scholarly journals Sedimentary fluxes of trace metals, radioisotopes and greenhouse gases in the southwestern Baltic Sea Cruise No. AL543, 23.08.2020 – 28.08.2020, Kiel – Kiel - SEDITRACE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Redox Conditions ◽  
Element Cycling ◽  
Original Plan ◽  
Kiel Bight ◽  
Sediment Sampling ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

R/V Alkor Cruise AL543 was planned as a six-day cruise with a program of water column and sediment sampling in Kiel Bight and the western Baltic Sea. Due to restrictions related to the Covid-19 pandemic, the original plan had to be changed and the cruise was realized as six oneday cruises with sampling in Kiel Bight exclusively. The first day was dedicated to water column and sediment sampling for radionuclide analyses at Boknis Eck and Mittelgrund in Eckernförde Bay. On the remaining five days, water column, bottom water, sediment and pore water samples were collected at eleven stations covering different types of seafloor environment (grain size, redox conditions) in western Kiel Bight. The data and samples obtained on cruise AL543 will be used to investigate (i) the sedimentary cycling of bio-essential metals (e.g., nickel, zinc, and their isotopes) as a function of variable redox conditions, (ii) the impact of submarine groundwater discharge and diffusive benthic fluxes on the distribution of radium and radon as well as greenhouse gases (methane and nitrous oxide) in the water column, and (iii) to characterize and quantify the impact of coastal erosion on sedimentary iron, phosphorus and rare earth element cycling in Kiel Bight.

scholarly journals Detecting the Presence of Different Types of Oil in Seawater Using a Fluorometric Index

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 3774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Baszanowska ◽  
Zbigniew Otremba
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Real Situation ◽  
Excitation Emission Matrix ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Seawater Samples ◽  
Water Ratio

This study analyzed the fluorometric laboratory tests for the detection of the presence of oil in seawater in cases corresponding to the real situation in the sea: when the point of seawater sampling is not in the same place as the appropriate sensor. The phenomenon of fluorescence exhibited by both natural and alien substances (oil) in the sea was used. The possibility of oil detection in the water column based on a fluorometric index (FI) extracted from the excitation–emission matrix (EEM) was studied. Laboratory tests were carried out on water taken from the Gulf of Gdańsk (Baltic Sea). Seawater samples were contaminated with small amounts of various types of oil (the lowest oil-to-water ratio was 0.5 × 10−6). A statistically significant difference was found between FI values for uncontaminated seawater and seawater exposed to various kinds of oil (i.e., crude oils, lubricant oils, and fuels).

scholarly journals The fate of fixed nitrogen in marine sediments with low organic loading: an in situ study

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Bonaglia ◽  
Astrid Hylén ◽  
Jayne E. Rattray ◽  
Mikhail Y. Kononets ◽  
Nils Ekeroth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Fixed Nitrogen ◽  
Coastal Station ◽  
Solute Fluxes ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Over the last decades, the impact of human activities on the global nitrogen (N) cycle has drastically increased. Consequently, benthic N cycling has mainly been studied in anthropogenically impacted estuaries and coasts, while in oligotrophic systems its understanding is still scarce. Here we report on benthic solute fluxes and on rates of denitrification, anammox, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) studied by in situ incubations with benthic chamber landers during two cruises to the Gulf of Bothnia (GOB), a cold, oligotrophic basin located in the northern part of the Baltic Sea. Rates of N burial were also inferred to investigate the fate of fixed N in these sediments. Most of the total dissolved fixed nitrogen (TDN) diffusing to the water column was composed of organic N. Average rates of dinitrogen (N2) production by denitrification and anammox (range: 53–360 µmol N m−2 day−1) were comparable to those from Arctic and subarctic sediments worldwide (range: 34–344 µmol N m−2 day−1). Anammox accounted for 18–26 % of the total N2 production. Absence of free hydrogen sulfide and low concentrations of dissolved iron in sediment pore water suggested that denitrification and DNRA were driven by organic matter oxidation rather than chemolithotrophy. DNRA was as important as denitrification at a shallow, coastal station situated in the northern Bothnian Bay. At this pristine and fully oxygenated site, ammonium regeneration through DNRA contributed more than one-third to the TDN efflux and accounted, on average, for 45 % of total nitrate reduction. At the offshore stations, the proportion of DNRA in relation to denitrification was lower (0–16 % of total nitrate reduction). Median value and range of benthic DNRA rates from the GOB were comparable to those from the southern and central eutrophic Baltic Sea and other temperate estuaries and coasts in Europe. Therefore, our results contrast with the view that DNRA is negligible in cold and well-oxygenated sediments with low organic carbon loading. However, the mechanisms behind the variability in DNRA rates between our sites were not resolved. The GOB sediments were a major source (237 kt yr−1, which corresponds to 184 % of the external N load) of fixed N to the water column through recycling mechanisms. To our knowledge, our study is the first to document the simultaneous contribution of denitrification, DNRA, anammox, and TDN recycling combined with in situ measurements.

