scholarly journals Age features of topography and number of intestinal endocrinocytes in domestic duck

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-256
Author(s):  
D. S. Makhotina ◽  
M. M. Kushch ◽  
O. Ie. Zhygalova ◽  
I. A. Fesenko
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Relative Content ◽  
Enterochromaffin Cells ◽  
First Year ◽  
Adult Bird ◽  
Age Features

The aim of the study was to determine the features of the topography and the number of the total population of endocrinocytes and enterochromaffin cells in the intestines of ducks during the first year of the postnatal period of ontogenesis. The experiments were performed on domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) of black white-breasted breed (n = 5) 9 groups: 1-, 3-, 7-, 14-, 21-days-old, 1-, 2-, 6-month-old and 1-year-old. Determination of the total population of endocrine cells (argyrophilic) and enterochromaffin (argentaffin) was performed on histological specimens made from cross-sections of the middle section of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and rectum, stained by Masson and Grimelius. The endocrine cells of 1- and 3-days-old ducks had a «superficial» location due to insufficient formation of crypts and villi. In older birds, in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, both argyrophilic and argentaffin APUD cells were localized mainly in crypts, and in the cecum and rectum, they were also in the epithelial layer of the villi. During the entire observation period, the highest content of both argyrophilic and argentaffin endocrinocytes in all intestines were found in 21-days-old ducks. Already at 3-days-old age, the total number of endocrine cells in various intestines corresponded to those of an adult bird. The highest number of argyrophilic and argentaffin endocrinocytes was found in the ileum and cecum, less in the rectum and jejunum, and the smallest number was in the duodenum. Enterochromaffin cells are the most common type of endocrinocytes in the ducks’ intestines, their relative content ranged from 40.1 to 97.5%. The highest relative content of argentaffin cells at 1-, 3- and 7-day-old was observed in the duodenum, at 14-day-old – in the duodenum and colon, at 21-day-old – in the rectum, at 1- and 2-month-old in jejunum, at the age of 6 month – in the duodenum, jejunum and caecum, and at the age of 1-year-old – in the ileum and cecum. In addition to argyrophilic endocrinocytes, which were located in the epithelium, other cells were found in the loose connective tissue of the villi base, the cytoplasm of which was also intensively impregnated with silver nitrate. Such cells were smaller and mostly oval in shape. Their cytoplasm was impregnated almost evenly around the nucleus and had no polarity in the location of the granules. Probably those were mast cells, which also contain bioamines, and, as well as enteroendocrinocytes, are found in the argyrophilic reaction.

Age Determination of Male Bufo bufo (Amphibia, Anura) from the Netherlands, based on Year Rings in Phalanges

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes S. M. Hemelaar
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Bufo Bufo ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Common ◽  
One Year ◽  
Toad Bufo ◽  
Toad Bufo Bufo

AbstractBased on both the pattern of year rings in a particular phalanx of adult male specimens of the common toad Bufo bufo and the thickness of this bone in first-year toads, the rate of resorption of year rings in each toad could be assessed. It appeared that this rate of resorption is small. Therefore the age of male specimens of Bufo bufo from the Netherlands can be determined for about 92% by counting the number of year rings in hematoxylin-stained cross-sections of this particular phalanx. This percentage can be raised to 93-98% by considering the year rings resorbed. The age of the remaining toads may be underestimated by not more than one year.

scholarly journals Microscopic structure of the rectum of the domestic duck

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (100) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
D. S. Makhotina ◽  
M. M. Kushch ◽  
O. E. Bondarenko
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Plate Thickness ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
First Year ◽  
Microscopic Structure ◽  
Significant Difference

As a rule, researchers pay less attention to the features of the large intestine than to the small intestine. The purpose of the study was to determine the features of the microscopic structure of the rectum of ducks during the first year of the postnatal period of ontogenesis. For histological examinations, the material was selected from Ukrainian white-breasted ducks of 9 age groups: 1-, 3-, 7-, 14-, 21-day-old, 1-, 2-, 6-month-old and 1-year-old. Morphometric parameters of microstructures were set on cross sections of the midgut. The general change pattern in the morphometric parameters of the microstructures of the rectum of ducks was their increase, which was asynchronous and uneven. There was observed an active intestinal morphogenesis continued, as evidenced by the process of formation of villi and crypts in the group of 1-3-day-old ducks. The most intensive morphometric parameters of the rectum changed in the first month of the postnatal period of ontogenesis, during which – in the first week. In the first week, first and second month of life of ducks, the wall thickness of the rectum increased by 93.1, respectively; 199.5 and 20.4 %, the thickness of the mucous membrane – 81.0; 167.1 and 19.5 %, the thickness of the muscular membrane – by 126.1; 285.3 and 22.7 %, the height of the villi – by 113.2; 208.7 and 7.2 %, the width of the villi – by 84.7; 70.9 and 12.5 %, their surface area – by 293.8; 427.6 and 20.6 %, the depth of the crypt – by 85.1; 49.9 and 52.3 %, muscle plate thickness – by 254.0; 750.8 and 15.0 %. The most stable indicators of the rectum during the first year of the postnatal period of ontogenesis were the density of villi and crypts, the number of which after 7 days of age had no significant difference compared to that of a younger age. The indicates of adult birds morphometric parameters of the rectum of ducks corresponded at different ages: in 1-year-old – the thickness of the serous membrane and the density of villi; at 6 months – the diameter of the intestine, the surface area of the villi; at 2 months of age – the thickness of the wall and its mucous membrane, the width of the villi, the depth of the crypt; at 1 month – the thickness of the muscular membrane and plate, the height of the villi, the epithelium of the villi and crypt; at 3 days of age – the density of crypts; at 1 day of age – the width of the crypt.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of the microscopic structure of the cecum of ducks

