La cittŕ in-visibile. Analisi statistica spaziale degli stranieri nel comune di Roma

Sustainable Site System

10.32920/ryerson.14657196.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jorden J. S. Lefler

Keyword(s):

Urban Area ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Architectural Design ◽

Heat Island ◽

Rating Systems ◽

Island Effect ◽

Key Points ◽

Site Design ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

This thesis discusses a method of analysing the input of interventions in a building's site design, all of which affect the heat island effect, bio-diversity and hydrology of urban areas. Existing standards from Toronto, Vancouver and Berlin have been researched and analysed. This paper presents an evolution of a method called biotope area factor used in Berlin, Germany. A synthesis of the approach of all three systems was considered and distilled into the key points which were then incorporated into the proposed method. In addition to the impact of an individual building, it also includes the impact from the adjacent street area. The final components of this thesis are the application of the method developed to an urban area in the city of Toronto and results showing the impacts on architectural design from site rating systems.

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An automated classification system for urban areas matching the ‘city country fingers’ pattern: the cases of Kamakura (Japan) and Acireale (Italy) cities

Journal of Urban Ecology ◽

10.1093/jue/juab023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Roberto Spina ◽

Emiliano Tramontana

Keyword(s):

Urban Area ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Google Earth ◽

Classification Model ◽

Complete Analysis ◽

City Development ◽

Essential Condition ◽

Green Areas ◽

The City

Abstract The uncontrolled expansion of urban areas is one of the main factors that reduce the liveability of cities. In recent years, to contrast urban sprawl, several nations have promoted policies aimed at developing urban green spaces. The importance of green oases within cities had already been highlighted, in 1977, by the architect Christopher Alexander who had developed a series of patterns including ‘City Country Fingers’ claiming that city development should consider the prolongation of country land in to the urban area. In several cities, especially in Japan, it is possible to recognize the imprint of urban development based on country fingers. This term refers to extensive urban intersections of agricultural land or wooded hills which, from the peripheral areas, penetrate the city. Inside them, there are urban windows, called city fingers, whose development direction is opposite to those of the country fingers. To recognize and analyze, in an automated way, these particular structures, a Python-based application was created. Starting from the original high-resolution image of Google Earth, a complete analysis was performed, labeling and delimiting urban and vegetational areas and extrapolating the main geometric parameters of the country and city fingers. The finalization of the results obtained was carried out through a classification model whose criteria were based on Alexander’s pattern. Thanks to this classification scheme, the distinction between Active Green Areas (country fingers) and Passive Green Areas (gardens and public parks) have been revealed for the analyzed cities. The tests performed showed almost ideal conditions for the city of Kamakura and a limited match for the urban area of Acireale. The proposed method is suitable for fields of application that require a qualitative and quantitative determination of the vegetation cover present within the city, an essential condition for correct territorial planning.

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Simulation of the Cooking Organic Aerosol Concentration Variability in an Urban Area

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-10090 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Evangelia Siouti ◽

Ksakousti Skyllakou ◽

Ioannis Kioutsioukis ◽

Giancarlo Ciarelli ◽

Spyros N. Pandis

Keyword(s):

Urban Area ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

Late Summer ◽

Field Studies ◽

Organic Aerosol ◽

Basis Set ◽

Cooking Times ◽

The City ◽

Lunch Time

Cooking operations can be an important fine PM source for urban areas. Cooking emissions are a source of pollution that has been often ignored and are not included or are seriously underestimated in urban emission inventories. However, several field studies in cities all over Europe suggest that cooking organic aerosol (COA) can be an important component of the total organic PM. In this study we propose and evaluate a methodology for the simulation of the COA concentration and its variability in space and time in an urban area. The city of Patras, the third biggest in Greece is used for this first application for a typical late summer period. The spatial distribution of COA emissions is based on the exact location of restaurants and grills, while the emissions on the meat consumption in Greece. We estimated COA emissions of 150 kg d-1 that corresponds to 0.6 g d-1 per person. The temporal distribution of COA was based on the known cooking times and the results of the past field studies in the area. Half of the daily COA is emitted during dinner time (21:00-0:00 LT), while approximately 25% during lunch time (13:00-16:00 LT). The COA is simulated using the Volatility Basis Set with a volatility distribution measured in the laboratory and is treated as semivolatile and reactive. The maximum average COA concentration during the simulation period is predicted to be 1.3 &#956;g m-3 in a mainly pedestrian area with a high density of restaurants. Peak hourly COA concentrations in this area exceed 10 &#956;g m-3 during several nights. The local production of secondary COA is predicted to be slow and it represents just a few percent of the total COA.&#160;