A Holocene history of dynamic water column redox conditions in the Landsort Deep, Baltic Sea

2016 ◽  
Vol 316 (8) ◽  
pp. 713-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Hardisty ◽  
N. Riedinger ◽  
N. J. Planavsky ◽  
D. Asael ◽  
T. Andren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Redox Conditions ◽  
History Of

After the flood: Impact of salt water intrusions on the isotope biogeochemistry of a rewetted coastal peatland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Winski ◽  
Benjamin Rach ◽  
Anna-K. Jenner ◽  
Julia Westphal ◽  
Iris Schmiedinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Research Front ◽  
Element Cycling ◽  
Southern Baltic Sea ◽  
Southern Baltic ◽  
Flooding Events ◽  
The Impact ◽  
J 64

<p><span>Land-ocean interactions in the coastal zone (LOICZ) are of particular interest regarding the exchange of water and elements, like nutrients, carbon, sulfur, and metals. </span><span>Processes impacting </span><span>groundwater</span><span> fluxes at these boundaries belong to the still unsolved problems in hydrology (Blöschl et al., 2019). </span><span>Stable isotope signatures (H, C, O, S), major and trace element contents in surface waters of a rewetted coastal peatland were investigated to understand the impact of storm-induced flooding by brackish seawater on hydrology and biogeochemical element cycling.</span></p><p><span>The study area is the Hütelmoor, a wetland located at the coastline of the southern Baltic Sea. The area is characterized by a continuous release of fresh water to the Baltic Sea via submarine groundwater discharge (Jurasinski et al., 2018). Surface water is partly drained to a nearby river, but the introduction of brackish waters into the peatland is typically precluded by a small dune and limited to storm-induced flooding events. In the present study, the spatially distributed composition of surface waters was investigated briefly after a flooding event. The results are compared with previous campaigns without actual salt water impact. </span></p><p><span>Conservative elements and water isotopes demonstrate the importance of seasonal variations due to varying evapotranspiration during pre-flood times and allow for a quantification of mixing processes in the post-flood waters. The impact of soil respired CO</span><sub><span>2</span></sub><span>, and/or the mineralization of organic matter or methane on the surface waters is indicated by a shift of the C isotope composition of DIC towards lighter data. The S and O isotopic composition of dissolved sulfate indicates an impact by solutions modified by net microbial sulfate reduction on pre-flood surface waters and a potential oxidation of reduced sulfur species in post-flooding solutions. </span></p><p><span>Previous flooding events already impacted element cycling in the peatland’s past and are also reflected by a sulfidization of peat layers (Fernández-Fernández et al., 2017) and the observation of local areas with enhanced dissolved concentrations in the central part of the peatland.</span></p><p><span>The study is supported by DFG during GK Baltic TRANSCOAST, DAAD, and Leibniz IOW.</span></p><p align="justify"> </p><p><span>References:</span></p><ul><li><span>Blöschl G. et al. (2019) Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) – a community perspective. Hydrol. Sci. J. 64, 1141-1158.</span></li> <li><span>Jurasinski G. et al. (2018) Understanding the coastal ecocline: Assessing sea-land-interactions at non-tidal, low-lying coasts through interdisciplinary research. Front. Mar. Sci. 5, 1-22</span><span>.</span></li> <li>Fernández-Fernández L.E. et al. <span>(2017) Sulfur isotope biogeochemistry of soils from an episodically flooded coastal wetland, southern Baltic Sea. Geophys. Res. Abs. 19, EGU2017-14335</span><span>.</span></li> </ul>

