scholarly journals Compensating for Family Disadvantage: An Analysis of the Effects of Boarding School on Chinese Students' Academic Achievement

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-57
Author(s):  
Minda Tan ◽  
Katerina Bodovski
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Hierarchical Models ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Education Equity ◽  
Mathematics Tests ◽  
8Th Grade ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Better Than

China implemented a policy to improve education equity through investing in boarding programs of public schools in rural and less-developed areas. However, this policy has not been informed by empirical research in the Chinese context. By using the nationally representative longitudinal data, this study investigates whether and to what extent boarding schools compensate for children's family disadvantages in terms of mathematics and reading achievement. The findings, drawn from multilevel logistic regression and hierarchical models, indicate that students from low-SES families or rural areas tend to board at schools. Boarding students performed better than day students in 8th-grade mathematics tests. Among students with essential needs, those residing at school during the week significantly benefitted in their school performance in both subjects. Overall, it appears that governmental investment in boarding programs can, to some extent, compensate for some family disadvantages.

scholarly journals A Tele-Visit Nutrition Intervention Promoting Consumption of Healthy Foods and Beverages Among Adolescents Attending Rural Public Schools

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1350-1350
Author(s):  
Sabrina Spencer ◽  
Christi Arthur ◽  
Joshua Phelps ◽  
Reza Hakkak
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Before And After ◽  
8Th Grade ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Sugary Beverages

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this project was to assess dietary changes related to fruit, vegetable, sugary beverage, and caffeinated beverage intakes among adolescent participants attending rural public schools who received nutrition intervention via tele-visits. Methods Students 5th–8th grade from six public schools in rural areas of Arkansas voluntarily participated in a tele-visit nutrition education intervention. Students had the opportunity to participate in up to seven tele-visit sessions over a 6-month period. Each tele-visit consisted of a 20-minute one-on-one session addressing a specific nutrition-related topic. A 16-item retrospective questionnaire assessed dietary behaviors After then Before the intervention. Wilcoxon signed-rank and exact sign tests determined if there were statistically significant differences between the number of days per week fruits, vegetables, sugary beverages, caffeinated beverages, milk, and water were consumed Before and After intervention. Results Data from 29 participants revealed a statistically significant (P = 0.03) median increase (+1.00 day/week) in drinking 8 glasses of water per day After completion of the intervention (4.00 days/week) compared to Before the intervention (3.00 days/week). While not statistically significant (P > 0.05), other results indicated participants experienced positive changes in dietary habits, such as decreased frequency of soda (41% of participants), and sweet tea (41% of participants) consumption, and increased frequency of fruit (41% of participants) and vegetable (28% of participants) consumption. Conclusions While majority of results were not statistically significant, they demonstrated practical relevance among participants through positive changes in dietary habits. Use of tele-visits to reach adolescent populations in rural areas is worth further exploration, as positive changes during this age may have potential to carry-over into adulthood. Funding Sources Telehealth Network Grant Program.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF WORK CULTURE OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF SOUTHERN PUNJAB

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qamar ul Hassan, Mirajud Din, Mazhar Gul
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Work Culture ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Better Than

The aim of the study was the work culture of public and private secondary schools of southern Punjab. The main objective of the study was to know the work culture of the public and private secondary schools of southern Punjab concerning school performance and teamwork. The study adopted a quantitative design and survey method for data collection. The population of the study has consisted of 40940 teachers of southern Punjab. 471 teachers were selected by using simple random sampling. A valid and reliable research tool was used for data collection. The researcher personally visited the high school of both the sector for the intentions of data collection from sampled teachers. The gathered data were fed in the SPSS matrix sheet. The fed data were analyzed by using statistics i.e. mean, standard deviation, and independent t-test. It was found that public schools culture better than private schools in terms of school performance and teamwork. Therefore it was further concluded that public schools possessed familiar work culture than private in the southern area of Punjab.

scholarly journals Aiming for Efficiency Rather than Proficiency

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Neal
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
No Child Left Behind ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Relative Performance ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Student Background ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Better Than