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Spatial distribution of triatomines (Reduviidae: Triatominae) in urban areas of the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

Geospatial health ◽

10.4081/gh.2011.172 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 199 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Karine De Souza O. Santana ◽

Maria Emília Bavia ◽

Artur Dias Lima ◽

Isabel Cristina S. Guimarães ◽

Ênio Silva Soares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Urban Areas ◽

The City

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Incentivo para o plantio de árvores nativas em áreas urbanas para proliferação de abelhas sem ferrão

ACTA Apicola Brasilica ◽

10.18378/aab.v3i2.3449 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 01

Author(s):

G. Martins ◽

R. L. S. Ferraz ◽

J. L. Batista ◽

M. A. Barbosa

Keyword(s):

Environmental Education ◽

Urban Area ◽

Tree Species ◽

Human Activities ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Stingless Bees ◽

Native Plants ◽

Average Height ◽

Native Trees ◽

The City

Em decorrência de atividades antrópicas exploratórias, tem ocorrido aumento na supressão de espécies arbóreas, refletindo na biodiversidade e equilíbrio dos ecossistemas, reduzindo a população de espécies de abelhas. Objetivou-se com este trabalho, fazer um levantamento da ocorrência de árvores, nidificações e espécies de abelhas com intuito de incentivar o plantio de espécimes, principalmente nativos, na área urbana, para que ocorra uma maior proliferação das abelhas indígenas sem ferrão. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo na Praça Dr. Joaquim Batista na cidade de Jaboticabal, SP. Através de consultas em literatura especializada, identificou-se o número de espécies arbóreas e abelhas sem ferrão, o número e altura média de nidificações, além da coleta de sementes para produção de mudas. Foram identificadas 27 espécies de árvores nativas, 14 exóticas, cinco de abelhas sem ferrão, 37 nidificações, com altura média geral de 2,3 m, além da produção de 20 mudas nativas. A elevada ocorrência de nidificações em plantas nativas e a presença de sementes, demonstram a adaptabilidade destes polinizadores, além de subsidiar a viabilidade da proposta de incentivar o plantio de espécimes, principalmente nativas em área urbana para a proliferação das abelhas indígenas sem ferrão. Estudos complementares podem ser realizados visando educação ambiental nestes locais.Encouraging the planting of native trees in the urban area for proliferation of stingless beesAs a result of exploratory human activities, there has been an increase in the suppression of tree species, reflecting on biodiversity and ecosystem balance, reducing the population of bee species. The objective of this work, to survey the occurrence of trees, Nest establishment and bee species in order to encourage the planting of species, mostly native, in urban areas, so that there is a higher proliferation of indigenous stingless bees. Therefore, we carried out a study in Dr. Joaquim Batista Square in the city of Jaboticabal, SP. Through consultations in the literature, we identified the number of tree species and stingless bees, the average number and height of Nest establishment, besides the collection of seeds for seedlings. They identified 27 species of native trees, 14 exotic, five of stingless bees, 37 Nest establishment, with overall average height of 2.3 m, in addition to producing 20 native seedlings. The high occurrence of Nest establishment of native plants and the presence of seeds demonstrate the adaptability of these pollinators, in addition to supporting the viability of the proposal to encourage the planting of specimens, especially in urban areas native to the proliferation of indigenous stingless bees. Additional studies can be conducted to environmental education in these places.

