scholarly journals Effectiveness of Soil-Applied and Post-Emergence Herbicides in Crops of Scarlet Grosbeak (Erythrina Erythrina) of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine

Agrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
O. I. Tsyliuryk ◽  
Y. I. Tkalich ◽  
N. V. Honchar ◽  
V. I. Kozechko
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Full Profile ◽  
Weak Competitor ◽  
Annual Weeds

The results of research on the effectiveness of action of herbicides on weeds incrops of Scarlet grosbeak of the Linza variety, conducted on the experimental field of the educationaland research center of the Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, located inthe Dniprovskyi district of Dnipropetrovsk region are presented. The soil is represented by chernozemordinary low in humus full-profile. The potential soil contamination in the arable layer byvegetative organs of reproduction of perennial suckering weeds was average (100–120 thousandpieces / m2), and high (800–900 million pieces / ha) by seeds of annual weeds. Scarlet grosbeakwas placed after winter wheat. Soil-applied and post-emergence herbicides were applied in therecommended time by a small-sized sprayer OM-4, developed by the Department of GeneralAgriculture and Soil Science of the State Agrarian and Economic University and limited liabilitycompany “Agromodul”. Years of Scarlet grosbeak growing were characterized as typical for theSteppe zone of Ukraine, but differed in the amount of precipitations. The main reasons for thesmall area of distribution of Scarlet grosbeak are identified. The attention was paid to the needfor integrated weed control for the successful growing of this legume crop. It is found that in thesegetal сommunity of Scarlet grosbeak the dominant position was occupied by common ragweedand annual cereals, which at the beginning and end of the growing season accounted for about90% of the total number of weeds. The presence of a small amount of white orache, lesser bindweed,redroot amaranth and others was also noted. In accordance with the evaluations of the technicalefficacy of herbicides in crops of Scarlet grosbeak, which are a weak competitor to weeds,indicate the need to take into account their effect on the weight of weeds. The best results in thecontrol of common ragweed in the crops of the studied culture were provided by preparationsbased on Prometryn 400 g / l + Metribuzin 100 g / l, Imazethapyr 100 g / l and Imazamox 40 g / l,which helped to reduce its weight in the air-dry state by 67.9; 64.4 and 62.1%, respectively, comparedwith the control. The least effective was the insurance (post-emergence) herbicide based onMetribuzin 600 g / l, which helped to reduce the mass of common ragweed in the air-dry state byonly 10.7% compared to the control. The technical efficiency of herbicides action and their tankmixtures on dicotyledonous annual weeds was almost the same and ranged from 50.0% to 87.5%.The use of herbicides and their tank mixtures in general allowed to save from 0.03 t / ha to 0.26 t/ ha grain of Scarlet grosbeak compared to the control without herbicides. Herbicide preparationsdiffered insignificantly in terms of the effect on grain yield. The insurance (post-emegence) herbicidesbased on Imazamox 40 g / l and Imazethapyr 100 g / l should be distinguished. The use ofthis herbicides provided yielding capacity on the level 1.19 and 1.23 t / ha, which was more thancontrol by 22.7 and 26.8%, respectively.

Weed Control in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in the Humid Tropics

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Okezie Akobundu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Humid Tropics ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Annual Weeds

At least two weedings within the first 5 weeks after sowing are necessary to minimize yield reduction caused by weeds in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp.]. During a 3-yr study, a preemergence application of metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] at 2.0 to 3.0 kg/ha, DCPA (dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate) at 10.0 kg/ha, or pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] at 2.0 or 2.5 kg/ha controlled most annual grasses effectively. Itchgrass (Rottboellia exaltataL.) was controlled with pendimethalin at 2.5 kg/ha, but metolachlor had no effect on this weed. These herbicides caused no crop injury and cowpea grain yield was as good as in the handweeded and weed-free plots. Alachlor [2-chloro-2′, 6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl) acetanilide] applied preemergence at 2.0 kg/ha was effective against annual weeds, but was phytotoxic to cowpea.