The No Child Left Behind law is flawed for many reasons, but the most important is that it is built around proficiency targets. Proficiency rates are not useful metrics of school performance because universal proficiency is not a socially efficient goal for principals and teachers. Further, the variation in proficiency rates among schools reflects, in large part, interschool differences in student background characteristics. The designers of accountability systems must move away from systems designed around a one-size-fits-all standard and begin designing systems that organize and promote competition among schools. Well-organized competition among schools is the best vehicle for making sure that schools use public funds efficiently. If education officials pursue this paradigm, they must develop relative performance measures that assess the outcomes of these contests while making reasonable allowance for differences in student populations served by public schools. I will discuss a method for deriving context-specific measures of school performance. A percentile performance index tells public officials how often the students in a particular school or classroom perform better than students in other schools who began the year in similar circumstances with respect to their prior achievements, the compositions of their classmates, and their family backgrounds. This index of relative performance provides the information policymakers need to make preliminary judgments concerning when to reorganize a given school and give a new staff the opportunity to prove they can do better.

PROSPEK PENGEMBANGAN PONDOK PESANTREN KECAMATAN MALANGKE KABUPATEN LUWU

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Yunus Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Boarding Schools ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
National Education ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
National Education System ◽  
Teachers And Students

AbstrakPola Strategi pengembangan Pondok Pesantren di Malangke, strategi pengembangan pesantren adalah cara atau srategi yang digunakan oleh wadah atau tempat guna proses suatu perubahan berencana yang memerlukan dukungan semua pihak, anatara lain Kepala, staff, guru, dan siswa dengan perubahan-perubahan itu diharapkan dapat mengembangkan dan meningkatkan lembaga pendidikan, yang memerlukan usaha jangka pendek, menengah, dan panjang guna menghadapi perubahan yang akan terjadi pada masa mendatang. Peluang dan tangan pengembangan Pesantren di Luwu Utara,  terdapat Undang-undang Nomor 20 tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional, yang beberapa pasalnya menekankan penyelenggaraan pendidikan keagamaan, seperti, pasal 30 ayat (1) dan Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) Nomor 55 Tahun 2007 tentang Pendidikan Agama dan Pendidikan Keagamaan pada pasal 1 ayat (2) tentang Pendidikan Agama dan Pendidikan Keagamaan yang didalamnya secara tegas dikemukakan bahwa pondok pesantren menyelenggarakan pendidikan diniyah pada tingkat dasar dan menengah, tergolong dalam sub sistem pendidikan Nasional di Indonesia yang bertujuan untuk mencerdaskan bangsa, menjadikan manusia yang beriman dan bertaqwa kepada Tuhan yang Maha Esa, berakhlak mulia, sehat, berilmu, cakap, kreatif, mandiri dan menajdi warga negara yang demokratis serta bertanggung jawab. Sedangkan tantangan ada beberapa hambatan 1)Sistem kurikulum yang lebih modern, sehingga pesantren ketinggalan jauh dari sekolah umum, 2) Kurangnya anggaran dan sumber pendanaan disebabkan oleh kurang siswa. 3) adanya sebagian orang tua tidak tertarik menyekolahkan anak di sekolah Pesantren.Kata kunci:      Pengembangan, Pondok Pesantren As’addiyah.  AbstractThe pattern of the development of Islamic boarding schools in Malangke, the strategy of developing pesantren is the method or strategy used by the place or place for the process of planning changes that require the support of all parties, among others, the Head, staff, teachers and students are expected to develop and improving educational institutions, which require short, medium and long-term efforts to deal with changes that will occur in the future. Opportunities and hands for the development of Islamic boarding schools in North Luwu, there is Law Number 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System, some of which emphasize the implementation of religious education, such as article 30 paragraph (1) and Government Regulation (PP) Number 55 of 2007 concerning Education Religion and Religious Education in Article 1 paragraph (2) concerning Religious Education and Religious Education in which it is expressly stated that Islamic boarding schools conduct early childhood education at the elementary and secondary levels, belonging to the national education sub-system in Indonesia which aims to educate the nation, make humans who have faith and devotion to the Almighty God, are noble, healthy, knowledgeable, capable, creative, independent and become a democratic and responsible citizen. While the challenges are several obstacles 1) A more modern curriculum system, so that pesantren lag far behind public schools, 2) The lack of budgets and funding sources is caused by lack of students. 3) there are some parents who are not interested in sending their children to school in Islamic boarding schools.Keywords:        Development, As'addiyah Islamic Boarding School.

