scholarly journals Coexistence of jaguars (Panthera onca) and pumas (Puma concolor) in a tropical forest in south–eastern Mexico

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
D. M. Ávila–Nájera ◽  
C. Chávez ◽  
S. Pérez–Elizalde ◽  
J. Palacios–Pérez ◽  
B. Tigar
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Yucatan Peninsula ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Peak Activity ◽  
Occupancy Models ◽  
Panthera Onca ◽  
Yucatán Peninsula

The biological ranges of the jaguar (Panthera onca) and puma (Puma concolor) overlap in the Yucatan Peninsula, corresponding to the most important population of jaguars in Mexico. The goal of this study in the El Eden Ecological Reserve (EER) was to investigate the factors that permit these two predators to coexist in the dense vegetation of medium–stature tropical forest and secondary forest in the north–eastern Yucatan Peninsula. We assessed their spatial and temporal overlap using Pianka’s index, and evaluated their habitat use by applying occupancy models. A total sampling effort of 7,159 trap–nights over 4 years produced 142 independent photographic records of jaguars, and 134 of pumas. The felids showed high to very high overlap in their use of different vegetation (0.68–0.99) and trail types (0.63–0.97) and in their activity patterns (0.81–0.90). However, their peak activity patterns showed some temporal separation. Time of day, particularly for peak activity time, was the best predictor to explain the coexistence of the felids in this habitat. While occupancy models showed that the presence of potential prey species and vegetation type could predict the presence of felids in the study area. Natural disturbances during 2010 (hurricane) and 2011 (fire) drastically changed habitat use and activity patterns, resulting in pumas and jaguars adjusting their resource–use and activity pattern through a strategy of mutual evasion.

scholarly journals Dieta, uso de hábitat y patrones de actividad del puma (Puma concolor) y el jaguar (Panthera onca) en la selva maya.

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Giovanii Estrada Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Panthera Onca ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
La Selva ◽  
Mayan Forest ◽  
Niche Components

RESUMEN: La Selva Maya es el bosque tropical de hoja ancha más extenso de Centroamérica, se extiende entre México, Guatemala y Belice. El jaguar y el puma, son los felinos más grandes de América. En esta zona viven simpátricamente por lo que se presupone segregación en alguno de los componentes de su nicho ecológico. En este estudio se analizaron y compararon tres de los componentes principales del nicho: dieta, uso de hábitat y patrones de actividad, con el objetivo de evaluar si existe segregación entre el jaguar y el puma. Para la obtención de los datos se colectaron excrementos de manera oportunista, y se utilizaron trampas de cámaras automáticas en cuatro áreas protegidas. Se analizo la zona de estudio, a través de sistemas de información geográfica para determinar las proporciones de distintos tipos de hábitat presentes, y se colectaron datos de abundancias de las presas. Se analizaron los patrones y en la dieta, en el hábitat utilizado y en el horario de actividad. Se determino que el jaguar tuvo una dieta diferente y mas amplia comparada con la del puma, así también que este consume en promedio, presas más pequeñas. Las presas preferidas por elpuma fueron, tres especies de venados y tepezcuintles. Para el jaguar fueron coches de monte, pizotes y armadillos. Ambas especies presentaron un patrón similar de uso de hábitat, donde el "bosque alto" fue utilizado proporcionalmente a su abundancia, y el puma evitó el "bosque bajo". En cuanto a los patrones de actividad, ambos prefirieron horas nocturnas para desplazarse, aunque el puma presento mayor variabilidad. Se observo que ambas especies no se segregan mutuamente, espacial ni temporalmente. La frecuente utilización del "bosque bajo" y su relación con las aguadas y arroyos, es un factor importante en el mantenimiento de poblaciones de grandes felinos en la Selva MayaPALABRAS CLAVE: Felidae, Panthera onca, Puma concolor, coexistencia, nicho ecológico, Selva Maya, segregación ecológica.ABSTRACT: The Mayan Forest is the largest tropical broad-leaf forest remainder in Central America which extends between Mexico, Guatemala and Belize. Jaguar and puma are the biggest American wild cats. In this area both live sympatric which suggest segregation in at least one of its ecological niche components. In this study I analyzed and compared three of the principal niche components: diet, habitat use and activity patterns, with the main objective of assess if occurs ecological segregation among jaguar and puma. To obtain the data it was collected  jaguar and puma’s scats in an opportunistic way, and was used automatic camera traps in four protected areas. I analyzed the study area by geographic information system (GIS) to determine proportions of different habitat types, and also I used  previous collected prey abundance data. I analyzed patterns in diet, in habitat use and temporal activity. I found that jaguar had a wider prey spectrum than puma; jaguar took (in average) smallest preys, consequently, diets were significantly different. Puma preferred deer, brocket deer and paca as main prey; in contrast, jaguar preferred collared pecari, coati and armadillo. Both predator species presented a similar pattern in habitat usage, in which "highland forest" was used accordingly with its availability and puma avoided "lowland forest". About activity patterns, both were more active in the night time, however, puma was more variable in this aspect. Both species did not show segregation spatially or temporally. KEYWORDS: Felidae, Panthera onca, Puma concolor, coexistence, ecologic niche, Mayan forest, ecologic segregation.