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The relationship between dental caries and carbohydrates intake among preschool-aged children in rural and urban areas

Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.24198/pjd.vol29no3.14319 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Rina Putri Noer Fadilah ◽

Azkya Patria Nawawi ◽

Andi Supriatna ◽

Sri Sarwendah ◽

Ratih Widyasari

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Urban Area ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Average Value ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Rural And Urban Area ◽

The Relationship ◽

The City ◽

Preschool Aged Children

Introduction: The prevalence of dental caries among children has increased in the past decades. Dental caries has a multifactorial aetiology, including host (saliva and teeth), microbiology (plaque), substrate (diet), and time. The role of fermentable carbohydrates intake as a risk factor in the initiation and progression of dental caries. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between dental caries and carbohydrates intake among preschool-aged children in rural and urban areas of the city of Cimahi, Indonesia. Methods: The method used was an analytical cross-sectional study with pathfinder survey based on the WHO basic methods of oral health surveys. The data were collected through intraoral examination, and nutritional status measurement was done by using food frequency questionnaire. Statistical analysis used was the chi-square test. Results: From the study towards 100 preschool children resulted the prevalence of dental caries in rural and urban area respectively was 96 and 92%. The average value of deft index in urban area was 8.46 (95% CI:7.00-9.91) and was 7.98 (95% CI:6.50-9.45) in rural area. The average value of sucrose intake frequency in urban area was 237.14 (95% CI:204.95-269.32), whilst in rural area was 177.54 (95% CI:155.66-199.41). Conclusion: There was a relationship between dental caries and carbohydrates intake among preschool-aged children in the rural and urban area of the city of Cimahi, Indonesia.

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Machas de inundação no município de Itajubá-MG

ForScience ◽

10.29069/forscience.2020v8n2.e594 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. e00594

Author(s):

Caik Elisio Tonelli Faria ◽

Alexandre Augusto Barbosa

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Urban Area ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Urban Population ◽

Computer Programs ◽

Environmental Problems ◽

History Of ◽

The City ◽

Planning Problems

Problemas e catástrofes geradas por ações da natureza são cíclicos na história de nosso planeta.Um desses problemas, se não o principal e mais recorrente, são as inundações que vêm ocasionando diversos prejuízos tanto para a população quanto para os municípios em geral. Com o município de Itajubá-MG não é diferente. Principalmente por ter se desenvolvido às margens do rio Sapucaí, tem passado por problemas com inundações desde a sua fundação em 1819. No ano 2000, foi registrada uma das suas maiores inundações, que afetou 80% da sua população urbana. Atualmente, devido aos avanços da tecnologia, problemas referentes às inundações podem ser diagnosticados e evitados, utilizando-se programas computacionais, como Autocad e Global Mapper, com os quais, dentro deste trabalho, pôde-se se ter a real noção das áreas dentro do município em estudo susceptíveis a enchentes e inundações. Como principal resultado, observou-se uma mancha de inundação ocupando 65% da área urbana total do município, o que pode servir como base para realizar obras de prevenção e permitir um avanço municipal controlado. A partir desse levantamento pode-se ter a representação da fragilidade da cidade quanto a problemas ambientais decorrentes das chuvas torrenciais. Percebe-se a necessidade de um maior e melhor planejamento do crescimento urbano, por parte dos órgãos regulamentadores, adotando-se estratégias para o desenvolvimento eficiente e sustentável da região. Palavras-chave: Inundações. Planejamento. Problemas. Flood spots in municipality of Itajubá-mg Abstract Problems and disasters generated by nature actions are cyclical in the history of our planet. One of these problems , maybe the major and most frequent, are the flooding which has been causing many losses for both the population and the municipalities in general. In the city of Itajubá -MG it is not different. Mainly because the city is located in the banks of the Sapucai river, it has experienced problems with flooding since its foundation in 1819. In 2000, the city faced one of its biggest floods, which affected 80% of its urban population. Currently, due to advances in technology, problems related to flooding can be diagnosed and prevented by using computer programs such as Autocad and Global Mapper, which ones, in this work, allow us to have a good idea about areas in the studied city, that could be potentially affected by floods. As the best result, one flood spot occupying 65% of the urban area of the city was observed. The information can be used for preventing actions and as a base for a mediated growing. From this results, it is possible to measure how fragile is the city regarding to environmental problems related to storms, which requires that regulatory organizations make a bigger and better growing planning for the urban areas, applying strategies for the efficient and sustainable development in the region. Keywords: Floods. Planning. Problems.

