scholarly journals Invertebrates outcompete vertebrate facultative scavengers in simulated lynx kills in the Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.-R. Ray ◽  
◽  
H. Seibold ◽  
M. Heurich ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Management ◽  
National Park ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Lynx Lynx ◽  
Eurasian Lynx ◽  
Bavarian Forest

Understanding the role of scavengers in ecosystems is important for species conservation and wildlife management. We used road–killed animals, 15 in summer 2003 (June–August) and nine in winter 2003/2004 (from November to January), to test the following hypotheses: (1) vertebrate scavengers such as raven (Corvus corax), red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) consume a higher proportion of the carcasses than invertebrates; (2) the consumption rate is higher in winter than in summer due to the scarcity of other food resources; and (3) vertebrate scavengers are effective competitors of Eurasian lynx. We monitored 65 animals belonging to eight different mammal and bird species with camera traps. Surprisingly, Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) was the most important vertebrate scavenger. However, in both seasons, the consumption of vertebrate scavengers was of minor impact. In summer, the carcasses were completely consumed within 10 days, mostly by invertebrates. In winter, only 5% of the carcasses were consumed within 10 days and 16% within 15 days. We conclude that vertebrates in the Bavarian Forest National Park are not strong competitors for lynx.

scholarly journals Robust monitoring of the Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx in the Slovak Carpathians reveals lower numbers than officially reported

Oryx ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Kubala ◽  
Peter Smolko ◽  
Fridolin Zimmermann ◽  
Robin Rigg ◽  
Branislav Tám ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Habitats Directive ◽  
Lynx Lynx ◽  
Eurasian Lynx ◽  
Favourable Conservation Status ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Eu Habitats Directive ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx population in the Carpathian Mountains is considered to be one of the best preserved and largest in Europe and hence is a source for past and current reintroduction projects in central Europe. However, its status in Slovakia has been reported to the European Commission on the basis of hunters´ reports and expert estimates that have never been validated by a robust scientific approach. We conducted the first camera-trapping surveys to estimate the density of Eurasian lynx in Slovakia by means of spatial capture–recapture models in two reference areas during 2011–2015. We estimated population density per 100 km2 of suitable lynx habitat (posterior SD) as 0.58 ± SD 0.13 independent individuals (adults and subadults) in the Štiavnica Mountains and 0.81 ± SD 0.29 in Veľká Fatra National Park and surroundings. These are the lowest densities estimated using spatial capture–recapture models so far reported for the species, suggesting the lynx population in Slovakia is below carrying capacity. We suspect that low densities may be attributable to undetected human-caused mortality. Our results imply that official game statistics are substantially overestimated. Moreover, the lynx population in Slovakia may not be at favourable conservation status as required by the EU Habitats Directive. We therefore call for a thorough assessment of the density and trend of the Slovak Carpathian lynx population, and the establishment of a scientifically robust monitoring system.

scholarly journals The Vulnerable fishing cat Prionailurus viverrinus and other globally threatened species in Cambodia's coastal mangroves

Oryx ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 636-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ret Thaung ◽  
Vanessa Herranz Muñoz ◽  
Jeremy Holden ◽  
Daniel Willcox ◽  
Nicholas J. Souter
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Illegal Hunting ◽  
Manis Javanica

AbstractThe Vulnerable fishing cat Prionailurus viverrinus faces a perilous future in South-east Asia. It was last sighted in Cambodia in 2003. We deployed 16 camera traps at four sites in southern Cambodia during January–May 2015 to determine if the fishing cat was still present in the country. Eight photograph/video captures of fishing cats were recorded from the mangroves in Peam Krasop Wildlife Sanctuary and one from Ream National Park, but there were no records from Botum Sakor National Park or Prey Nup. A number of other globally threatened species were also photographed in Peam Krasop Wildlife Sanctuary: the Sunda pangolin Manis javanica, the hog deer Axis porcinus and the large-spotted civet Viverra megaspila. We learnt of the killing of an alleged fishing cat at the Sanctuary in July 2015 in retaliation for raiding fishing nets. Illegal hunting and capture of fishing cats for the wildlife trade were reported by local informants at all sites. We provide photographic and video evidence of the fishing cats and highlight the importance of Cambodia's mangroves for threatened species conservation.

scholarly journals First estimation of Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) abundance and density using digital cameras and capture–recapture techniques in a German national park

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Weingarth ◽  
◽  
C. Heibl ◽  
F. Knauer ◽  
F. Zimmermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lynx Lynx ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eurasian Lynx ◽  
Habitat Directive ◽  
Abundance Estimates ◽  
Capture Recapture

