scholarly journals Increased anxiety of public situations during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from a community and a patient sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Pittig ◽  
Valentina M. Glück ◽  
Juliane M. Boschet ◽  
Alex H. K. Wong ◽  
Paula Engelke
Keyword(s):  
Community Sample ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Patient Sample ◽  
Situational Anxiety ◽  
Control Situations ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Very High ◽  
Representative Samples ◽  
Direct Change

Background Increases in emotional distress in response to the global outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic have been reported. So far, little is known about how anxiety responses in specific everyday public life situations have been affected. Method Self-reported anxiety in selected public situations, which are relevant in the COVID-19 pandemic, was investigated in non-representative samples from the community (n = 352) and patients undergoing psychotherapy (n = 228). Situational anxiety in each situation was rated on a 5-point Likert scale (0 = no anxiety at all to 4 = very strong anxiety). Situational anxiety during the pandemic was compared with retrospectively reported situational anxiety before the pandemic (direct change) and with anxiety levels in a matched sample assessed before the pandemic (n = 100; indirect change). Results In the community and patient sample, indirect and direct change analyses demonstrated an increase in anxiety in relevant public situations but not in control situations. Average anxiety levels during the pandemic were moderate, but 5-28% of participants reported high to very high levels of anxiety in specific situations. Interestingly, the direct increase in anxiety levels was higher in the community sample: patients reported higher anxiety levels than the community sample before, but not during the pandemic. Finally, a higher increase in situational anxiety was associated with a higher perceived danger of COVID-19, a higher perceived likelihood of contracting COVID-19, and stronger symptoms of general anxiety and stress. Conclusions Preliminary findings demonstrate an increase in anxiety in public situations during the COVID-19 pandemic in a community and a patient sample. Moderate anxiety may facilitate compliance with public safety measures. However, high anxiety levels may result in persistent impairments and should be monitored during the pandemic.

Trait and State Anxiety in People Who Stutter and People Who Do Not Stutter

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Palasik ◽  
Farzan Irani ◽  
Alexander M. Goberman
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Recording Session ◽  
Situational Anxiety ◽  
Trait And State Anxiety ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Previous research suggests that people who stutter (PWS) tend to have heightened general anxiety (i.e., trait anxiety) and situational anxiety (i.e., state anxiety) compared to people who do not stutter (PWDS). Most research with anxiety and stuttering utilizes self-perception scales; however, few studies have looked at anxiety over time. The current study examined self-reported state and trait anxiety in PWS and PWDS over six weeks, along with an investigation of the effects of audio-recording on anxiety. Results indicated no significant group differences in trait (general) anxiety over six weeks; however trends indicated that PWS may have increased trait anxiety compared to PWDS. Furthermore, for both groups, state (situational) anxiety was lower after a recording session compared to before.

The Effectiveness of Family Support on Pregnancy related to Anxiety at Kepanjenkidul Primary Care in Blitar

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-181
Author(s):  
Regina Firda Unzila ◽  
Ika Agustina
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Family Support ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
The Family ◽  
Anxiety Levels

Pregnancy Related Anxiety  (PRA) is an anxiety felt by pregnant woman related to pregnancy. PRA is different from the general anxiety felt during pregnancy, and contributing to a greater risk of preterm birth. According to the survey at Kepanjenkidul Primary Care in Blitar City, there were 7 cases of preterm birth during 2017-2018. Family support could reduce the risk of PRA. Family support could make pregnant women calmer and relaxed during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of family support on the level of PRA at Kepanjenkidul Primary Care in Blitar. The study design was cross sectional, involved 50 respondents, chosen by accidental sampling. The data collected by PRAQ-R2 questionnaire used to measure PRA levels while social support questionnaire used to measure the support of family. The data was analyzed with Kendall’s Tau. The results of the study showed that there was an effect of family support with anxiety levels by p value of 0.0001 <α 0.05. The study concluded there was an effect of family support on the level of pregnancy related to anxiety. The family supports could decrease the risk of pregnancy related to anxiety.

scholarly journals A new role for Biofoundries in rapid prototyping, development, and validation of automated clinical diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Crone ◽  
Miles Priestman ◽  
Marta Ciechonska ◽  
Kirsten Jensen ◽  
David Sharp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Sample ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Patient Sample ◽  
Sample Testing ◽  
The Uk

