La resistenza al cambiamento. Validitŕ della versione italiana della scala di oreg (2003)

2009 ◽  
pp. 7-30
Author(s):  
Andrea Bobbio ◽  
Anna Maria Manganelli ◽  
Valentina Filippini
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Cognitive Closure ◽  
Need For Cognitive Closure

- The aim of the study is to propose the Italian version of the multifactor resistance to change scale (RTC) developed by Oreg (2003), and to examine its psychometric properties. The research was conducted via self-administered questionnaires on a group of 324 adults, men and women, currently employed. Correlations were computed between RTC and measures of personality factors (Big Five), sensation seeking, need for cognitive closure, emotional control, cognitive abilities, and political orientation. Then, the correlation between RTC and social desirability was computed. Moreover, differences in RTC scores between sub-groups with a different amount of change experiences were analysed. Finally, via multiple regression analysis, the best predictors of RTC were identified. RTC factorial structure, made up of four first-order factors and a single second-order factor, was supported by confirmatory factor analysis results. The internal consistency was also acceptable. RTC measure was negatively correlated with extraversion, agreeableness, emotional stability and openness (Big Five), sensation seeking, and emotional control. The correlation between RTC and need for cognitive closure was high and positive. The correlation between RTC and social desirability was week and negative, and no correlations at all resulted between RTC, cognitive ability and political orientation. Participants with a high number of change experiences had a lower RTC scores when compared with those with a low number of change experiences. Finally, need for cognitive closure was the most important predictor of resistance to change score.

Psychometric Properties and Correlates of the Lester-Bean Attribution of Causes to Suicide Scale (German Form)

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Mariella Loibl ◽  
Martin Voracek
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Interpersonal Conflicts ◽  
Big Five Personality Factors

Psychometric properties and correlates of the German form of Lester and Bean's 1992 Attribution of Causes to Suicide Scale, of 18 items tapping into lay theories of suicide (intrapsychic problems, interpersonal conflicts, and societal forces as causes), were investigated in a sample of the general population in Austria ( n = 156). The three attributional dimensions presented moderate internal consistencies and the 18 items appeared to be factorially orderly, as indicated by exploratory factor analysis. Previous results were replicated, with positive interrelations among all three dimensions, but these were largely confined to men. Societal causes of suicide were significantly less frequently endorsed than intrapsychic or interpersonal causes. Respondents' sex, intelligence, and knowledge about suicide were unrelated, and scores on the Big Five personality factors and social desirability were largely unrelated to the three dimensions. Endorsing intrapsychic causes to suicide was correlated with advanced age, religiosity, and conservative political orientation, and the three dimensions entertained meaningful associations with locus of control (internality, social externality, and fatalistic externality). All observed demographic and attitudinal correlates were, however, of modest magnitude. Implications of the findings and directions for further inquiry are discussed.

The Measure Matters

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Altmann ◽  
Nico Liebe ◽  
Victoria Schönefeld ◽  
Marcus Roth
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Abstract. Several inventories have been developed to measure sensation seeking (SS), and each of these inventories has been based on an individual theoretical concept of the construct. However, most studies assessing SS disregarded the large theoretical diversity and have treated the measures as interchangeable. The goal of this research was to identify common and distinctive dimensions of SS across the different measures. Subsequent goals were to reveal similarities and differences in what is measured by the various subscales, to provide differential correlates of these dimensions, and thereby to analyze which of the subscales can or should not be used interchangeably. We administered the five most relevant SS measures ( Sensation Seeking-Scales Form V [SSS-V], Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking [AISS], Need Inventory of Sensation Seeking [NISS], the Impulsive Sensation Seeking [ImpSS] scale, and the Novelty Seeking scale) to a sample of adolescents ( N = 318) in a cross-sectional design. Second-order factor analyses of the measures’ subscales revealed three distinct facets: impulsive sensation seeking, intensity seeking, and stimulation seeking. The specific correlational patterns between the facets and external measures of impulsiveness, the Big Five, and social desirability supported the factorial differentiation. We characterize the necessary distinctions between the facets of the SS measures and recommend to not use them interchangeably. The best indicators of each SS measurement facet are discussed.

Toward an Integrated Cognition Perspective on Ethnic Prejudice

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 719-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas De keersmaecker ◽  
Dries H. Bostyn ◽  
Johnny R. J. Fontaine ◽  
Alain Van Hiel ◽  
Arne Roets
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Cognitive Closure ◽  
Right Wing Authoritarianism ◽  
Ethnic Prejudice ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Need For Cognitive Closure ◽  
Cognitive Motivation ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
Independent Effects

Both ability and motivation aspects of cognition have been shown to relate to ethnic prejudice. In line with recent theorizing, the present study advances an integrated cognition perspective on ethnic prejudice by examining the interplay between cognitive ability (measured with the Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test) and cognitive motivation (measured with the Need for Cognitive Closure [NFC] Scale) in a Belgian, heterogeneous adult sample ( N = 315). Path analysis revealed that intelligence and NFC each have unique and independent effects on ethnic prejudice, and that both right-wing authoritarianism and essentialist thinking play a mediating role in these effects. Hence, although cognitive abilities and motivations are to some extent interrelated and operate in similar ways, they uniquely and additively contribute to the explained variance in ethnic prejudice.

