scholarly journals CLOSED SUPPLY CHAINS IN A CIRCULAR ECONOMY: EFFECTIVE INVENTORY MANAGEMENT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Lutsenko
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Inventory Management ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Logistics Systems ◽  
Methodical Approach

The world economy is characterized by linearity, namely the model "product of raw materials-production-consumption". This concept has already lost itsviabilitydue to a number of factors, namely: the depleted global ecological system, socio-economic and resource constraints. Through various environmental contaminants sharply reducedand thequality of life disappear goals populations of animal and plant life. Today, there is an alternative to the linear model of the economy - a circular economy, the main task of which is to restore the ecosystem, saving resource potential, financial and human resources through reverse and careful treatment.To form a new model of economy, governments of developed countries use different tools, but there is not always an understanding of the importance and effectiveness of this concept. The article considers the essence and basic principles of circular economy. As a basis for the implementation of the concept of circular economy are considered closed supply chains and as the main tool for the implementation of tasks - reversible logistics.Managing reverse logistics is a complex task that requires a systematic approach and significant resources.The goal of building reverse flows is to reduce costs and increase profits.The author's interpretation of the essence and content of reverse flows in closed supply chains, which include return and return flows, is presented in the article..The constituent elements of reversible material flows in closed supply chains are investigated.The main problems in the formation of closed supply chains are identified, namely the optimization of inventory management throughout the chain.A methodical approach to inventory management in closed supply chains, which provide for multilevel inventorymanagement, is proposed.The use of a set of inventory management modelsthat allow to coordinate actions for inventory management and are adequate to the practice of doing business in a circular economy.Conclusions and recommendations on the peculiarities of the formation of closed supply chains, the list of flows as elements of reversible logistics, methodological approaches to the use of inventory management models in complex logistics systems built on a circular basis (circular).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Stock Management Strategies Reliability at Dependent Demand

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery Lukinskiy ◽  
Vladislav Lukinskiy
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Inventory Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Stock Management ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Safety Stock ◽  
The Core ◽  
Methodical Approach ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
Dependent Demand

Abstract For efficiently increasing the logistic systems, the core specialists’ attention has to be directed to reducing costs and increasing supply chains reliability. A decent attention to costs reduction has already been paid, so it can be stated that in this way there is a significant progress. But the problem of reliability evaluation is still insufficiently explored, particularly, in such an important sphere as inventory management at the dependent demand. In the article there is a suggested methodical approach that allows calculating the safety stock quantity at the dependent demand in view of supply chains reliability requirements; the variants for different inventory management strategies at the dependent demand are examined; optimal strategy choice algorithm and results of total costs calculation in view of the reliability are given.

scholarly journals Food Safety as a Key Factor in the Supply Chain

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-360
Author(s):  
Andrzej Szymonik ◽  
Daniel Chudzik
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Access Controls ◽  
Control Production

Abstract Food production system, due to the mass scale of its manufacturing, distribution, and consumption, is subject to rigorous protection and control. The analysis of food safety presented in the foregoing publication shows that legal and organizational regulations are not alone sufficient to ensure that the quality of products does not pose a health and environmental threat. The results of the study conducted with the participation of 15 subjects make it evident that the issue of food safety is complex and requires continual monitoring because of ever changing conditions. It is increasingly seen that food safety is a key factor in supply chains, becoming the overriding element of production systems. Production companies spend more and more money on control and modernization of the entire production-related system so that food safety is 100% guaranteed. In the last few years, it can be seen that audits in manufacturing companies that deal with the production and sale of food are largely focused on food safety, process monitoring systems and employee access controls to individual production zones. Not without significance is the fact that additional departments are created in manufacturing companies, whose main task is to control production processes in terms of food safety, both from the side of the safe use of raw materials, packaging and the interference of unauthorized persons. It is absolutely necessary to emphasize that the paper also shows some examples that can already be treated as the first symptoms of food terrorism, which is becoming a deadly tool for current and future food terrorists. The publication emphasizes that food safety in the market reality of that time may be of paramount importance in the supply chains, given the importance and consequences of possible mass contamination of food.