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Estimation of the Buildings Seismic Vulnerability: A Methodological Proposal for Planning Ante-Earthquake Scenarios in Urban Areas

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app8071208 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 1208 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

José Ródenas ◽

Salvador García-Ayllón ◽

Antonio Tomás

Keyword(s):

Urban Area ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Seismic Event ◽

Seismic Vulnerability ◽

Specific Area ◽

Se Spain ◽

Earthquake Scenarios ◽

Emergency Situations ◽

Emergency Scenarios ◽

The City

In spite of the enhancements related to building construction, many regions still present a major level of seismic risk as a consequence of the high vulnerability of the urban configuration of their cities. An improved method to assess the seismic vulnerability of buildings in urban areas is proposed in this contribution in order to advance the management of seismic emergency scenarios. The methodology, mainly based on the cadastral database, allows for a more standardized implementation as a function on the typological, structural, and urban parameters of the buildings, reducing the level of uncertainties linked to these methodologies and giving continuity to the different RISK-UE published works. The generalization of the method to any urban area has also been improved by means of removing the parameters whose calibration is associated with a specific area. The methodology has been put into practice in the urban area of the city of Lorca (SE Spain), in the aftermath of the earthquake of 11 May 2011, due to the availability of well-documented data reported from this seismic event. The proposal, when it is combined with Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques, provides valuable information for the planning and management of post-earthquake emergency situations.

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Urban Identity From the Perspective of Urban Atmosphere Case Study : Klungkung, Bali, Indonesia

International Journal of Engineering and Emerging Technology ◽

10.24843/ijeet.2019.v04.i02.p05 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

Made Agus Mahendra ◽

Syamsul Alam Paturusi ◽

Ngakan Ketut Acwin Dwijendra ◽

I Dewa Gede Agung Diasana Putra

Keyword(s):

Urban Area ◽

Urban Space ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Local Governments ◽

Urban Atmosphere ◽

Urban Identity ◽

International Scope ◽

Cultural Character ◽

Community Institutions ◽

The City

Urban areas are areas that give different atmosphere and taste in different places. There are aspects that can affect the atmosphere of urban areas. Where in each urban area has different characteristics. Klungkung city area which basically is strongly influenced by the strong cultural character of the past. Urban atmosphere has a very important role in the identity of urban areas. cities on the island of Bali have unique and unique characteristics that make the city atmosphere different. Moreover, Bali in national and international scope already has an attraction that cannot be separated from the atmosphere of the island of Bali. The atmosphere of the city space gives a different atmosphere both in the identity and character of the urban area of Klungkung, Bali. In the urban environment there is a spatial atmosphere as an indicator and reference for the development of the identity of the Klungkung urban area, Bali. This research is motivated by the lack of understanding and understanding of the community, institutions and local governments about the atmosphere of urban space. The atmosphere of urban space provides a very important understanding and analysis of the taste and atmosphere of urban areas. The approach to the atmosphere of the city can be seen from nine aspects that must be considered in creating atmosphere in buildings and cities. The atmosphere in this study has the meaning of the sense of taste, the atmosphere in which a person is in space, creativity, taste and intention that form a shelter in a particular area. The atmosphere in this study emphasizes the atmosphere, the meaning of space and taste which includes local Balinese culture, especially in the city of Klungkung. This research uses qualitative methods by emphasizing descriptive studies, and literature studies. This study aims to determine the urban atmosphere of the Klungkung region and the relationship between the urban atmosphere and the identity of the Klungkung Bali urban area. From the results of the analysis in the conceptual order, the benefits and results obtained provide an overview of the atmosphere of the urban space as one of the identity of the Klungkung Bali urban area. Index Terms— Urban atmosphere, urban identity, urban space, urban areas

