Letture interpretative degli spazi della produzione e del consumo della regione urbana di Barcellona

TERRITORIO ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Lorena Vecslir ◽  
Antonio Font
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Industrial Estates ◽  
Shopping Centres

- The article discusses the findings of in-depth research into the reorganisation of settlements in the urban region of Barcelona following the construction of new transport infrastructures. The study, which combines geographical readings with a detailed functional and morphological analysis of several ‘fragments' of the area, focuses mostly on the system for locating shopping centres and industrial estates, both of which have played key innovative roles in the recent local transformations. In the case of the shopping centres one is dealing with new forms of organised distribution, while as regards industrial estates it is the development of cutting-edge technology that holds sway. The construction of these large-scale complexes is inseparable from the formation of new centres, some of which are characterised by functional specialisation, others by the synergy between compatible activities that exploit their spatial proximity in terms of capacity to attract and rational use of common services.

Scientific-methodological approach to the substantiation of the rational seasonal scenario of using combine harvesters by large-scale agricultural producers

2020 ◽  
pp. 205-217
Author(s):  
V. Skibchyk ◽  
V. Dnes ◽  
R. Kudrynetskyi ◽  
O. Krypuch
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Production Unit ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Combine Harvesters

Аnnotation Purpose. To increase the efficiency of technological processes of grain harvesting by large-scale agricultural producers due to the rational use of combine harvesters available on the farm. Methods. In the course of the research the methods of system analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, system-factor and system-event approaches, graphic method were used. Results. Characteristic events that occur during the harvesting of grain crops, both within a single production unit and the entire agricultural producer are identified. A method for predicting time intervals of use and downtime of combine harvesters of production units has been developed. The roadmap of substantiation the rational seasonal scenario of the use of grain harvesters of large-scale agricultural producers is developed, which allows estimating the efficiency of each of the scenarios of multivariate placement of grain harvesters on fields taking into account influence of natural production and agrometeorological factors on the efficiency of technological cultures. Conclusions 1. Known scientific and methodological approaches to optimization of machine used in agriculture do not take into account the risks of losses of crops due to late harvesting, as well as seasonal natural and agrometeorological conditions of each production unit of the farmer, which requires a new approach to the rational use of rational seasonal combines of large agricultural producers. 2. The developed new approach to the substantiation of the rational seasonal scenario of the use of combined harvesters of large-scale agricultural producers allows taking into account the costs of harvesting of grain and the cost of the lost crop because of the lateness of harvesting at optimum variants of attraction of additional free combine harvesters. provides more profit. 3. The practical application of the developed road map will allow large-scale agricultural producers to use combine harvesters more efficiently and reduce harvesting costs. Keywords: combine harvesters, use, production divisions, risk, seasonal scenario, large-scale agricultural producers.

scholarly journals Modeling regional impacts and resilience to water service disruptions in urban economies

2021 ◽  
pp. 239980832199870
Author(s):  
Sheree A Pagsuyoin ◽  
Joost R Santos
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
National Capital Region ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
The Impact

Water is a critical natural resource that sustains the productivity of many economic sectors, whether directly or indirectly. Climate change alongside rapid growth and development are a threat to water sustainability and regional productivity. In this paper, we develop an extension to the economic input-output model to assess the impact of water supply disruptions to regional economies. The model utilizes the inoperability variable, which measures the extent to which an infrastructure system or economic sector is unable to deliver its intended output. While the inoperability concept has been utilized in previous applications, this paper offers extensions that capture the time-varying nature of inoperability as the sectors recover from a disruptive event, such as drought. The model extension is capable of inserting inoperability adjustments within the drought timeline to capture time-varying likelihoods and severities, as well as the dependencies of various economic sectors on water. The model was applied to case studies of severe drought in two regions: (1) the state of Massachusetts (MA) and (2) the US National Capital Region (NCR). These regions were selected to contrast drought resilience between a mixed urban–rural region (MA) and a highly urban region (NCR). These regions also have comparable overall gross domestic products despite significant differences in the distribution and share of the economic sectors comprising each region. The results of the case studies indicate that in both regions, the utility and real estate sectors suffer the largest economic loss; nonetheless, results also identify region-specific sectors that incur significant losses. For the NCR, three sectors in the top 10 ranking of highest economic losses are government-related, whereas in the MA, four sectors in the top 10 are manufacturing sectors. Furthermore, the accommodation sector has also been included in the NCR case intuitively because of the high concentration of museums and famous landmarks. In contrast, the Wholesale Trade sector was among the sectors with the highest economic losses in the MA case study because of its large geographic size conducive for warehouses used as nodes for large-scale supply chain networks. Future modeling extensions could potentially include analysis of water demand and supply management strategies that can enhance regional resilience against droughts. Other regional case studies can also be pursued in future efforts to analyze various categories of drought severity beyond the case studies featured in this paper.

scholarly journals Mobility patterns are associated with experienced income segregation in large US cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Moro ◽  
Dan Calacci ◽  
Xiaowen Dong ◽  
Alex Pentland
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Residential Patterns ◽  
Income Segregation ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Mobility Behavior

AbstractTraditional understanding of urban income segregation is largely based on static coarse-grained residential patterns. However, these do not capture the income segregation experience implied by the rich social interactions that happen in places that may relate to individual choices, opportunities, and mobility behavior. Using a large-scale high-resolution mobility data set of 4.5 million mobile phone users and 1.1 million places in 11 large American cities, we show that income segregation experienced in places and by individuals can differ greatly even within close spatial proximity. To further understand these fine-grained income segregation patterns, we introduce a Schelling extension of a well-known mobility model, and show that experienced income segregation is associated with an individual’s tendency to explore new places (place exploration) as well as places with visitors from different income groups (social exploration). Interestingly, while the latter is more strongly associated with demographic characteristics, the former is more strongly associated with mobility behavioral variables. Our results suggest that mobility behavior plays an important role in experienced income segregation of individuals. To measure this form of income segregation, urban researchers should take into account mobility behavior and not only residential patterns.

