scholarly journals Фактори, що впливають на мертвонародження поросят у свиноматок великої білої породи

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
A. S. Kramarenko ◽  
S.S. Kramarenko
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Large White ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Small Litter ◽  
Large Litter ◽  
Average Proportion ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Large White Pig

This study considers signs of a sow that affect the stillborn piglets number in the nest and the likelihood of stillbirth. The animals that were used for this study were kept on the pig farm of «Tavriys’ki svyni» LLC, located in the Skadovsky district (Kherson region, Ukraine). The experimental materials used for this study consisted of 100 animals from productive parent sows of the Large White pig. The reproductive indicators of each animal included in this study were evaluated. The total number of piglets at birth (both live and dead), i.e. total litter size and and sow farrowing number were monitored for the first eight farrows during the period of eleven years (2007–2017). Stillborn piglets were observed in 63.3 ± 1.7% of litter, and their average proportion in the nest was 11.5 ± 0.4%. The proportion of piglets born dead of the total piglets at birth obtained in this study is within the range of 5 to 15%, which has been previously noted for commercial pig farms in other countries. With an increase in the age of the sow (the number of farrowing’s), there was a gradual decrease in the proportion of the litter in which no stillborn piglet was observed (χ2 = 51.35; P < 0.001), and, conversely, the proportion of nests in which 2–4 stillborn piglets were recorded gradually increased (χ2 = 46.32; P < 0.001). The number of stillborn piglets and the frequency of stillborn piglets in the litter tended to increase in sows that had a large litter size at birth (in both cases: P < 0.001).The binary logistic regression analyses indicated that the probability of a piglet being stillborn was significantly associated with the farrowing number of the sow and the total number of piglets in the litter (χ2 = 155.00; P < 0.001). This model predicted well the presence of at least one stillborn piglet per litter (in 86.6% of cases) and more or less adequately predicted its absence (in 42.9%). Our results indicate that there is a significant interaction between the number of farrowing and the total size of the litter when determining the estimate of the proportion of stillborn piglets in the litter. The same predicted estimates can be obtained for a small litter in an older sow, or, conversely, for a large litter in a first-farrowing sow.

scholarly journals Effects of litter size and subsequent gold-thioglucose-induced obesity on adipose tissue weight, distribution and cellularity in male and female mice: an age study

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Roberts ◽  
Frances M. Whittington ◽  
Michael Enser
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Newborn Mice ◽  
Small Litter ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Gold Thioglucose ◽  
Large Litter

1. Over- or undernutrition of newborn mice was caused by suckling in litters consisting initially of four or eighteen pups. After weaning mice were fed ad lib. At 13 weeks of age some mice from large litters received gold thioglucose (GTG: 600 mg/kg intraperitoneally) to induce hyperphagia, and mice were killed at 13, 19·5, 26, 39 and 52 weeks.2. Total carcass lipid and the size and number of adipocytes in the inguinal subcutaneous, genital, perirenal and mesenteric depots were determined.3. Mice, both male and female, raised in small litters were heavier and had more carcass fat at all ages than mice raised in large litters. After GTG-treatment mice from large litters were heavier and fatter than mice raised in small litters.4. Fat distribution between the depots was related to carcass lipid content and not to treatment. The order of depot development was subcutaneous, parametrial, perirenal and mesenteric in females and epididymal, subcutaneous, perirenal and mesenteric in males. At 13 weeks the depots in males were more developed than those in females.5. Litter size had no effect on adipocyte volume in female mice at 13 weeks but by 52 weeks small-litter mice had larger cells in all depots and more cells in the parametrial and perirenal depots.6. Male mice from small litters had bigger cells at 13 weeks in all depots compared with males from large litters but by 52 weeks no significant differences remained. Greater numbers of cells were present only in the perirenal and mesenteric depots of small-litter males at some ages.7. Depots of GTG-treated large-litter female mice had larger cells than those of small-litter females, while a similar number of cells was found by 52 weeks in all but the perirenal depot, which had significantly more cells.8. GTG treatment of male mice from large litters also caused bigger cells than in small-litter mice, and an increased depot cell number at earlier ages in all but the epididymal depot. By 52 weeks cell numbers were similar in depots from small-litter and GTG-treated large-litter mice, except for the epididymal depot from the latter which had fewer cells.9. Increases in cell numbers with age in different depots occurred independently of existing cell mean volume and even of tissue growth, suggesting the presence of an in-built chronology, at least in older mice.10. We suppose that the differences in response to the level of preweaning nutrition in males and females result from a greater effect on the hypothalamic appetite centre in the latter. Whereas the cellular changes in large-litter males occur in the late-developing depots and are reversed naturally with time, those in the large-litter females are more extensive and require induction of hyperphagia for reversal.