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
D. S. Makhotina ◽  
◽  
M. M. Kushch ◽  
O. S. Miroshnykova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
First Year ◽  
Microscopic Structure ◽  
Serous Membrane ◽  
Health And Well Being

According to the literature review, there have been paid less attention to the peculiarities of the large intestine of domestic birds than to the small intestine. The cecum is studied mainly in terms of their microbiome and assessment of the state of the immune system through the study of the structure and cell composition of lymphoid formations. Researchers note the role of the cecum in productivity, maintaining the health and well-being of animals. The aim of the paper was to study the features of the microscopic structure of the caecum of ducks in the first year of the postnatal ontogenesis period. Determination of morphometric parameters of microstructures was performed on histological specimens from a cross section of the middle caecum of ducks 1-, 3-, 7-, 14- and 21-days old, 1-, 2- and 6-month old and 1-year-old. Active morphogenesis of intestinal microstructures was observed in 1-3-day-old ducks, as evidenced by the process of villi and crypt formation. The older ducks, their main feature of the microscopic structure of the cecum anatomy was the increase with age of their morphometric parameters, which was uneven and asynchronous. However, the density of villi and crypts did not change with the age of the bird. The indexes of adult birds morphometric parameters of the ducks cecum corresponded at different ages: the diameter of the intestine, the thickness of the serous membrane, the density of villi, the depth of the crypt – In 1 year; villi width – In 6-month; the thickness of the intestinal wall, its mucous membrane, the density of villi, their surface area, the height of the epithelium of the crypt – In 1 month; the height of the villi and their epithelium, the thickness of the muscular membrane and muscle plate - in 21 days; width and density of crypts – at 3 days sold. The most intensive increase in morphometric parameters of the caecal microstructures occurred in the first month of the postnatal period of ontogenesis, during which they changed most rapidly in the first week.

scholarly journals Features of blood supply to the arteries of the forelimb of the northern domesticated reindeers

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00216
Author(s):  
Mikhail Potapov ◽  
Konstantin Nifontov ◽  
Aleksey Belogurov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Supply ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
First Year ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Blood Circulatory System ◽  
Intensive Growth

A role of the blood circulatory system in a regulation of organism’s physiological functions and in a development of pathological processes is enormous. In this work the specifics of the vascular supply of the northern reindeer’s limbs are presented which are characterized by monotonous scheme. However, the northern reindeer has anatomic specific due to advanced second and the fifth dactyls. In this article there is determination of the development of forelimb’s arterial vessels of the northern reindeer during postnatal ontogenesis. In the postnatal period of development, the most intensive growth in the length and diameter of the great arteries is observed in the first year of the animal’s life, especially in the first month.

scholarly journals THE OUTCOME OF CEREBRAL PATHOLOGY BY THE END OF THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE IN NEWBORN BABIES WITH CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1S) ◽  
pp. 136-137
Author(s):  
L V Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cerebral Pathology ◽  
Clusters Of Differentiation ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Spastic Tetraparesis

Objective: to study costimulatory molecules (CD28, CD40) on lymphocytes of the peripheral blood in newborn babies with CMVI and to determine prognostic indices of the cerebral pathology outcome by the end of the first year of life.We examined 114 children at the age of three months, who had CMVI during neonatal period. In 37 children neurological symptoms remained by the end of the first year of life. At 37 children the neurologic symptomatology by the end of the first year of life remained: delay of psychomotor development (44.8%), deafness (5.9%), epilepsy (11.9%), spastic tetraparesis (32.2%) blindness (13.4%). At 77 children was absent neurologic symptomatology by the end of the first year of life.A control group was comprised of 15 healthy newborns. The content of lymphocytes, expressing CD28, CD40, CD3+, CD4+, CD28+, CD20+, was determined using laser flow cytofluorometer “Beckman COULTER” Epics XL II (USA) by means of monoclonal antibodies to the clusters of differentiation CD3+, CD20+, CD4+, CD28+, CD40+ of IMMUNOTECH Company (France).The analysis of multidimentional nonlinear dependencies was performed using PolyAnalist 3.5. Pro package. The formula of the forecast of preservation of neurologic symptomatology is calculated.((CD3-CD28+ * 0.074) + CD4+ * (-0.182) + (CD3+CD28- * 0.035) + CD40 * (-0.2862) + CD3 * 0.1062) + + (CD28 * 0.1952)) - 0.4588.If the result of the calculation according to the formula is > 0.39, than a child will have brain damages by the end of the first year of life. Sensitivity - 71.43%, specificity - 88.89%. The likelihood ratio of the positive result is 13.5.The determination of CD3+T-lymphocytes, lymphocytes, expressing CD28 in the total population, T-lymphocytes without the costimulatory marker CD28 (CD3+CD28-) and also B-lymphocytes, expressing CD40 on their surface, is significant for the prognosis of neurological symptomatology preservation by the end of the first year of life.