scholarly journals Processing of technogenic formations within the framework of the formation of a circular economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 183-193
Author(s):  
Ol’ga Aleksandrovna ROMANOVA ◽  
◽  
Dmitriy Vladimirovich SIROTIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Real Options ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials

Relevance. Formation of a circular economy assumes a special place among the new realities that fundamentally affect new technological trends in industrial development. Although the concept of this economy is at the stage of formation, many developed countries, primarily the EU countries, necessarily include it in the most important strategic documents for the development of their countries provisions related to the key principles of a circular economy. The strategic planning system in Russia also includes documents based on the use of individual principles of this economy, contains the development and use of possible mechanisms for integrating the requirements of low-waste and low-carbon development into a circular economy. The industrial development of the country has a special influence on the process of transformation of a linear economy into a circular one, the greening of which is largely associated with solving the problem of processing industrial waste. The decisive role in their formation belongs to the country’s mining and metallurgical complex. To date, numerous technological processes for the complex processing of technogenic resources have been developed; there are investment projects in this area. However, there is no modern methodological toolkit for assessing their effectiveness, taking into account the sharply changing world and national conditions, economic conditions. The purpose of the work is to form a methodological approach to assessing the ecological and economic efficiency of processing technogenic formations of mining and metallurgical industries. Methods of research. The methodological basis of the study is a functional approach that allows taking into account the rapidly changing economic conditions. The research methodology is based on the basic provisions of the methodology of real options. Results. A comparative assessment of the formation and processing of wastes from mining and metallurgical production in Russia and the Urals is carried out. A methodological approach to assessing the socio-economic efficiency of processing technogenic resources has been formed. A classification system for the conditions of real options is proposed for assessing the efficiency of processing of technogenic raw materials. Conclusions. The results of the study confirm the feasibility of using the proposed methodological toolkit for assessing the efficiency of processing technogenic resources of various industries. The formed system of classification of the conditions of real options for assessing the efficiency of processing of technogenic raw materials creates the possibility of choosing optimal management decisions.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVE MINERAL POLICY AS A KEY FACTOR FOR SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Guenter TIESS ◽  
Iryna SOKOLOVA ◽  
Serhii KLOCHKOV
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Mineral Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Policy ◽  
By Products

The paper analyzes the changes in commodity market distortions, competing land use types, raw material demand for development, and rapid diffusion of key enabling technologies meeting the requirements of constant, dynamic development of major European industries. The author gives the relationship between the dynamics for mineral resources consumption growth, and changes in the conditions of production of these resources. Contains a critical review of methods for predicting the mineral resources dependency, including an estimated forecasting method based on guidelines for the evaluation of needs for natural resources and their substitutes.    One of the principles is comprehensive and integrated resource recovery. In a nutshell, this new approach argues that any operation should disturb a mine site only once and extract all useful materials using an optimised integrated flowsheet. This principle also requires that all by-products and residues are (re)used and that by-products and tailings at the end of life to be ‘future-proofed’, i.e. they should retain their ability to continue to be of value into the distant future where technology/economy may make feasible their use.    It is noted that access to and affordability of mineral raw materials are crucial for the sound functioning of the EU’s economy. A new 2020 list of critical mineral raw materials is presented and ways to compensate for the CRM deficit are described in detail.    Separately noted that the mineral policy is needed to be meticulously treated to facilitate company investment security, streamline permitting and access to minerals in a line with the European Green Deal, the Circular Economy Action Plan, the Bioeconomy Strategy and the European Industrial Strategy. Concerning, the latest steps towards Europe economically resilient by a framework for raw materials and the Circular Economy – creation of European Raw Materials Alliance recognized as particularly effective.    Global Industry Standard on Tailings Management represented as a robust, fit-for-purpose international standard for the safer management of tailings storage facilities.    The argument is given that since the land issue is one of the most delicate in a densely populated areas heavily dependent on agriculture, housing, infrastructure or other nonmineral development, a fair and equitable distribution of land is important for a mineral perspective.    There is also the need for strategic and open network between political, industrial and local communities through the exchange of information to enhance knowledge, experience and skills between stakeholders. Social acceptance of that idea is a fundamental element that must be addressed to develop a confl ict-free area for mineral development activities.    The conclusions indicate that we would like to emphasize that the main task of today is to create an effective system for monitoring the movement of raw materials along the entire added-value chain. The ability to quickly identify and respond to challenges in mineral policy will provide leadership in EU strategic technologies and industries. This process has already started with the creation of the European Raw Materials Alliance ERMA. State institutions, businesses, scientific institutions, and civil society in the close dialogue are able to ensure sustainable development and security of civilization as a whole. 