scholarly journals Determinants of COVID-19 preventive behaviours among adults with chronic diseases in the USA: an analysis of the nationally representative COVID-19 impact survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e044600
Author(s):  
Jessica Y. Islam ◽  
Denise C. Vidot ◽  
Marlene Camacho-Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
High School Degree ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nationally Representative

BackgroundPreventive behaviours have been recommended to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Adults with chronic diseases (CDs) are at higher risk of COVID-19-related mortality compared to the general population. Our objective was to evaluate adherence to COVID-19 preventive behaviours among adults without CDs compared with those with CDs and identify determinants of non-adherence to COVID-19 preventive behaviours.Study designCross-sectional.Setting and participantsWe used data from the nationally representative COVID-19 Impact Survey (n=10 760) conducted in the USA.Primary measuresAdults with CDs were categorised based on a self-reported diagnosis of diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease/heart attack/stroke, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchitis or emphysema, cystic fibrosis, liver disease, compromised immune system, or cancer (54%).ResultsCompared with adults without CDs, adults with CDs were more likely to adhere to preventive behaviours including wearing a face mask (χ2-p<0.001), social distancing (χ2-p<0.001), washing or sanitising hands (χ2-p<0.001), and avoiding some or all restaurants (χ2-p=0.002) and public or crowded places (χ2-p=0.001). Adults with a high school degree or below [Adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR):1.82, 95% Confidence interval (CI)1.04 to 3.17], household income <US$50 000 (aPR:2.03, 95% CI 1.34 to 2.72), uninsured (aPR:1.65, 95% CI1.09 to 2.52), employed (aPR:1.48, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.17), residing in rural areas (aPR:1.70, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.85) and without any CD (aPR:1.78, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.55) were more likely to not adhere to COVID-19 preventive behaviours.ConclusionAdults with CDs are more likely to adhere to recommended COVID-19 preventive behaviours. Public health messaging targeting specific demographic groups and geographic areas, such as adults without CD or adults living in rural areas, should be prioritised.

Prevalence and Correlates of Gray Market Use for Aging and Dementia Long-Term Care in the U.S

2021 ◽  
pp. 073346482110236
Author(s):  
Regina A. Shih ◽  
Esther M. Friedman ◽  
Emily K. Chen ◽  
Grace C. Whiting
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Unpaid Care ◽  
Gray Market ◽  
Sociodemographic Correlates ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
National Prevalence ◽  
The U.S

Objectives To estimate the national prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of gray market utilization, consisting of paid providers who are unrelated to the recipient, not working for a regulated agency, and potentially unscreened and untrained, for aging and dementia-related long-term care. Methods We surveyed a nationally representative sample of 1,037 American Life Panel respondents aged 18 years and older. Results Nearly a third of Americans who arranged paid care sought gray market care for persons with dementia, and most (65%) combined it with unpaid care. Respondents who arranged gray market care had 66% lower odds of currently working, and those living in rural areas had an almost 5-times higher odds of arranging dementia gray market care. Discussion Gray market care represents a substantial proportion of paid, long-term care for older adults and may fill gaps in access to care.

scholarly journals Household Vulnerability to Food Insecurity in Rural South Africa: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Survey Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1917
Author(s):  
Sandile Mthethwa ◽  
Edilegnaw Wale
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Rural Household ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Household Vulnerability ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Vulnerable Households