Evaluation of Glufosinate-Resistant Corn (Zea mays) and Glufosinate: Efficacy on Annual Weeds

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald F. Krausz ◽  
George Kapusta ◽  
Joseph L. Matthews ◽  
John L. Baldwin ◽  
Jason Maschoff
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Annual Weeds ◽  
Weed Emergence

Field studies were conducted in 1996 and 1997 at Belleville and Pawnee, IL, to evaluate single and sequential applications of glufosinate on tolerance of glufosinate-resistant corn and annual weed control. Glufosinate caused 0 to 13% corn injury 7 days after treatment (DAT) and 0 to 6% corn injury 28 DAT. Injury was characterized as stunting with glufosinate. Glufosinate at 400 to 1,200 g ai/ha did not reduce final corn height or grain yield. At Pawnee in both years and at Belleville in 1996, a single application of glufosinate at 400 g/ha controlled giant foxtail, velvetleaf, ivyleaf morningglory, and common lambsquarters 85 to 100%. At Belleville in 1997, sequential applications of glufosinate provided greater weed control (87 to 100%) than a single application (0 to 63%) because of weed emergence after application. Weed control with a single application of glufosinate or with nicosulfuron plus bromoxynil was similar at both locations. Height and grain yield of glufosinate-resistant corn were not different from that of glufosinate-susceptible corn (isoline of glufosinate-resistant corn).

scholarly journals SELECTIVITY OF BENTAZON AND NICOSULFURON IN Crotalaria spectabilis INTERCROPPED WITH MAIZE CULTURE

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-389
Author(s):  
CASSIO HENRIQUE PEREIRA NOGUEIRA ◽  
NÚBIA MARIA CORREIA ◽  
LEONARDO JOSÉ PETEAN GOMES ◽  
PHELIPPE SANT'ANNA HONORIO FERREIRA
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
Mass Accumulation ◽  
Crotalaria Spectabilis

ABSTRACT Corn intercropped with showy crotalaria allows better use of the agricultural year, having in the same period, economic return from grain yield and the benefits of the legume. The objective was to study the selectivity of the herbicides bentazon and nicosulfuron to C. spectabilis, the weed control and the corn development intercropping system. Two experiments were conducted in the field, one in late-season and the other one in regular growing season. The experimental design was the randomized block, with fourteen treatments and four replicates. Eight treatments with herbicides were studied: bentazon (720 e 960 g a.i. ha-1), nicosulfuron (16 e 48 g a.i. ha-1) and bentazon + nicosulfuron (720 + 16; 720 + 48; 960 + 16; 960 + 48 g a.i. ha-1). Moreover, six controls were maintained: sole corn and sole showy crotalaria (with and without weeds), corn and sunn hemp intercropped (with and without weeds). The herbicide bentazon isolated, in both dosages tested, was selective to C. spectabilis. Nicosulfuron in 48 g a.i. ha-1, isolated or in mixture with bentazon, promoved the best weed control. Corn affected the recoverability of showy crotalaria plants treated with herbicides. In intercrop of corn and C. spectabilis, both late and regular season had good results in corn yield, legume mass accumulation without the necessity of herbicides pulverization.

scholarly journals Evaluation of some Herbicides' Efficacy in Weed Control Accompanying some Wheat Cultivars and Their Effect on Yield and Its Components

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 140-155
Author(s):  
Sura A. Khudur ◽  
Taha Y.M. Al-Edany ◽  
Layla A. Bnayan
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Effect On Yield

A field experiment was conducted at Al-Qaim area 90 km north of Basrah Province, Iraq during the growing season of 2018-2019. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of three different herbicides includes Pallas 4.5%OD (125ml.Donum-2), Spotlight75%DWG(5g.Donum-2) and Clodex100EC (150ml.Donum-2) to control the weeds growing with two cultivars of wheat (Ebaa-99 and Buhooth-22). The results showed that Ebaa-99 cultivar was superior in the average of plant height (77.99 cm), flag leaf area (29.15cm2), number of tillers (701.50 tillers.m-2), number of spikes (615.61 spikes.m-2), weight of 1000 grain (43.41g), grain yield (5203.34 Kg.ton-2), biological yield (15216.58 Kg/ha), harvest indicator (35.25%), dry weight of narrow-leaved (14.14 g.m-2) and broad-leaved weeds (43.64g.m-2). While Buhooth-22 cultivar revealed superiority in the number of grains per spike (28.66 grain.spike-2), length of the spike (7.76 cm) and protein content (10.47%). Spraying treatments by the formulation of the herbicides Spotlight and Clodex were significantly exceeded other treatments in all crop plant growing components.