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has shown how the rapid rise in demand for patient and community sample testing, required for tracing and containing a highly infectious disease, has quickly overwhelmed testing capability globally. With most diagnostic infrastructure dependent on specialised instruments, their exclusive reagent supplies quickly become bottlenecks in times of peak demand, creating an urgent need for novel approaches to boost testing capacity. We address this challenge by refocusing the full synthetic biology stack available at the London Biofoundry onto the development of alternative patient sample testing pipelines. We present a reagent-agnostic automated SARS-CoV-2 testing platform that can be quickly deployed and scaled, and that accepts a diverse range of reagents. Using an in-house-generated, open-source, MS2-virus-like-particle-SARS-CoV-2 standard, we validate RNA extraction and RT-qPCR workflows as well as two novel detection assays based on CRISPR-Cas and Loop-mediated isothermal Amplification (LAMP) approaches. In collaboration with an NHS diagnostic testing lab, we report the performance of the overall workflow and benchmark SARS-CoV-2 detection in patient samples via RT-qPCR, CRISPR-Cas, and LAMP against clinical test sets. The validated RNA extraction and RT-qPCR platform has been installed in NHS diagnostic labs and now contributes to increased patient sample processing in the UK while we continue to refine and develop novel high-throughput diagnostic methods. Finally, our workflows and protocols can be quickly implemented and adapted by members of the Global Biofoundry Alliance and the wider scientific and medical diagnostics community.

scholarly journals The Study of Co2 Concentration in A Classroom During The Covid-19 Safety Measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Jurgis Zemitis ◽  
Raimonds Bogdanovics ◽  
Snezana Bogdanovica
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Closed Set ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Safety Procedures ◽  
Very High

The COVID-19 crisis has affected the process of how the study procedures are organized at schools in Latvia. Three different options were available for the school to choose from. However, most schools have opted for option A which states that the classes are organized face-to-face but various safety measures must be ensured. Each class or group is equated to a closed set where there are no distance requirements. In turn, the distance between the classes must be observed. This means that students stay in the same class all day and are accompanied by teachers of the respective classes. This can lead to improper ventilation as for most of the schools in Latvia it is organized through the opening of windows. To test this, measurements of CO2 concentration were done in a classroom Secondary School in Daugavpils. The results showed that the CO2 concentration was very high and often reached and exceeded the maximum measuring capacity of the device - 4000 ppm. It indicates that following the special safety procedures cause a negative effect on IAQ as the classrooms are not properly ventilated. This can lead to a drop in the performance of pupils as well as stimulate the transmission of other infectious diseases. Further measurements are necessary to gather data from different schools and best practices must be found.

scholarly journals Lifestyle and psychosocial factors in musicians

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-316
Author(s):  
Sebastian Nedelcut ◽  
Daniel-Corneliu Leucuta ◽  
Dan Lucian Dumitrascu
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
Control Population ◽  
Music Students ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Music Performance Anxiety ◽  
Professional Challenges ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Lifestyle Patterns

Background and aim. Musicians face professional challenges that may lead them to adopt unhealthy lifestyles. They also may present performance-related anxiety. We investigated anxiety and lifestyle patterns in musicians, both professional and trainees.Methods. A prospective controlled protocol was developed. Musicians (employed or students) and matched controls (also employed and students) were surveyed with several questionnaires on lifestyle and some psychological factors: anxiety and music performance anxiety.Results. General anxiety and music performance anxiety are higher in music students compared with trained musicians. Musicians have also higher anxiety scores than their matched controls. Soloists have higher scores of anxiety, also percussion and keyboard students. Musicians smoke less than controls, but sleep also less, a factor perceived as an index for stress. BMI was also higher in musicians.Conclusions. Performing music is associated with anxiety levels that are higher than in control population. Trainees have higher scores than the employed musicians.

Correlation between anxiety and chronic motion sensitivity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ahmad A. Alharbi ◽  
Eric G. Johnson ◽  
Abdulaziz A. Albalwi ◽  
Oluwaseun I. Ambode ◽  
Tim K. Cordett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Motion Sensitivity ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Anxiety Levels

BACKGROUND: Chronic motion sensitivity (CMS) is a combination of autonomic symptoms provoked by exposure to motion. The correlation between anxiety and CMS is not yet well understood. OBJECTIVES: 1) To compare median anxiety levels between young adults with and without CMS. 2) To examine the effect of anxiety on postural stability with immersion virtual reality. 3) To compare anxiety levels between sexes. METHODS: Participants included 60 adults (20–40 years), with and without CMS. After determining their current and general anxiety levels, postural stability was measured. RESULTS: There were significant differences in median (minimum, maximum) state- and trait-anxiety scores between participants with and without CMS, but no significant differences in median state- and trait-anxiety scores between males and females with CMS. There was a significant inverse relationship between state- and trait-anxiety scores and postural stability (ρ= –0.28, p = 0.03, and ρ= –0.32, p = 0.01, respectively). The stepwise regression analysis showed the Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire-Short Form score to be the only variable contributing significantly to postural stability (R2  = 26.2%; t = –4.5, p <  0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Young adults with CMS are more anxious, although anxiety does not contribute to postural stability in this group. Anxiety levels do not appear to differ between young adult males and females with CMS.