Megastructures. What is really the point?

TERRITORIO ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Alvaro Domingues
Keyword(s):  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Settlement Pattern ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Transport Networks ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Rural Roads ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Industrial Estates ◽  
Local Transport

- The article explores megastructures in relation to their impact on local transport networks and nodes. The area examined is Portugal, where the recent construction of giant shopping malls, industrial estates and logistics centres has in turn led to large-scale infrastructures that have been superimposed on a settlement pattern consisting, in many cases, of urban agglomerations serviced by rural roads. The resulting landscape reveals a juxtaposition of completely different elements in terms of both scale and impact, often the outcome of urban zoning projects intruding on fragmented urbanisation. The resulting image is one of scattered settlement patterns. Behind these phenomena one can see the effects of splintering urbanism. The difficulty in coordinating, in time and space, the decisions made and actions taken by a wide variety of individuals and institutions is becoming increasingly more complex.

scholarly journals An Assessment of the Functioning of Shopping Centres in Central‑Eastern Europe on the Example of “Posnania Mall” in Poznań (Poland) and “Grand Mall” in Varna

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-113
Author(s):  
Sławomir Palicki ◽  
Stoyan Stoyanov ◽  
Ivo Kostov ◽  
Tsvetelina Atanasova ◽  
Patrycjusz Ostrowski
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Market Reactions ◽  
Shopping Centre ◽  
Shopping Centres ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
The Impact

The article explores the issue of the function of shopping centres, in particular the analysis of the impact of their presence on society and the local development of cities and regions. Regarding the empirical aspect, the examples of Poznań (Poland) and Varna (Bulgaria) will be presented. As a result of similar socio‑economic conditions and joining the European Union at almost the same moment, all comparative studies reflecting preferences and market reactions seem both viable and interesting. In addition, the two cities chosen for the studies occupy a similar place in the hierarchy of the settlement network in their countries. They are large, well‑developed centres that attract the attention of investors from various segments of the real estate market. The research is part of the modelling of preferences of shopping centre customers areas, which in particular supports the investment decisions of developers operating in the analysed real estate market, and at the same time permits a diagnosis of social satisfaction. A derivative of the research is also the reconstruction of the effects of the functioning of large‑scale shopping malls in two Central‑Eastern European countries.

Networking to success

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-17
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Reading Time ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings Spatial proximity is a key facet of the success of local networks of SMEs. If done correctly, these networks of SMEs are able to boost profitability, cut costs, and challenge established players successfully. Originality The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

scholarly journals Microbial Interactions in Oral Communities Mediate Emergent Biofilm Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.I. Diaz ◽  
A.M. Valm
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Cooperation ◽  
Cell Cell

Oral microbial communities are extraordinarily complex in taxonomic composition and comprise interdependent biological systems. The bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses that thrive within these communities engage in extensive cell-cell interactions, which are both beneficial and antagonistic. Direct physical interactions among individual cells mediate large-scale architectural biofilm arrangements and provide spatial proximity for chemical communication and metabolic cooperation. In this review, we summarize recent work in identifying specific molecular components that mediate cell-cell interactions and describe metabolic interactions, such as cross-feeding and exchange of electron acceptors and small molecules, that modify the growth and virulence of individual species. We argue, however, that although pairwise interaction models have provided useful information, complex community-like systems are needed to study the properties of oral communities. The networks of multiple synergistic and antagonistic interactions within oral biofilms give rise to the emergent properties of persistence, stability, and long-range spatial structure, with these properties mediating the dysbiotic transitions from health to oral diseases. A better understanding of the fundamental properties of interspecies networks will lead to the development of effective strategies to manipulate oral communities.

Performance evaluation of cutting-edge dielectric elastomers for large-scale actuator applications

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 075003 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Jordi ◽  
A Schmidt ◽  
G Kovacs ◽  
S Michel ◽  
P Ermanni
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Dielectric Elastomers

Drivers of Degradation: Linking Large-scale Degradation to Human Influence in the Nigerian Guinea Savannah

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ademola. A Adenle ◽  
Chinwe Ifejika Speranza
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Relation ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Land Use Management ◽  
Human Influence

<p>The Nigerian Guinea Savannah is the largest agro-ecological belt, encompassing about 49% of Nigeria, and is one of the most diverse, fragile and threatened ecosystems in the country.  Land degradation in the zone is a serious challenge driven by deforestation, agriculture and other livelihood needs. Yet the link between land degradation and unsustainable human influence is widely acknowledged but spatially under explored. The study thus examined the spatial relation of human influence with land degradation in order to inform better land use management. We updated the Human Influence Index by combining the following spatial layers, namely: (1) distance to a major city; (2) land use/land cover; (3) human population density; (4) distance to major roads; (5) distance to railways; and (6) navigable waterways. We then overlaid the Human Influence Index with MODIS-derived land degradation status in order to explain the level of human influence on land degradation. In total, 38% of the Nigerian Guinea Savannah land area are becoming more degraded, while 14% and 48% of the remaining area show either improvement or no change, respectively. However, spatial proximity of human activities was observed to influence land degradation, but with more degradation occurring in areas of low population density. This shows that the spatial pattern of Human Influence Index data cannot completely explain land degradation in the zone. We thus present a more holistic approach to identifying human influence on land degradation in the Nigerian Guinea Savannah.  </p>

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