Chemical weed control in lupins

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (80) ◽  
pp. 394 ◽  
Author(s):  
EG Cuthbertson
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Broadleaf Species ◽  
Annual Weeds

The response of weeds and narrow-leaved lupins (Lupinus angustifolius) to a number of pre-planting, pre-emergence and post-emergence applied herbicides was evaluated in six field trials between 1970 and 1973. Applied six weeks post-emergence, fluometuron and propazine at 0.75, 1.5 and 3.0 kg, carbetamide at 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 kg, simazine at 1.5 and 3.0 kg, and chlortoluron at 3.0 kg a.i. ha-1 gave good control of annual weeds present. Only carbetamide 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 kg, propazine 0.75 and 1.5 kg and simazine 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 increased grain yield. Decreasing yield with increasing dose rate in the case of fluometuron and propazine in this situation suggested some crop toxicity. Applied pre-planting and incorporated, alachlor 1.0 and 2.0 kg, di-allate 0.84 kg, nitralin 0.6 and 1.2 kg and trifluralin 0.56 kg a.i. ha-1 gave good grass control and, in general, increased yield. They had no effect on the majority of broadleaf species present. Applied pre-emergence, alachlor, propazine and simazine at 1.0 and 2.0 kg, fluometuron at 1.0 to 4.0 kg and pronamide at 0.8 and 1.6 kg a.i. ha-1 in general gave good weed control and increased grain yield. All except alachlor affected both grasses and broadleaf species. The results, however, were seriously affected by rainfall incidence. The results are discussed in terms of the response to incorporation, rainfall incidence and temperature on the activity of specific herbicides.

Influence of Herbicides on Japanese Holly and Hand Labor for Weed Control

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Bingham
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Severe Injury ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Visual Response ◽  
Labor Requirements ◽  
Annual Weeds

Fall treatments with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine (simazine) as opposed to cultivation during the growing season reduced hand labor requirements more than 70% for weed control in Japanese holly (Ilex crenata Thumb. Rotundifolia Hort.). The response of Japanese holly to simazine varied from superior growth and quality to severe injury and death. Simazine plus 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (amitrole) resulted in better control of small weeds than simazine alone in late winter or early spring. Dimethyl 2,3,5,6-tetrachloroterephthalate (DCPA), N,N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenylacetamide (diphenamid), and 2,6-dichlobenzonitrile (dichlobenil) reduced labor requirements for control of annual weeds without any visual response on the Japanese holly. In certain instances, rotations of herbicides were effective for broad spectrum weed control.

Weed control of irrigated peanuts in an arid zone

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-626
Author(s):  
J. Amir ◽  
N. Lifshitz
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Weed Population ◽  
Complementary Effect ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Annual Weeds

SummaryWeed control in irrigated peanuts was evaluated under arid conditions over an 8-year period. Weed competition during the first 8 weeks of the growing season, affected the yield in three out of eight experiments. Mechanical cultivation and herbicides alone or in combination did not control the weed population completely. The best weed control was accomplished by the combination of two herbicides, a system which allowed a complementary effect and long-term control of annual weeds.

