scholarly journals The effect of habitat degradation, season and gender on morphological parameters of lesser jerboas (Jaculus jaculus L.) in Kuwait

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
M. Al–Mutairi ◽  
◽  
F. Mata ◽  
R. Bhuller ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Escape Behaviour ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
And Gender

Arid environments suffer anthropogenic interference causing habitat degradation. This degradation can influence animal populations. We randomly captured a total of 198 lesser jerboas Jaculus jaculus in three seasons (autumn, spring and summer) in two relatively close areas (intact and degraded). All animals were sexed, and weight, body and tail length, and thigh thickness were taken. We found significant differences in weight (p < 0.001), which was lower in summer (p < 0.05) when fewer food resources were available. Thigh thickness was greater in the intact habitat (p < 0.01), explained by the greater amount of food resources and also by the higher numbers of predators in this area, prompting escape behaviour. Females in the intact area were heavier and had longer bodies and tails. This was related to greater availability of time for mothers to search for food in this area.

AGE AND GENDER DIFFERENCES IN GROWTH OF MASS, LENGTH AND WIDTH OF CALVARIA IN ONTOGENESIS OF ROMANOV BREED SHEEP

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
Biological Laws ◽  
And Gender ◽  
One Year ◽  
Breed Sheep ◽  
Uterine Development

This article presents the results of scientific studies of morphometric indicators of calvary in the pre-and postnatal ontogenesis of Romanov breed sheep. Changes related to the sex of experimental animals were also studied. In order to detect general patterns of growth of calvari morphological parameters, the age stages of selecting material for research were determined: from a 2-month-old fetus to 12 months of postnatal life and from adult sheep 5-6 years old. We measured the mass, length and width of the studied material. The data obtained were subjected to statistical processing. The calvary maturity at each age in percentage, was determined. As a result of our studies, we were able to establish that the growth of linear indicators of calvary subjected to general biological laws of a decrease in its intensity with age, i.e. more rapidly, it proceeds in uterine development compared with postnatal. As for the changes in sex-related animals, it was found that growth of mass, length and width of calvary occurs in both sexes simultaneously and with almost the same intensity. In their growth, two decreases are observed: the first - before birth and the second - from 3 to 6 months. Throughout the entire periods of research, the calvary mass in females approaches its final value faster, and its length, on the contrary, in males. As for its width, in uterine development it grows somewhat faster than in females, and after birth in males. By one-year-old age of sheep, none of the calvari indicators in either males or females reaches its definitive state.

COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF THE PIG`S RECTUM AND HUMAN`S RECTUM VIA 3D RECONSTRUCTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 2354-2357
Author(s):  
Roman О. Plakhotnyi ◽  
Іryna V. Кerechanyn ◽  
Larysa Ya. Fedoniuk ◽  
Tеtiana I. Trunina ◽  
Lylia M. Yaremenko
Keyword(s):  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

The aim: To define an ability to use pig as biomodel for experimental and clinical studies in order to develop new approaches of treatment of the rectal pathology. Materials and methods: For the research two groups were used. I group includes 50 humans (27 females and 23 males), II group includes 8 vietnamese pot-bellied pigs. After magneresonance Imaging the 3D reconstruction of rectum was made. Results and conclusions: Topography, structure, age and gender peculiarities of pig`s and human`s rectum in comparative aspect are described in this article. With the help of modern methods, namely 3D reconstruction, the structure of the pig`s and human`s rectum was reconstructed. The morphological parameters, such as size of anorectal and rectosigmoid angles, the length of the rectum and its parts, were determinated. The 3D reconstruction demonstrated that size of anorectal and rectosigmoid angles, the length of the pig`s rectum are morphologicaly identical to the same parametres of human`s rectum. Thus, it is proved that pigs can be used as biomodels in experimental and clinical studies for development the new methods of treatment the rectal pathology in humans.

scholarly journals How Roads Affect the Spatial Use of the Guanaco in a South American Protected Area: Human Connectivity vs Animal Welfare