scholarly journals Differences in gene expression and variable splicing events of ovaries between large and small litter size in Chinese Xiang pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueqin Ran ◽  
Fengbin Hu ◽  
Ning Mao ◽  
Yiqi Ruan ◽  
Fanli Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Hub Genes ◽  
Steroid Biosynthesis ◽  
Small Litter ◽  
Large Litter ◽  
Small Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Capability

Abstract Background Although lots of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genes present roles in litter size of some breeds, the information might not make it clear for the huge diversity of reproductive capability in pig breeds. To elucidate the inherent mechanisms of heterogeneity of reproductive capability in litter size of Xiang pig, we performed transcriptome analysis for the expression profile in ovaries using RNA-seq method. Results We identified 1,419 up-regulated and 1,376 down-regulated genes in Xiang pigs with large litter size. Among them, 1,010 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were differently spliced between two groups with large or small litter sizes. Based on GO and KEGG analysis, numerous members of genes were gathered in ovarian steroidogenesis, steroid biosynthesis, oocyte maturation and reproduction processes. Conclusions Combined with gene biological function, twelve genes were found out that might be related with the reproductive capability of Xiang pig, of which, eleven genes were recognized as hub genes. These genes may play a role in promoting litter size by elevating steroid and peptide hormones supply through the ovary and facilitating the processes of ovulation and in vivo fertilization.

scholarly journals Genome-wide association study reveals novel loci for litter size and its variability in a Large White pig population

BMC Genomics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sell-Kubiak ◽  
N. Duijvesteijn ◽  
M. S. Lopes ◽  
L. L. G. Janss ◽  
E. F. Knol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Study ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Large White ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Large White Pig

scholarly journals High laboratory mouse pre-weaning mortality associated with litter overlap, advanced mother age, small and large litters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Munhoz Morello ◽  
Jan Hultgren ◽  
Sara Capas-Peneda ◽  
Marc Whiltshire ◽  
Aurelie Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Laboratory Mouse ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Small Litter ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Large Litter ◽  
Small Litter Size ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Pup Mortality ◽  
Older Siblings

AbstractHigh and variable pre-weaning mortality is a persistent problem among the main mouse strains used in biomedical research. If a modest 15% mortality rate is assumed across all mouse strains used in the EU, approximately 1 million more pups must be produced yearly to compensate for those which die. A few environmental and social factors have been identified as affecting pup mortality, but optimizing these factors does not cease the problem. This study is the first large study to mine data records from 219,975 pups from two breeding facilities to determine the major risk factors associated with mouse pre-weaning mortality. It was hypothesized that litter overlap (i.e. the presence of older siblings in the cage when new pups are born), a recurrent social configuration in trio-housed mice, is associated with increased newborn mortality, along with high mother age, large litter size, as well as a high number and age of older siblings in the cage. The estimated probability of pup death was two to seven percentage points higher in cages with compared to those without litter overlap. Litter overlap was associated with an increase in percentage of litter losses of 19% and 103%, respectively, in the two breeding facilities. Increased number and age of older siblings, high mother age, small litter size (less than four pups born) and large litter size (over 11 pups born) were associated with increased probability of pup death. Results suggest that common social cage configurations at breeding facilities are dangerous for the survivability of young mouse pups. The underlying mechanisms and strategies to avoid these situations should be further investigated.