scholarly journals Landfast sea ice in the Bothnian Bay (Baltic Sea) as a temporary storage compartment for greenhouse gases

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N.-X. Geilfus ◽  
K. M. Munson ◽  
E. Eronen-Rasimus ◽  
H. Kaartokallio ◽  
M. Lemes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Landfast Sea Ice ◽  
Bothnian Bay

Although studies of biogeochemical processes in polar sea ice have been increasing, similar research on relatively warm low-salinity sea ice remains sparse. In this study, we investigated biogeochemical properties of the landfast sea ice cover in the brackish Bothnian Bay (Northern Baltic Sea) and the possible role of this sea ice in mediating the exchange of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) across the water column–sea ice–atmosphere interface. Observations of total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon in both landfast sea ice and the water column suggest that the carbonate system is mainly driven by salinity. While high CH4 and N2O concentrations were observed in both the water column (up to 14.3 and 17.5 nmol L–1, respectively) and the sea ice (up to 143.6 and 22.4 nmol L–1, respectively), these gases appear to be enriched in sea ice compared to the water column. This enrichment may be attributable to the sea ice formation process, which concentrates impurities within brine. As sea ice temperature and brine volume decrease, gas solubility decreases as well, promoting the formation of bubbles. Gas bubbles originating from underlying sediments may also be incorporated within the ice cover and contribute to the enrichment in sea ice. The fate of these greenhouse gases within the ice merits further research, as storage in this low-salinity seasonal sea ice is temporary.

Quota Women Are Threatening to Men

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klea Faniko ◽  
Till Burckhardt ◽  
Oriane Sarrasin ◽  
Fabio Lorenzi-Cioldi ◽  
Siri Øyslebø Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Preferential Treatment ◽  
Public Sector Employees ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Women In Decision Making ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Two studies carried out among Albanian public-sector employees examined the impact of different types of affirmative action policies (AAPs) on (counter)stereotypical perceptions of women in decision-making positions. Study 1 (N = 178) revealed that participants – especially women – perceived women in decision-making positions as more masculine (i.e., agentic) than feminine (i.e., communal). Study 2 (N = 239) showed that different types of AA had different effects on the attribution of gender stereotypes to AAP beneficiaries: Women benefiting from a quota policy were perceived as being more communal than agentic, while those benefiting from weak preferential treatment were perceived as being more agentic than communal. Furthermore, we examined how the belief that AAPs threaten men’s access to decision-making positions influenced the attribution of these traits to AAP beneficiaries. The results showed that men who reported high levels of perceived threat, as compared to men who reported low levels of perceived threat, attributed more communal than agentic traits to the beneficiaries of quotas. These findings suggest that AAPs may have created a backlash against its beneficiaries by emphasizing gender-stereotypical or counterstereotypical traits. Thus, the framing of AAPs, for instance, as a matter of enhancing organizational performance, in the process of policy making and implementation, may be a crucial tool to countering potential backlash.

ACCUMULATION OF PLASTIC FRAGMENTS AND MICROPLASTICS ON THE BEACHES IN THE SOUTH-EAST BALTIC SEA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilia Khatmullina ◽  
Lilia Khatmullina ◽  
Elena Esiukova ◽  
Elena Esiukova
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
The South ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Quantitative Distribution ◽  
Sediment Sampling ◽  
Beach Sediments ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
The Baltic