The Influence of Facial Piercings and Observer Personality on Perceptions of Physical Attractiveness and Intelligence

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viren Swami ◽  
Stefan Stieger ◽  
Jakob Pietschnig ◽  
Martin Voracek ◽  
Adrian Furnham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Observer Ratings ◽  
Big Five Personality Factors ◽  
Male Model ◽  
Body Modifications ◽  
Physically Attractive

The primary aim of the present study was to examine the influence of facial piercings on observer ratings of physical attractiveness and intelligence. A total of 440 women and men rated a set of stimuli that depicted a female and a male model, respectively, with varying numbers of facial piercings. Participants also completed measures of the Big Five personality factors and sensation seeking, and provided information of their own piercings. Results indicated that, controlling for participants’ own piercings, stimuli with piercings were rated as less physically attractive and intelligent than those without piercings, with multiple piercings being accorded the most negative ratings. In addition, men with piercings were rated more negatively than women with piercings. Further results showed that participants’ openness to experience and sensation seeking were associated with more positive ratings of pierced individuals, and that greater number of participant piercings was correlated with the Big Five personality factors of Emotional Stability, Extraversion, and Conscientiousness, and sensation seeking. These results are discussed in relation to the extant literature on body modifications.

scholarly journals Who Can You Count On? Understanding The Determinants of Reliability

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 903-931
Author(s):  
Roger Tourangeau ◽  
Ting Yan ◽  
Hanyu Sun
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Item Nonresponse ◽  
Response Options ◽  
Big Five Personality Factors ◽  
Respondent Characteristics ◽  
Surprising Finding

Abstract Using reinterview data from the PATH Reliability and Validity (PATH-RV) study, we examine the characteristics of questions and respondents that predict the reliability of the answers. In the PATH-RV study, 524 respondents completed an interview twice, five to twenty-four days apart. We coded a number of question characteristics and used them to predict the gross discrepancy rates (GDRs) and kappas for each question. We also investigated respondent characteristics associated with reliability. Finally, we fitted cross-classified models that simultaneously examined a range of respondent and question characteristics. Although the different models yielded somewhat different conclusions, in general factual questions (especially demographic questions), shorter questions, questions that did not use scales, those with fewer response options, and those that asked about a noncentral topic produced more reliable answers than attitudinal questions, longer questions, questions using ordinal scales, those with more response options, and those asking about a central topic. One surprising finding was that items raising potential social desirability concerns yielded more reliable answers than items that did not raise such concerns. The respondent-level models and cross-classified models indicated that five adult respondent characteristics were associated with giving the same answer in both interviews—education, the Big Five trait of conscientiousness, tobacco use, sex, and income. Hispanic youths and non-Hispanic black youths were less likely to give the same answer in both interviews. The cross-classified model also found that more words were associated with less reliable answers. The results are mostly consistent with earlier findings but are nonetheless important because they are much less model-dependent than the earlier work. In addition, this study is the first to incorporate such personality traits as needed for cognition and the Big Five personality factors and to examine the relationships among reliability, item nonresponse, and response latency.

scholarly journals Modelul Big Five al personalității: abordări teoretice si modelarea empirică a unui chestionar standardizat

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Alexandra Macarie ◽  
Ticu Constantin ◽  
Alina Orzan ◽  
Loredana Constantin ◽  
Anca Fodorea
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Gender Studies ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Big Five Model ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Psychological Questionnaires

The aim of the present study was designing a local standardized questionnaire for evaluating traits of personality, following the Big Five model. The questionnaire was built for applying in organizations and to resist social desirability. The theoretical background used in the construction of the questionnaire were part of the Big Five model for personality evaluation. The methods used in this study were specific to the construction and primary validation of a questionnaire: defining the factors, designing the items, verifying the content validity (expert testing). The constructed questionnaire was completed by 524 subjects from the general population. The results confirm the existence of five personality factors, as defined by the authors: sociability, incertitude, persistance, altruism and openness. These factors correspond to the 5 factors described in speciality literature. The study also analyzed the relations the five factors have with significant traits of personality measured by other psychological questionnaires which were applied along with our questionnaire (introversion - extraversion, emotional stability - neuroticism, originality, efficiency, conformism). We also described the differences between the scores for the five factors depending on age, gender, studies and income.

Dogmatism and the Need for Closure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber M. Gaffney ◽  
Natasha La Vogue
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Need For Closure ◽  
Cognitive Closure ◽  
Need For Cognitive Closure ◽  
Epistemic Motivation ◽  
Information Research ◽  
Political Decision Making

Research and both applications of theories of dogmatism and the need for closure implicate the importance of closed belief systems in cognition, social interactions, and decision-making. Research traditionally examines dogmatism as a personality trait wherein people vary in the extent to which they actively justify and maintain their closed belief systems through ideological rigidity. The need for cognitive closure is a related concept, but research and theorizing in this area provides an account of an epistemic motivation to obtain knowledge and answers rapidly—to find information quickly and hold fast to the conclusions drawn from that information. Research on both dogmatism and the need for cognition hold significant implications for and applications to political decision-making and ideology, in-group favoritism and out-group derogation, and resistance to change.

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