145 Effect of Substandard Teats on Piglet and Sow Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 133-134
Author(s):  
Mark Knauer ◽  
Zack Peppmeier
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Large White ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Maternal Line ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Piglet Survival

Abstract The objective of the study was to evaluate sow teat quality in relation to subsequent reproductive throughput. Data included one cohort of 42 Landrace × Large White second parity maternal line sows at the Tidewater Research Station (Plymouth, NC). Functional teats (FUNCTIONAL) were classified pre-farrow as acceptable (ACCEPTABLE) or substandard (SUBSTANDARD). Teats were categorized as SUBSTANDARD when teat size was ≤75% of ACCEPTABLE. At day 20 of lactation, ACCEPTABLE and SUBSTANDARD were assessed for the presence of a swollen mammary gland and piglets observed nursing SUBSTANDARD were recorded (24 piglets from 15 litters). Means for FUNCTIONAL, ACCEPTABLE and SUBSTANDARD were 15.07, 13.59 and 1.48 teats, respectively. Biological dam traits included birth weight (BWT), total number born (TNB), litter size at weaning (LSW) and piglet survival (LSW/TNB). Weaning weight (WWT) was considered a trait of the nurse dam. Means for TNB, LSW, litter BWT and litter WWT were 13.4, 10.9, 17.8 kg and 57.8 kg, respectively. Data was analyzed using a chi-square test for binary traits and linear mixed models for continuous traits. At weaning, a greater (P &lt; 0.01) proportion of ACCEPTABLE had a functional mammary gland when compared to SUBSTANDARD (76 vs. 47%). Within litters, piglets nursing SUBSTANDARD tended (em&gt;P = 0.09) to be 158 grams lighter at weaning in comparison to ACCEPTABLE. Yet BWT of SUBSTANDARD piglets did not differ (em&gt;P = 0.60) from piglets nursing ACCEPTABLE. Across litters, an increase in one SUBSTANDARD tended (em&gt;P = 0.07) to reduce litter WWT by 1.74 kilograms. An increase in one SUBSTANDARD tended (em&gt;P &lt; 0.07) to increase piglet survival by 3.5%. Results suggest substandard teats, identified pre-farrow, are less likely to have a functional mammary gland at weaning, impair piglet quality yet may enhance piglet survival.

Evaluation of genetic markers for litter size in Meishan synthetic and Large White pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 18-18
Author(s):  
O.I. Southwood ◽  
S. Hoste ◽  
T.H. Short ◽  
A.J. Mileham ◽  
D. Cuthbert-Heavens
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Oestrogen Receptor ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Large White ◽  
Service Type ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Natural Service ◽  
Size Data

A significant relationship between the oestrogen receptor gene (ESR) and litter size has been detected in USA populations of Large White and a synthetic comprising 50% Meishan (Rothschild et al., 1995). Animals carrying two copies of the favourable allele (B) had an extra pig born per litter than those that did not have the allele. This paper reports on results observed in a UK 50% Meishan synthetic and four UK Large White lines.Litter size data from 50% Meishan synthetic (L93) full-sib females where more than one ESR genotype was segregating. Data were analysed using a mixed model with full relationships and including the fixed effects of season of farrowing, parity, ESR genotype (AA, AB or BB) and service type (AI or natural service). Heritiability and permanent environmental effects for litter size were assumed as 0.09 and 0.11, repectively. A total of 27 full-sib families were represented and included 62 sows and 139 litter records. Hypothesis testing used the option in PEST under a mixed model (Groeneveld et al., 1991).

