scholarly journals Common–interest community agreements on private lands provide opportunity and scale for wildlife management

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Powell ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Private Lands

Private lands are critical to conservation planning for wildlife, worldwide. Agriculture subsidies, tax incentives, and conservation easements have been successfully used as tools to convert cropland to native vegetation. However, uncertain economies threaten the sustainability of these incentives. The wildlife management profession is in need of innovative models that support effective management of populations. I argue that biologists should consider the option of facilitating the development of private reserves to reduce the dependence of conservation on public investment. Private reserves can be enhanced by creating common–interest communities, which reduce the problem posed by limited size of individual properties. Cross–property agreements between landowners can provide economic incentives through forms of ecotourism, energy production, and/or enhanced agricultural production. I share two case studies that demonstrate how cross–property agreements may be beneficial to landowner’s finances and conservation of diverse wildlife communities, as well as providing an efficient structure for NGOs and management agencies to engage and support landowners.

scholarly journals The Nebraska Mesonet: Technical Overview of an Automated State Weather Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 2189-2200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Shulski ◽  
Stonie Cooper ◽  
Glen Roebke ◽  
Al Dutcher
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Calibration Laboratory ◽  
Data Utility ◽  
Crop Pest ◽  
Animal Management ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Animal

AbstractThe Nebraska Mesonet was established in 1981 as one of the nation’s first automated state weather networks. “Automated” is defined by the nature of the observations being made and recorded by machine, as opposed to observations made and recorded manually. At the time of inception, the five observing locations were geared toward servicing agricultural production applications. The Nebraska Mesonet has grown to 69 stations (as of 2018) and is now a multipurpose environmental observing network under the Nebraska State Climate Office (NSCO). The network is composed of environmental observation stations, sited using best practices for mesoscale and microscale environment situations. Precise observations are acquired using high-quality instrumentation, following manufacturer recommendations for calibrations and maintenance. Calibrations are performed in the NSCO calibration laboratory. Uses for the data include but are not limited to water management, drought monitoring, energy production, health, environmental research, animal management, and crop pest management. This paper provides a technical overview and history of the network, outlining current practices for station siting, maintenance, data quality assurance, and data utility.

scholarly journals Takings, Compensation and Endangered Species Protection on Private Lands

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Innes ◽  
Stephen Polasky ◽  
John Tschirhart
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Interest Group ◽  
Endangered Species Act ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Private Lands ◽  
The Public ◽  
Species Preservation ◽  
Endangered Species Protection

Preserving endangered species on private land benefits the public, but may confer cost on landowners if property is 'taken.' Government compensation to landowners can offset costs, although the Endangered Species Act does not require compensation. The authors survey private economic incentives for species preservation created by alternative property rights and compensation regimes. Compensation will effect investments in land and the willingness of landowners to collect and impart information about their land's preservation value. The authors also address government incentives and how deadweight costs of compensation will influence design of property rights, and how government's susceptibility to interest group pressure may cause inefficient preservation.

scholarly journals Anthropic Impacts on Microbiota and Chemical Properties of Cerrado Soil Through Soybean Cultivation

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
J. Henrique ◽  
J. M. R. da Luz ◽  
J. J. Carvalho ◽  
J. G. D. Silva ◽  
J. E. C. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Soybean Field ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

Population growth and improved gross domestic product may increase food consumption. Soybean is the main source of protein, lipids and mineral salts for human and domestic animals’ foods. Brazil is responsible of most of the soybeans produced in the world. However, soybean production in Tocantins/Brazil state caused a decrease in the Cerrado’s biome. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the anthropic impact of planting of soybean on microbial and physical-chemical properties of Cerrado’s soil. Soil samples were collected in three soybean farms (SF) of the Tocantins/Brazil state. They were collected in the soybean field, in native vegetation field, and in anthropogenic fragmentation area in the dry and wet seasons. The diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) were analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Regardless of the SF, physico-chemical indicators did not present significant differences between the seasons. The DGGE profiles of NFB and AMF genes were different between the soybean field and native vegetation field in both seasons. The viable cells counts and NFBs and AMFs diversity were influenced by the substitution of native vegetation for soybean. The increase of the agricultural production in Cerrado soil is worrisome, due to the endemic microorganisms that was observed in this study. In addition, anthropic action on the microbial community was more effective in the soybean field during the dry season, which showed the importance of maintaining an environmental reserve area within agricultural production units.

scholarly journals Does the irrigated mango cultivation in the semiarid change the Physical and chemical attributes of the soil?