Analysis of STEM micrographs of thick objects

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-107
Author(s):  
S. Golladay
Keyword(s):  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Multiple Scattering ◽  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Image Point ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Total Cross Sections ◽  
Elastic And Inelastic Scattering

The theory of multiple scattering has been worked out by Groves and comparisons have been made between predicted and observed signals for thick specimens observed in a STEM under conditions where phase contrast effects are unimportant. Independent measurements of the collection efficiencies of the two STEM detectors, calculations of the ratio σe/σi = R, where σe, σi are the total cross sections for elastic and inelastic scattering respectively, and a model of the unknown mass distribution are needed for these comparisons. In this paper an extension of this work will be described which allows the determination of the required efficiencies, R, and the unknown mass distribution from the data without additional measurements or models. Essential to the analysis is the fact that in a STEM two or more signal measurements can be made simultaneously at each image point.

A quantitative approach to inner shell losses

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 526-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.D. Leapman ◽  
P. Rez ◽  
D.F. Mayers
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Background Intensity ◽  
Core Excitation ◽  
Quantitative Basis ◽  
Cross Section Differential ◽  
Bound Electrons

Microanalysis by EELS has been developing rapidly and though the general form of the spectrum is now understood there is a need to put the technique on a more quantitative basis (1,2). Certain aspects important for microanalysis include: (i) accurate determination of the partial cross sections, σx(α,ΔE) for core excitation when scattering lies inside collection angle a and energy range ΔE above the edge, (ii) behavior of the background intensity due to excitation of less strongly bound electrons, necessary for extrapolation beneath the signal of interest, (iii) departures from the simple hydrogenic K-edge seen in L and M losses, effecting σx and complicating microanalysis. Such problems might be approached empirically but here we describe how computation can elucidate the spectrum shape.The inelastic cross section differential with respect to energy transfer E and momentum transfer q for electrons of energy E0 and velocity v can be written as

Preparation And elemental analysis of ancient fibers

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 410-411
Author(s):  
Allen Angel ◽  
Kathryn A. Jakes
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Backscattered Electron ◽  
Electron Imaging

Fabrics recovered from archaeological sites often are so badly degraded that fiber identification based on physical morphology is difficult. Although diagenetic changes may be viewed as destructive to factors necessary for the discernment of fiber information, changes occurring during any stage of a fiber's lifetime leave a record within the fiber's chemical and physical structure. These alterations may offer valuable clues to understanding the conditions of the fiber's growth, fiber preparation and fabric processing technology and conditions of burial or long term storage (1).Energy dispersive spectrometry has been reported to be suitable for determination of mordant treatment on historic fibers (2,3) and has been used to characterize metal wrapping of combination yarns (4,5). In this study, a technique is developed which provides fractured cross sections of fibers for x-ray analysis and elemental mapping. In addition, backscattered electron imaging (BSI) and energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis (EDS) are utilized to correlate elements to their distribution in fibers.

Gender determination of caucasoid hair using image analysis

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
T.B. Ball ◽  
W.M. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Scalp Hair ◽  
The Body ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Morphological Differences

It has been demonstrated that cross sections of bundles of hair can be effectively studied using image analysis. These studies can help to elucidate morphological differences of hair from one region of the body to another. The purpose of the present investigation was to use image analysis to determine whether morphological differences could be demonstrated between male and female human Caucasian terminal scalp hair.Hair samples were taken from the back of the head from 18 caucasoid males and 13 caucasoid females (Figs. 1-2). Bundles of 50 hairs were processed for cross-sectional examination and then analyzed using Prism Image Analysis software on a Macintosh llci computer. Twenty morphological parameters of size and shape were evaluated for each hair cross-section. The size parameters evaluated were area, convex area, perimeter, convex perimeter, length, breadth, fiber length, width, equivalent diameter, and inscribed radius. The shape parameters considered were formfactor, roundness, convexity, solidity, compactness, aspect ratio, elongation, curl, and fractal dimension.

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