Factors of the circular economy development

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-447
Author(s):  
S.V. Ratner
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Traditional Patterns ◽  
High Level ◽  
Consumption Waste

Subject. Today the circular economy is viewed as a new model of economic growth that allows overcoming resource constraints. Despite the general understanding that environmental problems are the main incentive for the transition to circular models of production and consumption, the underlying factors in the development of this economic model have not been fully studied in modern literature. Are circular production models available only to technologically highly developed rich countries, or, conversely, poverty and a total lack of resources are the best incentive for the development of a circular economy? Objectives. I study the influence of such factors as the general economic and innovative development of the country, as well as the State's innovating activity to form and develop circular models of economic growth. Methods. The research was carried out with methods of econometric modeling. Eurostat data were used as an underlying source of information. Results. The study showed that the high level of the national economic development positively influences the resource efficiency of an economy, but more advanced countries produce more waste in the consumption sector. Production and consumption waste recycling demonstrates better trends in less economically developed countries. Countries with substantial innovation expenditures tend to have more robust municipal and industrial waste recycling technologies, as well as a more effective use of secondary materials. The development of an e-waste recycling system is essentially dependent on government incentives for innovation in this area. Conclusions. The findings can be used for outlining national federal and regional programs for the development of production and consumption waste recycling mechanisms in Russia. Social entrepreneurship and business initiative may appear one of the priority mechanisms spurring the circular economy in Russia through traditional patterns of resource-saving consumer behavior.

scholarly journals Best Practices Application in the Development of Industry in Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 297 ◽  
pp. 07003
Author(s):  
Alexander Demidenko ◽  
Anastasia Kramar ◽  
Igor Demidenko ◽  
Alexander Demidenko
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Competitive Products

This article is devoted to the analysis of the problems of the Russian economy in modern conditions, in particular, the technical and technological backwardness of Russia from the developed countries. The analysis of the reasons for the low level of competitiveness of the national economy has been carried out, and ways of its possible improvement have been investigated. The necessity of changing the export-raw model of economic development, based on the accelerated increase of fuel and raw materials exports, on the model based on the production of high-tech competitive products is shown. A study of the world’s best practices in the development of industry and the agro-industrial complex has been conducted, and statistics of economic indicators of other countries is given. This article analyses the results obtained by these countries. Also, the most effective principles of economic management, which could be applied in Russia are identified. It is substantiated that the Russian Federation needs to intensify innovation. It is revealed that the strategy of innovative development of the agri-food and industrial complex should be determined on the basis of the state innovation policy, the main task of which remains to mobilize the potential of the scientific and technological potential of the industry for the technical and technological renewal of domestic industry and agro-industrial complex.

scholarly journals AGILE MANUFACTURING THROUGH INVENTORY MANAGEMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudy Santosa Sudirga ◽  
Filscha Nurprihatin ◽  
Glisina Dwinoor Rembulan ◽  
Yustinus Yuniarto
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Inventory Management ◽  
Enterprise Resource Planning ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Agile Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
The Right

<p class="comp"><em>Inventory management is a systematic approach to sourcing, storing, and selling inventory both raw materials (components) and finished goods (products). In business terms, inventory management means the right stock, at the right levels, in the right place, at the right time, and at the right cost as well as price. Inventory management </em><em>refers to the process of ordering, storing and using a company's inventory. This includes the management of raw materials, components and finished products, as well as warehousing and processing such items. For companies with complex supply chains and manufacturing processes, balancing the risks of inventory gluts and shortages is especially difficult. At the same time, inventory can be thought of as a liability (if not in an accounting sense). A large inventory carries the risk of spoilage, theft, damage or shifts in demand. Inventory must be insured, and if it is not sold in time it may have to be disposed of at clearance prices or simply destroyed. For these reasons, inventory management is important for businesses of any size. Knowing when to restock inventory, what amounts to purchase or produce, what price to pay as well as <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/stocks/10/when-to-sell-stocks.asp">when to sell</a> and at what pric can easily become complex decisions. Small businesses will often keep track of stock manually and determine the reorder points and quantities using Excel formulas. Larger businesses will use specialized <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/erp.asp">enterprise resource planning (ERP)</a> software.</em></p>