scholarly journals Habitat use of jaguar (Panthera onca) in a tropical forest in northern Quintana Roo, Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dulce María Ávila-Nájera ◽  
Marco Antonio Lazcano-Barrero ◽  
Cuauhtémoc Chávez ◽  
Sergio Pérez-Elizalde ◽  
Barbara Tigar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Quintana Roo ◽  
Panthera Onca

scholarly journals El jaguar Panthera onca (Carnivora: Felidae) en la Reserva de la Biosfera “El Cielo”, Tamaulipas, México

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogelio Carrera-Treviño ◽  
Ivan Lira-Torres ◽  
Luis Martínez-García ◽  
Martha López-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Didelphis Virginiana ◽  
Camera Trapping ◽  
Potential Prey ◽  
Panthera Onca ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
El Cielo Biosphere Reserve

Information on the ecology of jaguars (Panthera onca) in “El Cielo” Biosphere Reserve in Tamaulipas, Mexico is scant and limited to anecdotic records in a handful of publications. The objectives of our study were to: a) determine population density and structure of jaguars, b) compare their activity patterns with that of pumas (Puma concolor), c) ascertain potential prey relative abundance, and d) evaluate local resident’s perception on loss of domestic animals due to jaguar predation. Between April 2013 and April 2014 we conducted camera trapping in Gomez Farias Township with a total sampling effort of 8 580 camera trap days. Besides, we completed 136 semi-structured interviews among local residents of Gomez Farias and Llera Townships to gather information on domestic animal losses attributed to jaguars and other carnivores. We identified eight different jaguar individuals during a complete year of camera-trapping, composed of four adult females, one juvenile female, two adult males and one juvenile male. We estimated a jaguar density of 5.9 ± 1.3 jaguars/100 km². Activity patterns for jaguars and pumas were similar as both were nocturnal and crepuscular in nature. The most abundant potential prey species for jaguars in the study site were Crax rubra, Cuniculus paca, Mazama temama, Odocoileus virginianus and Didelphis virginiana; while the rarest were Mephitis macroura and Procyon lotor. Interview results suggested that chickens, dogs, and house cats were the most consumed domestic animals from all reported losses by local residents (n= 107). This study represents the first attempt to describe jaguar ecology in “El Cielo” Biosphere Reserve; however, there is a need of additional monitoring efforts to determine the current status of jaguars in a larger area in order to establish conservation strategies. Finally, this jaguar population may have an important role in maintaining the species in the Sierra Madre Oriental biological corridor connecting populations in Nuevo Leon and San Luis states in Northeastern Mexico.

