scholarly journals Ice Age geomorphological Ahorn Valley and Ailsbach River terrace evolution – and its importance for the cave use possibilities by cave bears, top predators (hyenas, wolves and lions) and humans (Neanderthals, Late Palaeolithics) in the Frankonian Karst: Case studies in the Sophie’s Cave near Kirchahorn, Bavaria

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-174
Author(s):  
Cajus Diedrich
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
River Terrace ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
Cave Use

Abstract. Die Sophienhöhle in Oberfranken, Bayern (Süddeutschland) erodierte in die massiven Ober-Jura Riff-Dolomite und ist eine perfektes Modell inklusive aller drei Höhlengenese-Stadien von 1. Ponor-Höhle, 2. Intermediate zeitweilig geflutete Höhle, 3. Trocken-Höhle. Die Schlüsselposition entlang des Ahorn-Tales, einem Seitental des größeren Wiesent-Flusstales, erlaubt eine genaue Höhlengenese und Verfüllungsrekonstruktion, die bereits im Pliozän begann. Die Hauptverfüllung mit Flussterrassen-Relikt-Sedimentserien fand im Mittel- bis Spät-Pleistozän statt. Sieben Höhlen-Genese und Verfüllungs-Stadien zwischen dem Pliozän und ausgehenden Spät-Pleistozän können in den Höhlenlagen zwischen 440 to 375 ü. N.N. unterschieden werden. Die Eintiefungsschritte des Ailsbachs im Ahorn-Tal sind wichtig für das Verständnis der Zugangsmöglichkeit der talnahen Höhlen für Eiszeittiere und paläolithische Menschen in verschiedenen Tälern von Oberfranken zu unterschiedlichen Zeiten, sowie den generellen Höhleneingangs-Öffnungen und -Schließungen während der Entwässerungs-Phasen in den Tälern.

scholarly journals Extinctions of Late Ice Age Cave Bears as a Result of Climate/Habitat Change and Large Carnivore Lion/Hyena/Wolf Predation Stress in Europe

ISRN Zoology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cajus G. Diedrich
Keyword(s):  
Ice Age ◽  
Crocuta Crocuta ◽  
Cave Bear ◽  
Large Carnivore ◽  
Wolf Predation ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
Feeding Technique ◽  
Spotted Hyenas ◽  
Inner Organs ◽  
Large Predators

Predation onto cave bears (especially cubs) took place mainly by lion Panthera leo spelaea (Goldfuss), as nocturnal hunters deep in the dark caves in hibernation areas. Several cave bear vertebral columns in Sophie’s Cave have large carnivore bite damages. Different cave bear bones are chewed or punctured. Those lets reconstruct carcass decomposition and feeding technique caused only/mainly by Ice Age spotted hyenas Crocuta crocuta spelaea, which are the only of all three predators that crushed finally the long bones. Both large top predators left large tooth puncture marks on the inner side of cave bear vertebral columns, presumably a result of feeding first on their intestines/inner organs. Cave bear hibernation areas, also demonstrated in the Sophie’s Cave, were far from the cave entrances, carefully chosen for protection against the large predators. The predation stress must have increased on the last and larger cave bear populations of U. ingressus (extinct around 25.500 BP) in the mountains as result of disappearing other seasonally in valleys migrating mammoth steppe fauna due to climate change and maximum glacier extensions around 22.000 BP.

Radiocarbon Chronology of the Schurovo Burial Mound Cremation Complex (Viking Times, Middle Oka River, Russia)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 771-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
A S Syrovatko ◽  
N E Zaretskaya ◽  
A A Troshina ◽  
A V Panin
Keyword(s):  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
River Terrace ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
Radiocarbon Chronology

Excavation of the Schurovo archaeological site, located on a ∼12-m river terrace, has revealed 3 occupation periods: 1) as a dwelling site of the Migration period (4th–5th centuries AD); 2) as local burial mounds (termed “houses of the dead” in Russian); 3) and as a ground burial period, which left a cremation layer directly on the ground and is now covered by the Little Ice Age overbank alluvium. The latter 2 periods contain few artifacts, which makes radiocarbon dating more appropriate for establishing their chronology. The burial mounds were dated to the mid-6th to mid-7th centuries AD. The accumulation of colluvium in mound ditches points to a rather long (at least a century) pause between the construction of burial mounds and the appearance of ground burials. Dates from the cremation layer (ground burials) span a wide range from the 8th to 13th centuries AD. As the younger dates do not correspond to regional historical and archaeological contexts, we believe them to be “rejuvenated” due to their long exposure before burial to the young alluvium. The ground burials are dated to the mid-8th to mid-10th centuries AD, the so-called “dark ages” in the Moscow region characterized by very few archaeological data. An isolated ancient branch of the Oka River near the archaeological site was radiocarbon dated and found to be active until the mid-10th to later-12th centuries AD, meaning that it was likely used as a local harbor on the transit river route throughout the site's occupation.

scholarly journals Palaeopopulations of Late Pleistocene Top Predators in Europe: Ice Age Spotted Hyenas and Steppe Lions in Battle and Competition about Prey