Eurasian lynx are individually identifiable by their unique coat markings, making them ideal candidates for capture–recapture (CMR) surveys. We evaluated the use of digital photography to estimate Eurasian lynx population abundance and density within the Bavarian Forest National Park. From November 2008 to January 2009 we placed 24 camera trap sites, each with two cameras facing each other on well–used walking tracks). The units were placed based on a systematic grid of 2.7 km. We captured five independent and three juvenile lynx and calculated abundance estimates using Program Mark. We also compared density estimates based on the MMDM method (Mean Maximum Distance Moved) from telemetry data (½MMDMGPS) and from camera trapping data (½MMDMCAM). We estimated that in an effectively sampled area of 664 km2 the Eurasian lynx density was 0.9 individuals/100 km2 with ½MMDMCAM. The Eurasian lynx density calculated with ½MMDMGPS was 0.4 individuals/100 km2 in an effectively sampled area of 1,381 km2. Our results suggest that long–term photographic CMR sampling on a large scale may be a useful tool to monitor population trends of Eurasian lynx in accordance with the Fauna–Flora–Habitat Directive of the European Union.

Survival and causes of death of European Roe Deer before and after Eurasian Lynx reintroduction in the Bavarian Forest National Park

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Heurich ◽  
Lisa Möst ◽  
Gunther Schauberger ◽  
Holger Reulen ◽  
Pavel Sustr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Eurasian Lynx ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bavarian Forest

scholarly journals Terrestrial mammal community richness and temporal overlap between tigers and other carnivores in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Sumatra

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
M. L. Allen ◽  
M. C. Sibarani ◽  
L. Utoyo ◽  
M. Krofel
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Terrestrial Mammal ◽  
Cuon Alpinus ◽  
Mammal Community ◽  
Temporal Overlap

Rapid and widespread biodiversity losses around the world make it important to survey and monitor endangered species, especially in biodiversity hotspots. Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) is one of the largest conserved areas on the island of Sumatra, and is important for the conservation of many threatened species. Sumatran tigers (Panthera tigris sumatrae) are critically endangered and serve as an umbrella species for conservation, but may also affect the activity and distribution of other carnivores. We deployed camera traps for 8 years in an area of Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) with little human activity to document the local terrestrial mammal community and investigate tiger spatial and temporal overlap with other carnivore species. We detected 39 mammal species including Sumatran tiger and several other threatened mammals. Annual species richness averaged 21.5 (range 19–24) mammals, and remained stable over time. The mammal order significantly affected annual detection of species and the number of cameras where a species was detected, while species conservation status did not. Tigers exhibited a diurnal activity pattern, and had the highest temporal overlap with marbled cats (Pardofelis marmorata), dholes (Cuon alpinus), and Malayan sun bears (Helarctos malayanus), but little overlap with other carnivores. These findings suggest that some smaller carnivores might be adjusting temporal activity to avoid tigers or mesocarnivores. The stable trends in richness of terrestrial mammal species show that BBSNP remains an important hotspot for the conservation of biodiversity.

Post-dispersal seed removal by rodents in Ranomafana rain forest, Madagascar

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onja H. Razafindratsima
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Rodent Species ◽  
Scatter Hoarding ◽  
Disturbed Habitat ◽  
Disturbed Habitats ◽  
Secondary Seed Dispersal

Abstract:Seed-consuming rodents are increasingly recognized for their roles in the maintenance of tree species diversity, by acting on crucial post seed-dispersal processes. Yet, studies examining the extent to which rodents may act as secondary seed dispersers and/or predators in Madagascar's forests are limited. Thread-marking seed experiments were run to address this, using the seeds of two native large-seeded, frugivore-dispersed tree species (Abrahamia thouvenotii and Cryptocarya crassifolia), in disturbed and less-disturbed habitats in the rain forests of Ranomafana National Park, during the dry season. Data show that post-dispersal handling of seeds by rodents (predation and removal) was significantly lower in disturbed than in less-disturbed habitats (1.31–3.78 times lower; n = 2200). Also, seeds were more likely to be predated or left on the forest ground after removal than being larder- or scatter-hoarded: 27–78% of the removed seeds were found on the ground, <12% found in burrows and there was no evidence of scatter-hoarding (n = 132). Based on pictures from camera traps, the native rodent species, Nesomys rufus, was potentially responsible for seed predation and/or removal in the less-disturbed habitat; but no indication of the rodent species active in the disturbed habitat was obtained. The lack of scatter-hoarding suggests a limited role of rodents in secondary seed dispersal in this system. These findings form a preliminary account of the potential roles of rodents in post seed-dispersal processes in Madagascar's forests, but this warrants further study.