The Impact of Hurricane Gilbert on Trees, Litterfall, and Woody Debris in a Dry Tropical Forest in the Northeastern Yucatan Peninsula

Biotropica ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis F. Whigham ◽  
Ingrid Olmsted ◽  
Edgar Cabrera Cano ◽  
Mark E. Harmon
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Yucatan Peninsula ◽  
Dry Tropical Forest ◽  
Yucatán Peninsula ◽  
The Impact

Forest Types and their Implications

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Pérez-Salicrup
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Yucatan Peninsula ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
The North ◽  
Yucatán Peninsula ◽  
Frontier Region

The southern Yucatán peninsular region contains the largest and most rapidly disappearing continuous tract of tropical forest in Mexico (Flores and Espejel Carvajal 1994; Delfín Gonzales, Parra, and Echazarreta 1995; Acopa and Boege 1998). Vegetation in the region is a mosaic of forest types with different structural appearances (Flores and Espejel Carvajal 1994; Hernández-Xolocotzi 1959; Miranda 1958) that primarily reflect variation in environmental and edaphic conditions (Ibarra-Manríquez 1996). However, the structure and tree composition of forests in the region, as elsewhere in the central Maya lowlands, has been and remains strongly influenced by human activity (Ch. 2). In spite of the abundance of botanical work throughout the Yucatán peninsula, little attention has been devoted to characterizing the forests in this frontier region quantitatively, and the variation and distribution of forests remain poorly documented. Yet, it is precisely this kind of documentation that is required for integrated land studies of the kind that the SYPR project is undertaking (Turner et al. 2001). Since the third decade of the twentieth century, botanical interest has focused on the flora of the Yucatán Peninsula, especially that located in the historically more accessible portion of the peninsula (Ibarra-Manríquez 1996). Early twentieth-century studies (Lundell 1938; Standley 1930) led to a broad classification of the primary vegetation as deciduous tropical forests (Miranda 1958), or evergreen tropical forests (Rzedowski 1981), controlled in distribution by the northwest to southeast precipitation gradient, distinctive dry season, and karstic terrain (Ch. 2). Today, the entire region is appropriately labeled a seasonally dry tropical forest (Bullock, Mooney, and Medina 1995). During the rainy season (May–October) most species have their canopies fully displayed and light is a limiting factor in the forest understory (Martínez-Ramos 1985, 1994). For the remainder of the year, monthly precipitation usually does not exceed 100mm. During the lowest rainfall months (February–April), water may become limiting and considerable defoliation takes place, especially in the north and west. Other factors controlling forest structure and composition include topography, twentieth-century land-use history, and hurricanes (Brokaw and Walker 1991; Cooper-Ellis et al. 1999).

scholarly journals Habitat use, activity patterns and human interactions with jaguars Panthera onca in southern Belize

Oryx ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Dobbins ◽  
Michael K. Steinberg ◽  
Eben N. Broadbent ◽  
Sadie J. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Incentive ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Panthera Onca ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Blue Creek ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
The Village

AbstractParts of southern Belize are designated as a corridor for the jaguar Panthera onca but the Maya region remains understudied. We therefore studied jaguar habitat use, activity patterns, and interactions with people in Blue Creek, a Maya village in a human-dominated tropical landscape in southern Belize. We used camera traps to detect jaguar presence, and interviews to assess local people's attitudes to and perceptions of jaguars. We recorded 28 independent photographic events during 1,200 camera-trap nights (i.e. a relative abundance index of 2.3 jaguars per 100 trap days). Seven individual jaguars were identified. Jaguars preferred lowland broad-leaf tropical forest and were detected more often during daylight, in contrast to findings from previous studies. Attitudes towards jaguars were largely positive: 88% of respondents (n = 48) did not fear jaguars living around the village, and 81% understood the positive effect that jaguars have on the ecosystem. Although 92% of respondents reported seeing a jaguar within the previous 2 years, attacks on livestock in the village were rare, with only two occurrences in the previous 3 years. Ecotourism has grown rapidly in Belize in recent years, and Blue Creek is home to several natural tourist attractions and an eco-lodge that brings tourists, school groups, and researchers to the village. Ecotourism has provided an economic incentive for village investment in conservation, and 94% of respondents stated that preservation of wildlife, including jaguars, was beneficial to their well-being.

scholarly journals Distribución potencial del hábitat del jaguar y áreas de conflicto humano–jaguar en la Península de Yucatán.