European and Ukrainian experience in financial support to farming activities through fiscal instruments

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1040-1063
Author(s):  
E.A. Nepochatenko ◽  
E.T. Prokopchuk ◽  
B.S. Guzar
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Tax Regimes

Subject. The article considers financial regulation through the use of tax mechanisms. Objectives. The aim of the study is to evaluate European and Ukrainian practices of fiscal incentives for farming through fiscal instruments with VAT playing the key role. Methods. In the study we employed economic and statistical research methods, like monographic, comparison, scientific generalization. Results. Based on the analysis of VAT implementation on farmers in developed countries in Europe we substantiated the conclusion about its focus on simplifying the tax procedures and eliminating the negative impact on operations of economic entities. Special tax treatment (including VAT collection) is mainly used to streamline tax relations, taking into account the specifics of farming, rather than to improve the financial support to farms. We revealed that in the Ukrainian practice its main task is financial support to agricultural production. Conclusions and Relevance. The experience of developed European countries on the use of special tax regimes and taxation procedures should serve as a model for Ukraine. Financial incentives for agricultural production development should be directly supported by the State, and special tax treatment and tax administration should be focused on streamlining tax relations in the region, based on the practice of developed European countries such as UK, Germany, Italy and France.

European experience in transition to circular economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Ratner
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
National Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
European Experience ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Eu

Subject. The article considers the concept of circular economy, which has originated relatively recently in the academic literature, and is now increasingly recognized in many countries at the national level. In the European Union, the transition to circular economy is viewed as an opportunity to improve competitiveness of the European Union, protect businesses from resource shortages and fluctuating prices for raw materials and supplies, and a way to increase employment and innovation. Objectives. The aim of the study is to analyze the incentives developed by the European Commission for moving to circular economy, and to assess their effectiveness on the basis of statistical analysis. Methods. I employ general scientific methods of research. Results. The analysis of the EU Action Plan for the Circular Economy enabled to conclude that the results of the recent research in circular economy barriers, eco-innovation, technology and infrastructure were successfully integrated into the framework of this document. Understanding the root causes holding back the circular economy development and the balanced combination of economic and administrative incentives strengthened the Action Plan, and it contributed to the circular economy development in the EU. Conclusions. The measures to stimulate the development of the circular economy proposed in the European Action Plan can be viewed as a prototype for designing similar strategies in other countries, including Russia. Meanwhile, a more detailed analysis of barriers to the circular economy at the level of individual countries and regions is needed.

UNIDO, Industrial Processing of Natural Resources. New York: United Nations. 1981. viii + 78pp.US $ 5.00. [United Nations Publication Sales No. E. 81. 11 . B.1]

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-333
Author(s):  
Rashid Aziz
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Manufactured Exports ◽  
Year 2000

The book under review is a concise but fairly in-depth study of the prospects for export diversification from the Less Developed Countries (henceforth labeled as LDCs) particularly to Developed Countries (henceforth labeled as OCs). Given the multiple problems faced by the LOCs in exporting to the OCs - protectionist policies with regards to manufactured exports, volatility of prices obtained for raw material exports, etc. - the study analyses the potential for following an intermediate route. The important issues in the export of semi -processed and wholly processed raw materials are discussed. 111ese issues range from the problems and potentials for the location of processing facilities in the LOCs to the formulation of appropriate policies to encourage an export of processed goods rather than raw materials. Such policies will be useful both in solving the balance of-payments problems of the LDCs and in attaining the goal of the Lima Declaration and Plan of Action on Industrial Development and Co-operation, that called for 2S percent of world industrial production to be located in the LOCs by the year 2000.

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