Semen Viability Properties of Sexually Stimulated Boars on the Fertilization Capacity of Artificially Inseminated Large White Sows

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tshepo Teele
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Return Rate ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Large White ◽  
Sexual Stimulation ◽  
Semen Collection ◽  
Fertilization Capacity ◽  
Farrowing Rate

Background: This study aimed to investigate the influences of sexual preparation on the effects of boars’ semen viability on the fertilization capacity of artificially inseminated sows. After all, boar sires more pigs than farrowed by a sow which the boar has been mated to improve reproductive parameters in response to AI. Methods: The semen viability of boars were studied during various sexual stimulations and analyzed during the study period. Sperm rich fractions were collected and separated at every level of sexual stimulation during the morning (08:30) and the afternoon (14:30) hours, respectively. Artificial insemination was performed following three levels of sexual preparations of boars (0 minutes of sexual restraint (MSR), 5 MSR and 10 MSR) before semen collection. Receptive sows were inseminated and evaluated for fertility traits using non-return rate, farrowing rate and litter size. Result: The non-return rate was recorded as a percentage of sows conceived after insemination over the total number of sows inseminated. The farrowing rate was recorded as a percentage of sows that farrows over the number of sows conceived and litter size as several live piglets per sow. Sexual desire was influenced by sexual preparations and significantly influenced the fertility of the artificially inseminated sows. This study is of practical significance to the animal breeder mainly because boars have greater influence than sows on the average litter size and live piglets. The study concludes that the use of at least 5 to 10 minutes of sexual restraint during the afternoon periods prior to semen collection and artificial insemination is found to be a practical method for optimizing sperm viability and fertility of sows in the intensive system.

Associations of QTL Region Genes of Chromosome 2 with Meat Quality Traits and Productivity of the Ukrainian Large White Pig Breed

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
V. N. Balatsky ◽  
Y. K. Oliinychenko ◽  
T. V. Buslyk ◽  
I. B. Bankovska ◽  
S. N. Korinnyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Large White ◽  
Meat Quality Traits ◽  
Large White Pig

scholarly journals Effects of cooling on the reproductive performance of gilts

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-361
Author(s):  
J.O. Oyedeji ◽  
G.O. Imagbenikaro
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Large White ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance

The study examined the effect of cooling on the reproductive performance of gilts using 27 Large White Experimental Gilts on a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 systems of cooling, namely Wallow Cooling (WC), Sprinkler Cooling (SC) and Zero Cooling (ZC). Gilts were weighed at the commencement of the experiment and thereafter fed ad libitum from service to farrowing. Feed intake till farrow, feed cost, gilt weight at farrow, date of farrow, litter size and weight were recorded. The feed/piglet weight, feed intake/litter, feed cost/litter and birth weight/piglet were derived. The results showed that feed intake per litter and feed per piglet weight were highest for gilts placed on WC(P< 0.05), followed by SC and least for sow placed on ZC; gilt weight before farrow was highest for sow placed on SC (69.78±0.92), followed by ZC (69.33±0.94) and least for gilts placed on WC (67.33±0.87); litter sizes of gilts placed under the WC and SC systems were similar (5.6±0.41) while that under the ZC system was comparatively smaller (5.4±0.40);while the date of farrow was lowest in the ZC system (113.8±0.32) followed by SC (114.0±0.33) and highest under the WC (114.1±0.33). However, the feed intake per litter, feed per piglet weight, litter sizes of gilts, birth weight per piglet of gilts and the average date of farrow among gilts placed on WC, SC and ZC were not statistically different at 5% level of significance. Though, there is no significant difference in the performance among gilts placed on WC, SC and ZC, temperature regulation through provision of efficient cooling system in piggery would help to increase litter size, improve feed intake per litter and reduce the average cost of feeding gilt per day in maximizing reproductive performances in pigs.Keywords: Cooling, gilts, service, farrow, piggery, litter size, piglet and birth weight

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document