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cajus G. Diedrich
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Crocuta Crocuta ◽  
Spotted Hyena ◽  
Cave Bear ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
Modern Analogue ◽  
Spotted Hyenas ◽  
Steppe Bison

Late Pleistocene spotted hyena Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss, 1823) and steppe lion Panthera leo spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810) were top predators in Central Europe. The fossil record (2.303 hyena/1.373 lion bones = ratio 3/1) from 106 cave and open air sites demonstrates comparable associations to modern African hyenas/lions resulting in competition about prey and territory. Cannibalism within extinct spotted hyenas is well documented, including two individual skeletons. Those hyenas produced bone accumulations at dens. Feeding specializations on different megamammal groups are demonstrated for Late Pleistocene hyenas whose prey partly overlaps (e.g., cave bears) with those of lions and wolves. At most fossil sites, 1–3% of the lion remains indicate scavenging of lions by hyenas. The larger Late Pleistocene felids focussed on cervids (reindeers specialization during the high glacial = LGM), on bovids (steppe bison/aurochs), and possibly on saiga antelope and on the cave bear, hunting deep in caves during their hibernations and targeting cubs. The cave bear feeding was the target of all three top predators (lions, hyenas, and wolves) in the Late Pleistocene boreal forests which caused deathly conflicts in caves between them, especially with lions/hyenas and herbivorous cave bears that have no modern analogue.

scholarly journals Rangifer and man: An ancient relationship

Rangifer ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Historic Period ◽  
Human Births ◽  
Historic Record

A long-term relationship between Rangifer and humans is documented in three case studies: the Canadian Barrenlands (8000 years ago to Historic period), Ice-Age France (11 000-19 000 years ago) and Mesolithic Russia (7000¬10 000 years ago). Ancient human and herd migration occurred in all areas, based upon Rangifer remains and seasonal variations in tools along reconstructed migration routes, with few if any hunting camps outside the routes. An April peak of ancient human births is inferred from the historic record where we see births occurring nine months after peak nutritional states in herds and people. The origin of reindeer domestication and breeding in Eurasia is discussed.

scholarly journals Does lethal control of top-predators release mesopredators? A re-evaluation of three Australian case studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin L. Allen ◽  
Geoff Lundie-Jenkins ◽  
Neil D. Burrows ◽  
Richard M. Engeman ◽  
Peter J.S. Fleming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Lethal Control ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
Australian Case

Corporate Sustainability: Challenge to Managerial Orthodoxies

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dexter Dunphy
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Corporate Sustainability ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Sustainability Management

ABSTRACTThis paper addresses the issue of corporate sustainability. It examines why achieving sustainability is becoming an increasingly vital issue for society and organisations, defines sustainability and then outlines a set of phases through which organisations can move to achieve increasing levels of sustainability. Case studies are presented of organisations at various phases indicating the benefits, for the organisation and its stakeholders, which can be made at each phase. Finally the paper argues that there is a marked contrast between the two competing philosophies of neo-conservatism (economic rationalism) and the emerging philosophy of sustainability. Management schools have been strongly influenced by economic rationalism, which underpins the traditional orthodoxies presented in such schools. Sustainability represents an urgent challenge for management schools to rethink these traditional orthodoxies and give sustainability a central place in the curriculum.

Short-Form Application of the Screening Test of Spanish Grammar and the Northwestern Syntax Screening Test to Latino Children

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-235
Author(s):  
David L. Ratusnik ◽  
Carol Melnick Ratusnik ◽  
Karen Sattinger
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Latino Children ◽  
Data Application ◽  
York Metropolitan Area ◽  
Multiple Regression Technique

Short-form versions of the Screening Test of Spanish Grammar (Toronto, 1973) and the Northwestern Syntax Screening Test (Lee, 1971) were devised for use with bilingual Latino children while preserving the original normative data. Application of a multiple regression technique to data collected on 60 lower social status Latino children (four years and six months to seven years and one month) from Spanish Harlem and Yonkers, New York, yielded a small but powerful set of predictor items from the Spanish and English tests. Clinicians may make rapid and accurate predictions of STSG or NSST total screening scores from administration of substantially shortened versions of the instruments. Case studies of Latino children from Chicago and Miami serve to cross-validate the procedure outside the New York metropolitan area.

Case Studies for Telepractice in AAC

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Rose Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Computer Experience ◽  
Access Methods ◽  
Complex Communication Needs ◽  
Barriers To Service ◽  
Communication Needs

As the field of telepractice grows, perceived barriers to service delivery must be anticipated and addressed in order to provide appropriate service delivery to individuals who will benefit from this model. When applying telepractice to the field of AAC, additional barriers are encountered when clients with complex communication needs are unable to speak, often present with severe quadriplegia and are unable to position themselves or access the computer independently, and/or may have cognitive impairments and limited computer experience. Some access methods, such as eye gaze, can also present technological challenges in the telepractice environment. These barriers can be overcome, and telepractice is not only practical and effective, but often a preferred means of service delivery for persons with complex communication needs.

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