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Distribuição espacial dos casos de febre chikungunya na área urbana de Mossoró-RN e sua correlação com a vulnerabilidade socioambiental

Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física ◽

10.26848/rbgf.v13.6.p2929-2943 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 2929

Author(s):

Tatiane Aparecida Queiroz ◽

Weslley Misael Bezerra Damasio ◽

Leilane Alice Moura Da Silva ◽

Lara Candice Costa de Morais Leonez ◽

Thaiza Dos Santos Queiroz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Urban Area ◽

Free Software ◽

Kernel Density Estimate ◽

Chikungunya Fever ◽

Environmental Vulnerability ◽

Belo Horizonte ◽

The City

Historicamente o desenvolvimento urbano e econômico vivenciado no Brasil tem favorecido a proliferação do Aedes Aegypti, mosquito causador da febre chikungunya. Assim, este estudo objetiva descrever e analisar a distribuição espacial dos casos de febre chikungunya, na área urbana de Mossoró-RN, buscando as possíveis correlações entre a vulnerabilidade socioambiental da população e a incidência da doença. Foi desenvolvido em duas Unidades de Pronto Atendimento (UPA) do município de Mossoró-RN, Brasil, a partir da obtenção dos endereços dos indivíduos identificados como caso de febre chikungunya atendidos no período de 2015 a 2017 e da realização de visitas in loco nos bairros onde se identificou o maior número de casos da doença. Foram obtidos 2878 endereços dos indivíduos atendidos na UPA Conchecita Ciarlini e 1260 dos atendidos na UPA Raimundo Benjamim Franco. A geocodificação da localização dos endereços foi realizada através do uso do Geocode Cells e para a espacialização das coordenadas geográficas foi utilizado o software livre QGIS 2.18 “Las Palmas”. A espacialização dos casos foi feita a partir da estimativa de densidade Kernel. Observou-se uma maior incidência da febre chikungunya nos bairros Santo Antônio, Barrocas, Bom Jardim, Paredões, Boa Vista, Lagoa do Mato, Alto da Conceição, Belo Horizonte e Aeroporto. O estudo mostrou quais as regiões da cidade necessitam de maiores investimentos em ações de combate a febre chikungunya e identificou que existe maior incidência da doença em bairros vulneráveis e com saneamento precário, demonstrando a necessidade de ações intersetoriais de curto, médio e longo prazo. Spatial Distribution of Chikungunya Fever Cases in the Urban Area of Mossoró-RN and its Correlation with Socio-environmental Vulnerability A B S T R A C T Historicaly, the urban and economic development experienced in Brazil has favored the proliferation of Aedes Aegypti, a mosquito that causes chikungunya fever. Thus, this study aims to describe and analyze the spatial distribution of chikungunya fever cases, in the urban area of Mossoró-RN, looking for possible correlations between the population’s socio-environmental vulnerability and the incidence of the disease. It was developed in two Emergency Care Units (ECU) in the municipality of Mossoró-RN, Brazil, from obtaining the addresses of individuals identified as a case of chikungunya fever attended in the period from 2015 to 2017 and conducting on-site visits in the neighborhoods where the highest number of cases were identified. 2878 addresses were obtained form individuals attended at ECU Conchecita Ciarlini and 1260 from those attended at ECU Raimundo Benjamim Franco. The geocoding of the addresses’ location was carried out using Geocode Cells and for the spatialization of the geographical coordinates, the free software QGIS 2.18 “Las Palmas” was used. The spatialization of the cases was made from the Kernel density estimate. A higher incidence of chikungunya fever was observed in the neighborhoods of Santo Antônio, Barrocas, Bom Jardim, Paredões, Boa Vista, Lagoa do Mato, Alto da Conceição, Belo Horizonte and Aeroporto. The study showed which regions of the city need greater investments in actions in order to com bat chikungunya fever and identified that there is a higher incidence of the diseases in vulnerable neighborhoods with poor sanitation, demonstrating the need for short, medium and long-term intersectoral actions.Keywords: Chikungunya Fever, Spatial Analysis, Geocoding, Emerging Communicable Diseases, Vulnerability

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