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavio M. Cappa ◽  
Carlos E. Borghi ◽  
Stella M. Giannoni
Keyword(s):  
Camera Traps ◽  
South American ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Lama Guanicoe ◽  
Unpaved Road ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Spatial Use ◽  
Paved Road ◽  
Management And Conservation ◽  
Density Population

Roads can affect animals as well as their habits at different levels. Avoidance behavior is a common response of animals to this type of perturbation, preventing access to areas rich in resources. The effects of roads on ungulates have not been studied in South America extensively, especially in arid environments. We have studied the space use by ungulates in relation to roads, using a dung heap count and camera traps. The aim was to evaluate whether paved road and unpaved road may have an effect on the spatial use of a low density population of guanacos (Lama guanicoe) in Ischigualasto Provincial Park, Argentina. We observed an increase in dung heap abundance in unpaved road as respect to paved road, this difference was larger for both. Besides, we recorded less individuals in paved road zones than in unpaved road zones. This showed that roads, especially paved roads, negatively affect the space used by guanacos. Our results are relevant to the management and conservation of animal populations in protected areas since spatial segregation due to the presence of roads may lead to the isolation of individuals. It is important to pay attention and further assess the effects that roads can have in the native fauna.

Animal Populations in Relation to Their Food Resources.

1971 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 978
Author(s):  
B. Shorrocks ◽  
A. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Food Resources ◽  
Animal Populations

scholarly journals Inflated population density of island antechinus: a case of allochthonous marine inputs leading to increased food availability?

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Sale ◽  
J. P. Y. Arnould
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Colonial Seabirds ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Food Subsidies ◽  
Marine Food ◽  
Island Habitats

Resource availability and other processes that affect maintenance, growth and decline of animal populations are central to ecology and conservation. This study quantified features indicative of population fitness and the availability of food resources for island and mainland populations of an insectivorous marsupial, the swamp antechinus (Antechinus minimus). The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that colonial seabirds increase productivity of island habitats, ultimately providing greater food resources. The study found that antechinus biomass density was 4–13 times greater on the island site compared with the mainland site and was associated with higher recapture rates, suggesting that more individuals were surviving on the island during spring and summer months. An index of antechinus food availability (abundance and biomass of invertebrates) was also higher on the island site. Island antechinus also accessed marine food subsidies, in the form of seabird carrion, during the energetically demanding post-weaning growth period in spring and summer. Furthermore, based on soil nutrient and stable isotope analyses, there was strong evidence of nutrient enrichment from marine sources in the island ecosystem, commonly linked to increased productivity. Therefore, greater antechinus biomass and abundance on offshore islands are likely to be, in part, due to greater survival caused by higher availability of food resources.

scholarly journals Do Host-Consumed Resources Increase Endoparasitic But Decrease Ectoparasitic Infections?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brin Shayhorn ◽  
Chloe Ramsay ◽  
Kristi Medina ◽  
Erin Sauer ◽  
Jason R. Rohr
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Generation Times ◽  
Osteopilus Septentrionalis ◽  
Future Work

Abstract Habitat loss and disease outbreak play a major role in the decline of biodiversity. Habitat degradation is often associated with reduced food resources, which can lead to less investment in host immunity and increased infections. However, pathogens use host resources for replication and pathogen traits, such as infecting hosts internally or short generation times, might allow pathogens to rapidly capitalize on host-consumed nutrients. Thus, it is unclear whether increased food consumption by hosts should reduce or amplify pathogen levels. We conducted experiments on Cuban treefrogs (Osteopilus septentrionalis) to test how food availability affects infection levels of Ranavirus and the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which are both associated with mass die-offs of amphibians. Given that Ranavirus is an endoparasite with a much shorter generation time than the ectoparasitic Bd, we postulated that Ranavirus might be able to capitalize on host-consumed resources more quickly than Bd. We hypothesized that increased food availability to hosts might reduce Bd infections more than Ranavirus infections. As predicted, augmenting food access decreased Bd infection intensity, but increased Ranavirus infection intensity. Future work should assess whether pathogen traits, such as generation time and endo- versus ectoparasitism, generally affect whether food resources more positively benefit hosts or pathogens.

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