach with Sequential Bidding

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 602
Author(s):  
Monisha Devi ◽  
Nityananda Sarma ◽  
Sanjib K. Deka
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Spectrum Sharing ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
Radio Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Allocation ◽  
Allocation Mechanism ◽  
Sealed Bid ◽  
Sequential Bidding

Cognitive radio (CR) has evolved as a novel technology for overcoming the spectrum-scarcity problem in wireless communication networks. With its opportunistic behaviour for improving the spectrum-usage efficiency, CR enables the desired secondary users (SUs) to dynamically utilize the idle spectrum owned by primary users. On sensing the spectrum to identify the idle frequency bands, proper spectrum-allocation mechanisms need to be designed to provide an effectual use of the radio resource. In this paper, we propose a single-sided sealed-bid sequential-bidding-based auction framework that extends the channel-reuse property in a spectrum-allocation mechanism to efficiently redistribute the unused channels. Existing auction designs primarily aim at maximizing the auctioneer’s revenue, due to which certain CR constraints remain excluded in their models. We address two such constraints, viz. the dynamics in spectrum opportunities and varying availability time of vacant channels, and formulate an allocation problem that maximizes the utilization of the radio spectrum. The auctioneer strategises winner determination based on bids collected from SUs and sequentially leases the unused channels, while restricting the channel assignment to a single-channel-multi-user allocation. To model the spectrum-sharing mechanism, we initially developed a group-formation algorithm that enables the members of a group to access a common channel. Furthermore, the spectrum-allocation and pricing algorithms are operated under constrained circumstances, which guarantees truthfulness in the model. An analysis of the simulation results and comparison with existing auction models revealed the effectiveness of the proposed approach in assigning the unexploited spectrum.

scholarly journals Exploring the Cost Effectiveness of Shared Decision Making for Choosing between Disease-Modifying Drugs for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis in the Netherlands: A State Transition Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1003-1019
Author(s):  
Ingrid E. H. Kremer ◽  
Mickael Hiligsmann ◽  
Josh Carlson ◽  
Marita Zimmermann ◽  
Peter J. Jongen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
State Transition ◽  
Transition Model ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
State Transition Model ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Background Up to 31% of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) discontinue treatment with disease-modifying drug (DMD) within the first year, and of the patients who do continue, about 40% are nonadherent. Shared decision making may decrease nonadherence and discontinuation rates, but evidence in the context of RRMS is limited. Shared decision making may, however, come at additional costs. This study aimed to explore the potential cost-effectiveness of shared decision making for RRMS in comparison with usual care, from a (limited) societal perspective over a lifetime. Methods An exploratory economic evaluation was conducted by adapting a previously developed state transition model that evaluates the cost-effectiveness of a range of DMDs for RRMS in comparison with the best supportive care. Three potential effects of shared decision making were explored: 1) a change in the initial DMD chosen, 2) a decrease in the patient’s discontinuation in using the DMD, and 3) an increase in adherence to the DMD. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses of a scenario that combined the 3 effects were conducted. Results Each effect separately and the 3 effects combined resulted in higher quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and costs due to the increased utilization of DMD. A decrease in discontinuation of DMDs influenced the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) most. The combined scenario resulted in an ICER of €17,875 per QALY gained. The ICER was sensitive to changes in several parameters. Conclusion This study suggests that shared decision making for DMDs could potentially be cost-effective, especially if shared decision making would help to decrease treatment discontinuation. Our results, however, may depend on the assumed effects on treatment choice, persistence, and adherence, which are actually largely unknown.

Experience with Formal Specifications Using an Extended State Transition Model

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 2506-2513 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bochmann ◽  
E. Cerny ◽  
M. Gagne ◽  
C. Jard ◽  
A. Leveille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Transition ◽  
Transition Model ◽  
Formal Specifications ◽  
Extended State ◽  
State Transition Model
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