YIELD OF CORN HYBRIDS DEPENDING ON PLANT DENSITY AND FERTILIZATION SYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Polyakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Field Calculation ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Fertilizer System

The article presents the results of research on the formation of corn yield for grain depending on the elements of cultivation technology in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The goal of the research was to identify the influence of plant density and fertilizer system on the yield of corn hybrids for grain. The research was conducted during 2017-2019 in the research field of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University (Bila Tserkva NAU). Research methods: field, calculation and statistical. Results. Regularities of growth, development and formation of yield by plants are revealed, both in concrete conditions of years of researches, and taking into account average long-term values taking into account features of hybrid-oriented technology. According to the results of the experiment it was recorded that the maximum yields for growing early-maturing maize hybrid DN PIVYHA with FAO 180 in general were obtained at a pre-harvest density of 75 thousand units/ha and the use of combined organo-mineral fertilizer system - 11.09 t/ha; medium-early maize hybrid DN ORLYK, FAO 280 in general in the experiment provided a grain yield of 9.60 t/ha, and in terms of 2017 - 7.86 t/ha, in 2018 - 11.22 t/ha and in 2019 - 9, 72 t/ha, but the medium-ripe hybrid of corn DN SARMAT, FAO 380 provided a grain yield of 10.81 t/ha, and in the context of 2017 - 9.31 t/ha, in 2018 - 11.68 t/ha and in 2019 - 11.44 t/ha. Significant influence on the formation of the yield of corn has a hybrid factor (27 %), fertilizer system determines the level of productivity by 21 % and interacts closely with the conditions of the growing season (factor BV 9 %), growing season conditions also determine the level of productivity of corn plants (19 %), and the pre-harvest density determines this feature by 18 %. Conclusions: In the conditions of the Right Bank part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine there is an increase in the level of productivity of maize hybrids from early to medium-ripe hybrids, regardless of the influence of other experimental factors.

scholarly journals Relationship between Relative Maturity and Grain Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids in Northwest New Mexico for the 2003–2019 Period

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Koffi Djaman ◽  
Curtis Owen ◽  
Margaret M. West ◽  
Samuel Allen ◽  
Komlan Koudahe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Production Optimization ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Climate Conditions

The highly variable weather under changing climate conditions affects the establishment and the cutoff of crop growing season and exposes crops to failure if producers choose non-adapted relative maturity that matches the characteristics of the crop growing season. This study aimed to determine the relationship between maize hybrid relative maturity and the grain yield and determine the relative maturity range that will sustain maize production in northwest New Mexico (NM). Different relative maturity maize hybrids were grown at the Agricultural Science Center at Farmington ((Latitude 36.69° North, Longitude 108.31° West, elevation 1720 m) from 2003 to 2019 under sprinkler irrigation. A total of 343 hybrids were grouped as early and full season hybrids according to their relative maturity that ranged from 93 to 119 and 64 hybrids with unknown relative maturity. The crops were grown under optimal management condition with no stress of any kind. The results showed non-significant increase in grain yield in early season hybrids and non-significant decrease in grain yield with relative maturity in full season hybrids. The relative maturity range of 100–110 obtained reasonable high grain yields and could be considered under the northwestern New Mexico climatic conditions. However, more research should target the evaluation of different planting date coupled with plant population density to determine the planting window for the early season and full season hybrids for the production optimization and sustainability.

Smallseed Falseflax (Camelina microcarpa) Management in Oklahoma Winter Wheat

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jodie A. Crose ◽  
Misha R. Manuchehri ◽  
Todd A. Baughman
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Adequate Control ◽  
Growing Seasons

Abstract Three herbicide premixes have recently been introduced for weed control in wheat. These include: halauxifen + florasulam, thifensulfuron + fluroxypyr, and bromoxynil + bicyclopyrone. The objective of this study was to evaluate these herbicides along with older products for their control of smallseed falseflax in winter wheat in Oklahoma. Studies took place during the 2017, 2018, and 2020 winter wheat growing seasons. Weed control was visually estimated every two weeks throughout the growing season and wheat yield was collected in all three years. Smallseed falseflax size was approximately six cm in diameter at time of application in all years. Control ranged from 96 to 99% following all treatments with the exception of bicyclopyrone + bromoxynil and dicamba alone, which controlled falseflax 90%. All treatments containing an acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide achieved adequate control; therefore, resistance is not suspected in this population. Halauxifen + florasulam and thifensulfuron + fluroxypyr effectively controlled smallseed falseflax similarly to other standards recommended for broadleaf weed control in wheat in Oklahoma. Rotational use of these products allows producers flexibility in controlling smallseed falseflax and reduces the potential for development of herbicide resistance in this species.

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