scholarly journals Dynamics of lymph nodes weight characteristics in cattle during the prenatal period of their ontogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-288
Author(s):  
M. A. Lieshchova ◽  
A. V. Oliyar ◽  
D. D. Bilyi ◽  
P. M. Skliarov ◽  
D. M. Masiuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Prenatal Period ◽  
Fetal Period ◽  
Absolute Mass ◽  
Bovine Fetuses ◽  
The Absolute

In lymph nodes, as peripheral organs of the immune system, the patterns of their growth and development are unique in many ways, especially during the prenatal period of ontogenesis. The changes in the absolute and relative mass of lymph nodes in 66 bovine fetuses of different gestational ages (2–9 months) were studied. The weight of the fetuses and organs was determined with an accuracy of 0.001 g. According to the indicators of weight, body length, and the degree of development of the fetal skin derivatives, their age was established. It was found that in the first third of the fetal period of ontogenesis, the dynamics of the lymph nodes’ absolute mass was characterized by a moderate increase, which occurred simultaneously with an increase in the weight of the fetus itself. The relative weight at the beginning of the fetal period changed unevenly: it decreased in the superficial cervical and mandibular and increased in the popliteal and caudal mediastinal lymph nodes. In the second third of the fetal period, both the absolute and the relative weight of the examined organs increased dramatically (with the maximum at 7 months-old age). During the last third of the fetal period, a gradual increase in the absolute mass of all lymph nodes was found, and their relative mass, on the contrary, decreased moderately. In the second and last third of prenatal development, there was no direct relationship between the growth of the lymph nodes mass and the fetal total mass.

scholarly journals The influence of in utero exposure to formaldehyde on newborn rat thymus structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Irina Yu. Vash
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Absolute Mass ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Number Of Cells

Aim. To study the structure of the thymus of newborn rats born from female rats exposed to inhalation of formaldehyde during gestation. Materials and Methods. The work was carried out on 72 white outbred rats of the first day of postnatal development. The first group consisted of newborn rats (n=37) the offspring of six rats that were exposed to formaldehyde (FA) in concentration of 2.766 mg/m3 during the entire period of pregnancy. FA exposure was given once a day for 60 minutes in a 1 m3 exposure chamber. The second group included control animals (n=35), which were kept in conditions similar to those of the experimental groups with the exclusion of the effect of FA. In the newborn rats, the body mass and the absolute and relative mass of the thymus were determined. The structure of thymus was studied in a light optical microscope. The number of cells in the cortex and medulla of the thymus was counted over an area of 2500 m2. Results. The body mass and absolute mass of thymus of the newborn rats of the first group showed a statistically significant reduction against control values. The differences between the values of relative mass of thymus in the compared groups were insignificant. The number of cells in the cortex and medulla of the thymus under the influence of FA did not show any significant changes. Conclusion. The effect of inhalation of FA on the organism of pregnant rats during the entire gestation period consists in a decrease in the body mass and in the absolute mass of the thymus of newborn rats. With this, the relative mass of the thymus did not undergo significant changes. The thymus structure in the light microscope did not show any significant changes either.

scholarly journals Prenatal morphogenesis of compartments of the parenchyma of the lymph nodes of domestic cattle (Bos taurus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Gavrilin ◽  
M. A. Lieshchova ◽  
O. G. Gavrilina ◽  
T. F. Boldyreva
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Marginal Sinus ◽  
Fetal Period ◽  
Clonal Proliferation

The article analyzes the regularities of the formation and development of the lymphoid lobules of the parenchyma of the somatic (Limphonodi cervicales superficiales) and visceral (L. jejunales) lymph nodes in domestic cattle in the fetal period of ontogenesis. We used routine histological techniques and author's modification of the impregnation of total median sections with silver nitrate. Visualization of various zones of lymphoid lobules was carried out taking into account the specific for different cell zones architectonics of reticular fibers. It has been established that signs of morphological heterogeneity of parenchyma of lymph nodes are first found in three month-old fetuses, which is associated with the concentration of lymphoid tissue along the marginal sinus. Separation of lymphoid lobules and their structural and functional differentiation are first detected in five month fetuses. In the lymphoid lobules of five month-old fetuses all structural and functional cell zones are observable, among which the regions of clonal proliferation of T and B lymphocytes are the least developed, and regions of the transit corridors for lymphocytes migrating medullary and the cords (zone of potential accumulation of plasmocytes and antibody formation) are the most developed. Structural and functional transformations of compartments in the prenatal period of ontogenesis are accompanied by a predominantly moderate increase of the relative volume of specialized T- and B-dependent zones of lobules, against a background of a gradual decrease of the volume of transit corridors for lymphocytes migrating and zone of potential accumulation of plasmocytes and antibody formation. Due to the small volume and relatively low rates of development of the lymphocytes clonal proliferation zones, the quantitative ratios of the cellular zones in lymphoid lobules of the lymph nodes of domestic cattle in prenatal ontogenesis remain relatively stable, while maintaining the maximum indices of the development of transit corridors for lymphocytes migration and medullary cords. Among the zones of lymphocytes clonal proliferation throughout the fetal period, T-dependent zones predominate, the relative volume of which is 5.0–7.5 times greater than the volume of B-dependent zones. Lymphoid lobules in the lymph nodes of the domestic cattle fetuses of all age groups are arranged along the marginal sinus in one row and have a polar structure due to the formation of lymph nodes at one pole of the lobules in the interfollicular zone. In the visceral lymph nodes (L. jejunum) of 8–9 month-old fetuses, individual lymph nodes can form in paracortical strands, on the border with the interfollicular zone.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FITNESS PROGRAMS ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF WOMEN AGED 30–40 YEARS