scholarly journals Camera trapping rare and threatened avifauna in west-central Sumatra

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoan Dinata ◽  
Agung Nugroho ◽  
Iding Achmad Haidir ◽  
Matthew Linkie
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
West Central ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
Kerinci Seblat National Park ◽  
Central Sumatra

AbstractTropical forests are becoming increasingly degraded and fragmented by logging, which can affect the survival of forest bird species in different ways. In this study, we present avifauna data collected from a monitoring programme in west-central Sumatra that set camera traps in three study areas with different habitat types, levels of degradation and protection status. From 5,990 camera trap-nights, 248 independent bird photographs were recorded, comprising four orders and nine species, including three endemic species. The Great Argus Pheasant (Argusianus argus) was recorded in all study areas and most frequently (n = 202 photographs), followed by the threatened Salvadori's Pheasant (Lophura inornata). The greatest diversity of bird species (five) and abundance index (1.44 bird photographs/100 trap-nights) was recorded from a primary hill-submontane forest site located inside Kerinci Seblat National Park (KSNP) bordering degraded forest in a former logging concession recently repatriated into KSNP. However, inside a primary-selectively logged hill-submontane forest site spread over KSNP and an ex-logging concession, a Sumatran Ground Cuckoo (Carpococcyx viridis) was photographed. This species is noteworthy because prior to this study it had only been documented once since 1916. It is therefore crucial to use the camera trap results to increase the protection status for the ground cuckoo area. This has already happened in the other two study areas, where camera trap data have been used to reclassify the areas as Core Zones, the highest level of protection inside KSNP. This study illustrates how routine monitoring can have wider benefits through recording, and conserving, threatened and endemic non-target species in unexpected habitats that might not otherwise have been surveyed.

scholarly journals Habitat dan Interaksi Spatio-Temporal Merak Hijau dengan Sapi dan Herbivora Besar di Taman Nasional Baluran

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Satyawan Pudyatmoko
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Wild Mammal ◽  
Hunting Pressure ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Pavo Muticus ◽  
Green Peafowl ◽  
Habitat Variables

Merak hijau (Pavo muticus muticus) adalah species yang terancam punah dengan populasi yang terus menurun. Burung ini adalah jenis yang dilindungi di Indonesia, dan hidup di beberapa sisa-sisa habitat yang kebanyakan sempit dan dengan tingkat perburuan tinggi. Hal ini menyebabkan risiko kepunahan yang tinggi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Taman Nasional Baluran untuk menyelidiki pengaruh variabel habitat terhadap kemungkinan okupansi merak hijau serta interaksi spasial dan temporal antara merak hijau dengan sapi dan herbivora besar. Kehadiran merak hijau direkam dengan kamera trap dan variabel-variabel habitat diukur di tempat kamera trap dipasang. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kemungkinan okupansi merak hijau paling baik dijelaskan oleh model yang tidak melibatkan peran variabel habitat. Selain itu, ditemukan pula bahwa pola interaksi merak hijau dengan sapi mirip dengan pola interaksi merak hijau dengan sebagian besar herbivora besar. Tidak ada dampak negatif sapi terhadap kehadiran dan aktivitas harian merak hijau. Burung ini memiliki daya adaptasi yang cukup tinggi terhadap kondisi lingkungan yang berbeda. Penurunan populasi di Jawa mungkin lebih disebabkan karena tekanan perburuan yang tinggi daripada perubahan habitat. Habitat and Spatio-Temporal Interaction Between Green Peafowl with Cattle and Megaherbivores in Baluran National Park  Abstract Green peafowl (Pavo muticus muticus) is an endangered species, whose population is continuously declining. It is protected animal in Indonesia that occurs in remnant, and sometime small habitat with high hunting pressure, that made the animal prone to extinction. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of habitat on the occupancy probability of green fowl as well as the interaction between green peafowl and free-range cattle and wild mammal in Baluran National Park. The presence of animals in the study was recorded by camera traps, and the habitat variables were measured in the locations, where the camera traps were installed. The research found that the occupancy of green peafowl best explained by the model that not include any habitat variables. The pattern of interaction between green peafowl and domesticated cattle was similar to those of between green peafowl and the majority of wild mammal. There was no evidence of negative impact of domesticated cattle on the spatial occurrence as well as temporal activity of green peafowl. Green peafowl is a bird species with high adaptability to various environmental conditions. The population decrease of this animal in Java might be mainly due to high hunting pressure than habitat change.

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