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-414
Author(s):  
Leane Rodrigues dos Santos ◽  
Augusto Miguel Nascimento Lima ◽  
Marcos Sales Rodrigues ◽  
Jailson Cavalcante Cunha ◽  
Laura Paula Araújo dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The replacement of native vegetation by crops may result in changes in the chemical and physical attributes of the soil, preventing the sustainability of the agricultural production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate, in two consecutive years (2014 and 2015), the effect of irrigated mango cultivation in some physical and chemical attributes of the soil in relation to Caatinga in Petrolina-PE, Brazil. In areas under irrigated mango (under the canopy region and the row spacing) and Caatinga (taken as reference), soil samples were collected at the 0-10 and 10-20 cm depths. The chemical and physical analyzes were performed, and were calculated bases sum (BS), cations exchangeable capacity (CEC) and base saturation (V, %). The irrigate mango cultivation (canopy region) increased the macronutrients content (P, K, Ca and Mg), BS and V (%) for both evaluated years at the 0-10 and 10-20 cm depths. In soil under irrigated mango cultivation (under the canopy region and in the row spacing), the macronutrient contents presented a stochastic pattern in the years of 2014 and 2015. The change of land use, from Caatinga to irrigated mango cultivation, does not induce a negative impact in the soil chemical attributes under the adopted management conditions.

scholarly journals Analysis of Structure and Efficiency of State Support of Agriculture of Orenburg Region

Vestnik NSUEM ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 122-129
Author(s):  
E. V. Shevrina ◽  
V. N. Afanasyev
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
State Support ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
Land Relations ◽  
Favorable State ◽  
Rural Producers

The development of agriculture largely depends on the creation of favorable state economic conditions, including in the form of state support for rural producers. The paper analyzes the results of state support of farmers of the Orenburg region over the past three years. In the Orenburg region, there is a decrease in state support. The downward trend has caused negative performance of agricultural enterprises. State support for the livestock industry has decreased.The experience of previous years has shown the need for public investment in animal husbandry. Crop production in the region absorbs half of public funds. In our opinion, crop production of the Orenburg region copes for a long period without the participation of the state. Due to underfunding of livestock in the region, the third part of agricultural organizations in the region is unprofitable. In 2018, the index of agricultural production decreased by ten percentage points compared to 2017. Research in the work, the structure of public investment, is of scientific interest, and the conclusions drawn are of practical importance for the regulation and management of state support. This is important not only for agriculture in the Orenburg region, but also for agricultural production in other regions of the Russian Federation.The increase in state investments in crop production in the regions of the Russian Federation speaks about the imperfection of land relations. Most of the rural producers work on leased land. Public finances settle with landowners, most often at the helm of state power or criminals.

Does FDI moderate the role of public R&D in accelerating agricultural production in Africa?

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Kofi Adom ◽  
Dosse Mawussi Djahini-Afawoubo ◽  
Saidi Atanda Mustapha ◽  
Stephane Gandjon Fankem ◽  
Nghargbu Rifkatu
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Positive Effects

PurposeThe agriculture sector in Africa is a major employer, but production levels have fallen short of demand. To match future demand, public investment in research and development (R&D) is required. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how foreign direct investments (FDIs) moderate the effects of public R&D on Africa’s agricultural production.Design/methodology/approachThis study estimates an unbalanced panel fixed effect model that consists of 28 African countries covering the period 1980–2014.FindingsPublic R&D increases production in the agriculture sector, however, the effects reverse after ten years. Though FDIs have direct positive effects on production, indirectly, it reduces the productivity potential of public R&D due to the possible dependency syndrome associated with FDIs. Traditional inputs like land, capital, and labour and good political institutions positively drive production, but adverse changes in the weather reduce production.Practical implicationsThere should be a frequent update of R&D and improvement in maintenance culture. FDIs should be seen as complementary efforts, and not as substitute efforts to domestic investment efforts in R&D.Originality/valueInsufficient domestic investment has increased the dependence on FDIs. In this regard, FDIs effect on production could be tricky since it increases the volatility in agricultural R&D. This paper contributes to the literature by examining how FDIs moderate the effects of public R&D on output.

scholarly journals The Efforts towards and Challenges of Greece’s Post-Lignite Era: The Case of Megalopolis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10575
Author(s):  
Vangelis Marinakis ◽  
Alexandros Flamos ◽  
Giorgos Stamtsis ◽  
Ioannis Georgizas ◽  
Yannis Maniatis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Household Energy ◽  
Regional Unit ◽  
Phase Out

Greece has historically been one of the most lignite-dependent countries in Europe, due to the abundant coal resources in the region of Western Macedonia and the municipality of Megalopolis, Arcadia (region of Peloponnese). However, a key part of the National Energy and Climate Plan is to gradually phase out the use of lignite, which includes the decommissioning of all existing lignite units by 2023, except the Ptolemaida V unit, which will be closed by 2028. This plan makes Greece a frontrunner among countries who intensively use lignite in energy production. In this context, this paper investigates the environmental, economic, and social state of Megalopolis and the related perspectives with regard to the energy transition, through the elaboration of a SWOT analysis, highlighting the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the municipality of Megalopolis and the regional unit of Arcadia. The analysis is based on four main pillars, namely “clean energy”, “smart agricultural production”, “sustainable tourism”, and “other (e.g., industry, technology, and education)”. The integration of the “Energy Efficiency First” principle, the mitigation of household energy poverty (especially in a region with district heating installations), and collectively driven energy actions for engaging and empowering younger generations (e.g., in the form of next-generation energy communities) are among the solutions that are expected to have a significant contribution towards Megalopolis’ just energy transition.

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