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuauhtémoc Chávez Tovar ◽  
Heliot Zarza Villanueva
Keyword(s):  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Yucatan Peninsula ◽  
Panthera Onca ◽  
Yucatán Peninsula ◽  
Regional Strategies ◽  
Vegetation Use ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Domestic Livestock ◽  
Forest Coverage ◽  
Mayan Forest

Resumen: Las Selvas Mayas de la Península de Yucatán, México, mantienen una de las poblaciones más importantes de jaguar (Panthera onca) al norte de su distribución. Sin embargo, la región está sujeta a grandes cambios en su cobertura forestal debido al desarrollo humano y agropecuario de los últimos años. Esto ha ocasionado una reducción en el hábitat del jaguar y por consiguiente un incremento en la incidencia de ataques al ganado doméstico por jaguares, debido a ello es necesario contar con información sólida sobre las áreas de conflicto humano-jaguar para ser consideradas durante los planes de manejo y conservación a nivel regional. Nuestro análisis se basó en un grupo de variables (vegetación, uso de suelo, precipitación y clima) y una base de datos georeferenciados tanto de presencia de jaguares como de depredación de ganado domestico en la Península de Yucatán. Nosotros demostramos la posibilidad de modelar la distribución potencial de los sitios de conflicto humano-jaguar usando el método de máxima entropía (MaxEnt). Entre las variables usadas la vegetación demostró ser la variable que mejor explica la distribución potencial del jaguar. En cambio, el modelo de conflictos humano-jaguar muestra que el mayor número de casos de depredación se presenta alrededor de los asentamientos humanos, en ambientes dominados por actividades humanas. Modelar la distribución potencial de las áreas de conflicto humano-jaguar ofrece una gran oportunidad a los biólogos de la conservación y tomadores de decisiones para poder diseñar estrategias regionales para mitigar el conflicto con los depredadores con base en la distribución espacial potencial de los ataques.Palabras clave: Hábitat potencial, jaguar, depredación, Yucatán.Abstract: The Mayan Forest of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, maintain an of the most important populations of jaguar (Panthera onca) north of his distribution. However, the region is subject to big changes in this forest coverage because of the human and agriculture-livestock development of the last years. This has caused a reduction in the habitat of the jaguar and therefore an increase in the incidence of attacks to the domestic livestock by jaguars, because of this is necessary to have solid information on the areas of human-jaguar conflict to be considered during the management plans and conservation to regional level. Our analysis based in a group of variable (vegetation, use of soil, precipitation and climate) and a base of georeference data so much of presence of jaguars and of livestock depredation in the Yucatan Peninsula. We showed the possibility of model the potential distribution of the places of human-jaguar conflict using the method of maximum entropy (MaxEnt). Between the variables used the vegetation showed to be the variable than better explains the potential distribution of the jaguar. Instead, the model of human conflicts-jaguar show that the main number of cases of depredation present around the human settlements, in landscape dominated by human activities. Modeling the potential distribution of the areas of human-jaguar conflict- offers a big opportunity to the biologists of the conservation and decisions-makers to can design regional strategies to mitigate the conflict with the predatory with base in the spatial distribution potential of the attacks. Key words: Potencial habitat, jaguar, predation, Yucatán.

scholarly journals Using satellite estimates of aboveground biomass to assess carbon stocks in a mixed-management, semi-deciduous tropical forest in the Yucatan Peninsula

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Stephanie P. George-Chacón ◽  
David T. Milodowski ◽  
Juan Manuel Dupuy ◽  
Jean-François Mas ◽  
Mathew Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Yucatan Peninsula ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Yucatán Peninsula

scholarly journals Time partitioning between jaguar Panthera onca, puma Puma concolor and ocelot Leopardus pardalis (Carnivora: Felidae) in Costa Rica’s dry and rainforests