Using a nationally representative dataset from rural areas in South Africa, the study examines vulnerability to food insecurity using the Vulnerability as Expected Poverty framework. The dataset used was large and comprehensive to develop robust profiles of vulnerable households. This is executed employing the sustainable livelihoods framework. The findings show that human and financial capital plays a critical role in making rural households resilient from vulnerability to food insecurity. The failure of natural resources to support agricultural livelihoods emerged as an important factor for rural household vulnerability to food insecurity. Gender-based imbalances still prevail, explaining most of the rural household vulnerability to food insecurity. Female-dominated households still endure most of the prevailing vulnerabilities to food insecurity, and this is even worse for households headed by younger females. Policies, strategies, and institutions in South Africa have not been able to address household vulnerability to food insecurity. The study identified Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal as the most vulnerable provinces where food policy has to be a top priority agenda.

Sense of local identity, attitudes toward dialects and language teaching: The Hungarian minority in Serbia

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Kovacs Rac ◽  
Sabina Halupka-Rešetar
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
Language Retention ◽  
Language Varieties ◽  
The Family ◽  
8Th Grade ◽  
Identity Attitudes

Abstract A large body of academic literature (e.g. Fishman 1977, 1999; Giles and Johnson 1981; Romaine 2000, among others) claims that language is one of the most significant markers of ethnic identification and that it plays a crucial role not only in the external perception of an ethnic group by outsiders but also in the selfidentification of an ethnic group. In a minority environment, sense of ethnic identity and language retention are connected very tightly, which is why it is of extreme importance to study attitudes towards the dialects of a language and value judgments about them. The paper presents the results of a research into attitudes toward dialects, conducted with approximately three hundred 5th and 8th grade pupils (age 12 and 15, respectively) attending school in Hungarian in two regions of Vojvodina, Serbia. It explores the subjects’ local features of identity, given that the research was conducted in eight different localities. The results of the research serve as a sound basis for developing use-centered, functional-situational mother tongue education of Hungarian minority pupils living in Serbia, since the current curriculum completely disregards the language varieties of many Hungarian minority pupils brought up and living in rural areas, who acquire and use the dialect spoken in the family.

MALABSORPTION OF FOOD IN RURAL COMMUNITIES

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-53
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Definite Improvement ◽  
Experimental Introduction ◽  
Cash Cost ◽  
Better Than

The survey on malabsorption of food in rural communities of Guatemala indicated that the experimental introduction of drinking water in a community resulted in a definite decline in the incidence of diarrhoea in children from 3 to 7 years of age. Longitudinal evaluation of the capacity of healthy men to absorb d-xylose revealed malabsorption in 30% of individuals living under poor sanitation conditions, as compared with 9% among those living under sanitation conditions which were better than those in rural areas. A definite improvement in d-xylose absorption was observed in the community where drinking water was introduced. Findings of longitudinal studies on intestinal absorption indicated that between 50 and 60 per cent of all the adult men were losing about 350 calories per day, a loss which, expressed in economic terms, is equivalent to 5-7 per cent of the cash cost of the diet.

Inequities in the allocation of medical resources in China’s Township Health Centers

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Ma ◽  
Linxiu Zhang ◽  
Matthew Boswell
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to produce a high-quality measure of the nature of healthcare resources available in China’s Township Health Centers (THCs), paying particular attention to equity between high- and low-income areas. Design/methodology/approach This study makes use of data from a nearly nationally representative survey in rural China conducted by the Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2011. The samples of towns were selected randomly from 25 counties located in five provinces from different regions of China. Data were collected through questionnaires and direct observation. Findings The THCs located in rich areas have higher levels of human resources than poor areas. THCs in rich areas also have more fixed assets than those in poor areas. In fact, even though the Chinese Ministry of Health mandates that all THCs have certain basic levels of medical equipment and facilities, many THCs in poor areas do not have them. The allocation of mandated equipment is unequal. Practical implications These findings suggest that China’s government should pay more attention to THCs located in poor areas, especially in light of new initiatives to improve health care in poor rural areas. Originality/value This is the first nationally representative study to employ rigorous empirics to investigate the extent of inequality in allocation of resources within THCs across China.

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