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (S1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
E Perevalina ◽  
M Shestakov ◽  
S Laggao
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Functional Training ◽  
Basic Stage ◽  
Morphological Status ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Fitness Programs

Aim. The article deals with establishing the features of changes in the morphological parameters of women aged 30–40 years involved in different fitness programs at the basic stage. Materials and methods. 85 women aged 30–40 years participated in different fitness programs during 9 weeks: 17 – gym, 19 – traditional aerobics, 17 – strength aerobics, 17 – functional training, 15 – fitness-yoga. 60-minute fitness lessons were conducted 3 times per week. We measured the following parameters: height, weight, body circumference, skin-fat fold volume, the absolute and relative values of the muscle and fat tissues. Results. In women, body mass reduces under the effect of gym training, traditional aerobics, and functional training. The reduction of body circumference measurements occurs under the effect of gym training, traditional aerobics, strength aerobics, and functional training. Muscle mass increases as a result of gym training and decreases after traditional aerobics. The absolute and relative mass of the fat tissue reduces under the effect of gym training, traditional aerobics, and functional training. Conclusion. Different fitness programs influence differently morphological status in women aged 30-40 years.

scholarly journals Formation of larynx topographic-anatomic relations with neck organs and structures in the intermediate fetal period of ontogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Elena D. Lutsay ◽  
Maksim I. Anikin ◽  
Nuria I. Murtazina
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Hyoid Bone ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Cervical Esophagus ◽  
Prenatal Period ◽  
Fetal Period ◽  
Topographic Anatomy ◽  
Study Material ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Human Ontogenesis

Objectives - to present topographic and anatomic characteristics of the larynx relationship with neck organs and structures in the intermediate fetal period of human ontogenesis. Material and methods. The study included 85 organocomplexes of the fetuses neck of both sexes, from the 14th to the 27th week of development. The study material was divided into 2 age periods: the first group - fetuses aged 14-20 weeks; the second group - 21-27 weeks. The classical morphological techniques were used: (macromicroscopic preparation, modified method of saw cuts according to N.I. Pirogov, histotopographic method). Results. Larynx syntopy with thyroid gland, cervical esophagus, thymus, submandibular glands was described in detail. Larynx skeletotopy with incisurae jugularis sterni, cervical vertebrae, hyoid bone, mandible was described quantitatively. Conclusion. The data, obtained as a result of the study, supplement the data on the topographic anatomy of larynx and some neck organs and structures in the prenatal period of human ontogenesis. The revealed formation features of larynx and other neck organs and structures topography can be used in the study of intravital anatomy.

Prenatal Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-158
Author(s):  
Nezahat Hamiden Karaca
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Prenatal Period ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Development Section ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Developmental Principles ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
The Impact

The prenatal period is a vital process for the mother and father to become conscious about the development of the baby. Particularly in this process, in which mental and physical changes are observed in the mother, both the mother and father should be supported in order for the baby in the mother's womb to have a healthy gestation and to prevent a risky pregnancy. In this regard, particularly with the impact of recent technological innovations and with the increasing awareness of parents through increasing literacy, it is reported that the mortality rate is decreased; however, it is also reported that severe injuries during pregnancy and disabled babies still exist. From this point of view, the basic concepts related to development, developmental areas, developmental principles, factors affecting development and prenatal development will be explained in detail in the antenatal development section.

scholarly journals Comparison of the absolute mass sensitivity of ring electrode QCM and standard QCM using electrodeposition

2020 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 106826
Author(s):  
Jianguo Hu ◽  
Song Xue ◽  
Oliver Schneider ◽  
Göktug Yesilbas ◽  
Alois Knoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ring Electrode ◽  
Mass Sensitivity ◽  
Absolute Mass ◽  
The Absolute

THYROID FUNCTION AND ADRENAL WEIGHT IN THE RABBIT

1958 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. BROWN-GRANT
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Adrenal Weight ◽  
Absolute Weight ◽  
Young Adult Male ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Absolute