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hansel Herrera ◽  
Elpis Joan Chávez ◽  
Luis Diego Alfaro ◽  
Todd Fuller ◽  
Victor Montalvo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Panthera Onca ◽  
Activity Schedules ◽  
Temporal Separation ◽  
Leopardus Pardalis ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Time Partitioning ◽  
Temporal Interactions ◽  
Temporal Overlap

Segregation of the daily activity patterns is considered and important mechanism facilitating the coexistance of competing species. Here, we evaluated if temporal separation existed among jaguar (Panthera onca), puma (Puma concolor) and ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) and if their activity patterns were related to that of a particular prey. We used camera trap records to estimate the activity schedules of these predators and their prey. We used the coefficient of overlapping (Δ; ranging from 0 to 1) to quantify the temporal interactions between predators and prey, and calculated confidence intervals from bootstrap samples. Strong temporal overlap occurred among the three felids (Δ = 0.63 - 0.82) in both dry and rainforests. However, a greater temporal separation was observed between the closest competitors (jaguar and puma, puma and ocelot). Jaguar and puma had a strong temporal overlap with medium and large-sized prey, while ocelots’ activity matched that of small-sized prey. High overlapping coefficients among the felids suggest that temporal segregation is not the main mechanism facilitating their coexistence in these areas. However, fine-scale or spatiotemporal differences in their activity patterns might contribute to their coexistence in tropical environments.

scholarly journals Visitation patterns of jaguars Panthera onca (Carnivora: Felidae) to isolated water ponds in a tropical forest landscape

Therya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Gaitán ◽  
Vivian R. González-Castillo ◽  
Gerber D. Guzmán-Flores ◽  
Andrea L. Aguilera ◽  
Manolo J. García
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Forest Landscape ◽  
Panthera Onca ◽  
Visitation Rates ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Bodies Of Water

Jaguar populations have declined dramatically in the last century.  The Maya Biosphere Reserve (MBR) within the Selva Maya (SM) is a priority area for jaguar conservation.  Influential factors in the jaguar seasonal distribution include the availability of surface water in wetlands such as the “aguadas” and the availability of prey.  Aguadas are formed by isolated depressions in the landscape and serve as a water supply for wildlife during dry periods.  The goal of this study was to describe the visitation patterns of jaguars to aguadas in a Tropical forest at Dos Lagunas Protected Biotopo, a core zone of the MBR, Guatemala.  We used camera-trap data from seven aguadas during the dry seasons 2014-2017.  We determined visitation rates (VR, records for 1,000 trap-days) and activity patterns (AP) of jaguars for all years, aguadas, and sexes.  We tested for significant differences in AP between sexes, and we estimated the coefficient of overlap (D) for female and male jaguar activity.  We recorded 14 individuals (five females, eight males, and one unsexed) in 60 visit events.  Jaguars have significant more diurnal activity at aguadas, and showed a VR = 13.1 for 1,000 trap-days. VR varied between aguadas (VR = 9.5 – 19.4), years (VR = 1.9 – 39.2) and sexes (VR = 6.1 for females and 5.5 for males).  We did not find significant differences in the AP of female and male jaguars (P > 0.05). The coefficient of overlap between activity of females and males was D = 0.77 (95 % confidence interval: 0.70 to 0.84; P > 0.05).  Aguadas may represent regular sites of jaguar home-ranges overlap for the important resources they provide for wildlife during the dry season.  Aguadas could play an important role in the conservation and management of jaguar populations since the spatial distribution of these bodies of water is scattered, but ecologically important for jaguars within the MBR and the SM.  Aguadas also, are important landscape features that could influence the spatial interactions of individuals. We encourage jaguar researchers to increase investigation on jaguars visiting aguadas and other wetlands in the SM to better understand the jaguar activity patterns and sex-specific habitat requirements.

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