Bioenergy II: Suitability of Wood Chips and Various Biomass Types for Use in Plant of BtL Production by Gasification

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Capucine Dupont ◽  
Sylvie Rougé ◽  
Alain Berthelot ◽  
Denilson Da Silva Perez ◽  
Ambroise Graffin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Characterization Study ◽  
Large Particles ◽  
Entrained Flow Reactor ◽  
Very High ◽  
Representative Samples

A characterization study has been performed of the French regional resources that may be used in Biomass-to-Liquid plants based on gasification in entrained-flow reactor. It is based on about 90 representative samples of wood chips from forestry, Short Rotation Coppice (SRC) and Short Rotation Forestry (SRF) and of agricultural biomass, including straws and energy crops. Results show that there is not much variability in properties inside the different families. The majority of properties do not seem to be problematical for the process. However, some properties may be questionable: (i) wood chips size distribution, with many small particles ( below 2 mm) and very large particles (above 70 mm), (ii) bulk density, which is very low in agricultural products (about 100 kg.m-3), (iii) sulphur, fluorine and chlorine contents, which are high, especially chlorine in agricultural straws (1000-8000 mg/kg) (iv) other impurities amounts, such as Ni and B, which are in relatively high amounts in some samples (v) ash content, which is high in SRC/SRF (3 wmf%) and very high in most agricultural raw materials (5 wmf%). Based on these statements, first conclusions on the suitability between feedstock and process may be drawn. Wood chips from forestry appear as the most suitable resource for the process and should be the first resource to be used in industrial plants. SRC/SRF also seem quite suitable for the process and may be seen as a short-term alternative. Agricultural raw materials seem to be more problematical and may be seen as a mid-term option.

scholarly journals Swiss University Students’ Risk Perception and General Anxiety during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Dratva ◽  
Annina Zysset ◽  
Nadine Schlatter ◽  
Agnes von Wyl ◽  
Marion Huber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
University Of Applied Sciences ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Severe Anxiety

University students were confronted with abrupt changes to their daily lives by the COVID-19 lock-down. We investigated Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) and anxiety levels, and the association between perceived impact on well-being, studies, and daily lives and anxiety levels, adjusted for gender, age, social class and affiliation. Early in the lock-down all students of the Zurich University of Applied Sciences (N = 12,429) were invited to a voluntary longitudinal health survey. Participation rate was 20% (n = 2437): 70% females, median age 25 yrs. (IQR 23–28). A total of 10% reported a deterioration of well-being compared to pre-Corona. LCA yielded three classes varying in perceived COVID-19 impact: 1 (low, n = 675), 2 (moderate, n = 1098), and 3 (strong, n = 656). Adjusted proportion of moderate to severe anxiety by class were 45% (95% CI: 28.0–62.0), 15.5% (95% CI: 13.1–17.9), and 5.1% (95% CI: 4.7–5.6), respectively. Multivariate regression analyses yielded an OR for moderate to severe anxiety of 3.88 (95% CI: 2.5–6.0, class 2) and 22.43 (95% CI: 14.5–34.6, class 3) compared to class-1. The investigated association implies that containment measures have a selective effect on anxiety in students. The diversity of students’ perception and associated anxiety should be monitored and considered in future response to pandemics.

scholarly journals A Concise Review and Required Precautions for COVID-19 Outbreak in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ali Kord ◽  
Behnam Rabiee ◽  
Siwen Wang ◽  
Sara Rostami ◽  
Ron C. Gaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interventional Radiology ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
World Health ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Very High

A global outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia began in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization (WHO) announced a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The rapid rise in the case numbers and mortality led to the saturation of hospitals in many countries. COVID-19 patients usually present with fever, fatigue, dry cough, and dyspnea. Given the shortage of diagnostic kits in many countries and very high sensitivity of computed tomography (CT) for diagnosis of COVID-19 in clinically suspicious patients, the chest CT has been implemented among the primary initial methods of diagnosis before the confirmatory laboratory tests. This puts radiologists and radiology staff on the front line of this alarming pandemic. This report summarizes chest CT findings of COVID-19 patients to facilitate diagnosis and reviews a list of necessary precautions and safety measures for diagnostic and interventional radiology personnel. These precautionary plans are extremely important to avoid contamination of the health-care providers, as well as cross-contamination between patients.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document