SUMMARY Young adult male rabbits were thyroidectomized or treated with methylthiouracil and adrenal weights determined after 3 or 6 weeks. No significant changes were seen following thyroidectomy. After 3 weeks of methylthiouracil treatment the mean absolute weight of the adrenal glands, but not the relative weight, was reduced. After 6 weeks both the absolute and relative weights were increased above the control levels, but the differences were not statistically significant. The results are compared with those obtained by other workers for rabbits and for other species.

scholarly journals Morphological and radiological study of lymph nodes in dromedaries in Algeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-337
Author(s):  
D. E. Rahmoun ◽  
M. A. Lieshchova ◽  
M. A. Fares
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The One

Despite significant progress in the study of the subtle mechanisms of interaction between cellular and molecular elements in immune responses, the general structure of the organs of the immune system, including the lymph node, has not been sufficiently studied, in particular in large farm animals. The lymph nodes of sexually mature camels have been studied anatomically and morphologically and advanced studies conducted using an X-ray system and a computer densitometer scanner with injection of a contrast medium. The topography and characteristics of the morphometric parameters (absolute and relative mass, linear measurements, volume) of certain somatic and visceral lymph nodes were determined. The mass of the lymph nodes studied varies according to the location and the interest of the organ in the satellite defense of the lymphoid system, For part of the x-ray examination of the lymph nodes, organs of large inguinal and axillary shape were selected after passing through a solution of tetraethyl-4,4-diamino-triphenylmethane oxalate, the lymph vessels were dilated and darkened, then iodine injections were made into the afferent lymphatic vessel of two lymph nodes; they were placed on the radiological cassette, a photograph taken on conventional radiography, for computer densitometer, the examination was made without preparation of the organs. A capsule encompasses the parenchyma of the lymph node, whose internal structure is composed of different zones, cortical, paracortical and medullary, on the one hand the lymphatic vessels were very clear especially with the conventional radiography with preparation of the organs, while the computer densitometer clearly revealed the deep texture of the parenchyma, basing it on the intensity of emission saturation from the use of computer densitometer.

scholarly journals PATYRIMO LINK

Problemos ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvydas Šliogeris
Keyword(s):  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Modern Idea ◽  
Absolute Mass ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The One ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Way

Straipsnyje keliama hipotezė, kad patyrimo esmė ir specifika iki šiol nebuvo apmąstyta nei Vakarų filosofijos, nei Rytų išminties, nei technomokslo, nes patyrimas naiviai ir klaidingai buvo traktuojamas kaip žmogaus instrumentinis santykis su esiniu ar net kaip „objekto“ konstravimas ar dirbimas. Patiriu tik tai, ką pagaminu, – tokia pamatinė, bet neapmąstyta tezė grindė ligšiolinę patyrimo sampratą, susiformavusią dar laukinių visuomenėse, bet lygiai taip pat lemiančią ir dabartinį patyrimo provaizdį, kurio pavyzdine vieta laikoma laboratorija, fabrikas, dirbtuvė ar prekybos centras, lygiai kaip tradicinėse religijose pavyzdiniu patyrimu laikoma, pavyzdžiui, bažnyčia – pavyzdinio patyrimo „objekto“ – Dievo – fabrikas. Straipsnyje bandoma parodyti, kad tikroji patyrimo vieta – konkretaus, štai šito kūniškai ir jusliškai predikuojamo individo sandūra su absoliučiu nežmogiškumu; vadinasi, patyrimas traktuotinas kaip visiška instrumentinio santykio priešybė: tai grynasis, t. y. bekalbis, „mano“ santykis – ar veikiau sandūra – su Jusline Transcendencija, pasirodančia per konkretų, štai šitą daiktą, kaip absoliutaus nežmogiškumo telkinį. Daiktas patiriamas tik tiek, kiek jis priešinasi instrumentinėms manipuliacijoms. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: patyrimas, instrumentinis santykis, horizontas, nežmogiškumas. ON THE WAY TO EXPERIENCEArvydas Šliogeris SummaryThe paper deals with the concept of experience. The hypothesis is put forward that the essence and specifics of experience have not yet been adequately dealt with either in the Western philosophy or in the Eastern wisdom and even in the techno science, because experience has been plainly treated as an instrumental relation of a human with beings or even as the constructing or making of an “object”. We experience what we make – was the basic and unreflected thesis that lay in the foundations of the concept of experience. The thesis grounds the concept that has originated already in the primitive cultures as well as the one that prevails in the modern idea of experience. The prototype of the latter could be found in the laboratories, factories and supermarkets. The same pattern could be observed even in religions. Therefore the church in a sense could be treated as a factory producing God as the exemplar “object” of experience. However, true experience takes place when a concrete, this particular person, predicated by his body and senses, collides with an absolutely inhumane entity. Consequently, experience should be treated as a total opposite of instrumental relation, namely as ‘my’ unutterable relation, or rather collision, with Sensual Transcendence, which emerges as a concrete, this one thing, the absolute mass of inhumane. A thing is experienced as much as it resists instrumental manipulations.Keywords: experience, instrumental relation, horizon, inhumanity.

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