The sediment sampling from different areas of the beaches in the south-eastern part of the Baltic Sea (in Kaliningrad region) was executed for the purpose of studying the quantitative and qualitative composition of the microplastics particles (range 0.5-5 mm). Preference is given to those beaches that are exposed to maximum anthropogenic pollution. From June, 2015 to January, 2016, there were 14 expeditions along the coastline of the Baltic Sea (in Kaliningrad region) to collect experimental materials. The majority of samples were collected on the most recent flotsam deposited at “wracklines”, in the supralittoral zone. The primary examination of those samples revealed the presence of abundant microplastic particles of the required size range (0.5-5 mm). Quantitative distribution of microplastics in beach sediments was obtained in milligrams per gram of sediment and milligrams per m2: on average 0.05-2.89 (mg per gram of sediment) and 370-7330 (mg per m2), accordingly.

Situational Breakdowns

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Nassauer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Collective Decisions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

This book provides an account of how and why routine interactions break down and how such situational breakdowns lead to protest violence and other types of surprising social outcomes. It takes a close-up look at the dynamic processes of how situations unfold and compares their role to that of motivations, strategies, and other contextual factors. The book discusses factors that can draw us into violent situations and describes how and why we make uncommon individual and collective decisions. Covering different types of surprise outcomes from protest marches and uprisings turning violent to robbers failing to rob a store at gunpoint, it shows how unfolding situations can override our motivations and strategies and how emotions and culture, as well as rational thinking, still play a part in these events. The first chapters study protest violence in Germany and the United States from 1960 until 2010, taking a detailed look at what happens between the start of a protest and the eruption of violence or its peaceful conclusion. They compare the impact of such dynamics to the role of police strategies and culture, protesters’ claims and violent motivations, the black bloc and agents provocateurs. The analysis shows how violence is triggered, what determines its intensity, and which measures can avoid its outbreak. The book explores whether we find similar situational patterns leading to surprising outcomes in other types of small- and large-scale events: uprisings turning violent, such as Ferguson in 2014 and Baltimore in 2015, and failed armed store robberies.

scholarly journals A global analysis of the impact of COVID-19 stay-at-home restrictions on crime

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy E. Nivette ◽  
Renee Zahnow ◽  
Raul Aguilar ◽  
Andri Ahven ◽  
Shai Amram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Urban Crime ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Time Series Analyses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

AbstractThe stay-at-home restrictions to control the spread of COVID-19 led to unparalleled sudden change in daily life, but it is unclear how they affected urban crime globally. We collected data on daily counts of crime in 27 cities across 23 countries in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East and Asia. We conducted interrupted time series analyses to assess the impact of stay-at-home restrictions on different types of crime in each city. Our findings show that the stay-at-home policies were associated with a considerable drop in urban crime, but with substantial variation across cities and types of crime. Meta-regression results showed that more stringent restrictions over movement in public space were predictive of larger declines in crime.

Comprehensive Effects of Short-Term Rental Platforms Across Hotel Types in U.S. and International Destinations

2021 ◽  
pp. 193896552110335
Author(s):  
John W. O’Neill ◽  
Jihwan Yeon
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Competitive Market ◽  
Substitution Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hotel Performance ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Location Type ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, short-term rental platforms in the lodging sector, including Airbnb, VRBO, and HomeAway, have received extensive attention and emerged as potentially alternative suppliers of services traditionally provided by established commercial accommodation providers, that is, hotels. Short-term rentals have dramatically increased the available supply of rooms for visitors to multiple international destinations, potentially siphoning demand away from hotels to short-term rental businesses. In a competitive market, an increase in supply with constant demand would negatively influence incumbent service providers. In this article, we examine the substitution effects of short-term rental supply on hotel performance in different cities around the world. Specifically, we comprehensively investigate the substitution effects of short-term rental supply on hotel performance based on hotel class, location type, and region. Furthermore, we segment the short-term rental supply based on its types of accommodations, that is, shared rooms, private rooms, and entire homes, and both examine and quantify the differential effects of these types of short-term rentals on different types of hotels. This study offers a comprehensive analysis regarding the impact of multiple short-term rental platforms on hotel performance and offers both conceptual and practical insights regarding the nature and extent of the effects that were identified.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document