Test delle matrici: il rapporto target/distrattori e il ruolo della memoria a breve termine

2009 ◽  
pp. 29-46
Author(s):  
Claudio Luzzatti ◽  
Carlo Abbate ◽  
Carlo Vergani
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Accuracy Score ◽  
Performance Score ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Span Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Overall Performance

- We studied the effect of the target-to-distractor ratio (T/D) and short term memory on a matrix test performance. Higher performance on a visual search test with rising T/D ratio was found. An overall performance score improvement from the first to the third matrix is expected, because of the T/D ratio increase. In a previous study we found a significant difference on accuracy scores between the first and the following matrixes. In this article we demonstrate that an involvement of the short term memory processes could account for this result. Two hundred and twenty seven subjects from the Geriatric Unit of Ospedale Policlinico of Milan were considered. The subjects were 159 female and 68 male, aged 58 to 94 years with 3 to 18 years of education. Patients suffering from acute or chronic neurological diseases, sensorial impairment and alcoholism were excluded. We examined retrospectively the performance obtained by the subjects on a matrix test and a bisyllabic words span test. Correlation between accuracy scores obtained for the different matrixes of the attention test and the span score was then calculated. We found: 1) a significant difference on overall performance score between the three matrixes of the attention test: scores increase with the rise of T/D ratio; 2) a significant correlation between the accuracy score of the second and third matrix and the score of the span test; 3) no correlation between accuracy scores on the first matrix and the short-term memory score. In conclusion our data confirm the positive effect of a larger target-to-distractor ratio on the visual search performance in elderly people. The hypothesis that short-term memory is involved in the execution of the second and third matrix is preliminarly confirmed. The results are discussed in terms of the signal detection theory.

Visual search and short-term memory in the deaf.

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Dornic ◽  
Ragnar Hagdahl ◽  
Gote Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

Cognitive Information Processing Measures as Predictors of Monitoring Performance

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1299-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Cellar ◽  
Gerald V. Barrett ◽  
Ralph Alexander ◽  
Dennis Doverspike ◽  
Jay C. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Cognitive Information Processing ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
Cognitive Information ◽  
Complex Monitoring

To obtain a more precise understanding of the constructs underlying complex monitoring, measures of short-term memory and visual search were administered to 7 male and 13 female college students. The hypothesis was that more rapid short-term memory and visual search would be related to successful monitoring. A correlational analysis indicated that choice reaction time was related to performance ( r = –.38 and –.43) while rate of serial comparisons was not ( r = –.08 and –.28). It was concluded that information-processing measures enhanced the understanding of the underlying processes in monitoring beyond that provided by traditional cognitive tests.

scholarly journals IS DIGIT SUPERIORITY INDISPENSABLE WITH REGARD TO SHORT TERM MEMORY SPAN?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Familiar Stimulus ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Superiority Effect ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Color Name ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Familiar Stimuli

It is known that digits have a positive effect on the performance of short term memory (STM) span and it is called the digit superiority effect. This study aims to examine the effect of familiar stimuli (digits, colors, digit names, color names, and words) on STM span. In order to measure STM capacity, a memory span task was used including the digit, word, and color span lists. 91 participants (44 female, 47 male) aged between 18-27 (M = 21,43, SD = 1.50) participated in the study that consisted of three different experiments. Results of Experiment 1 revealed that there was a significant difference between the digit name and word with regard to span size and total span. In Experiment 2 and 3, the main effect of familiar stimulus type on total span and span size was significant, and also the difference between all types of stimuli was significant (Experiment II, digit name>word=color name; Experiment III, digit>digit name>color name>color). The common result obtained from all experiments is that digits are superior with regard to STM span than other familiar stimuli types such as words, color names, colors. This study confirmed that digit superiority effect is indispensable on verbal and visual STM span. Keywords Digit superiority, short term memory, memory span

Distinction between Visuo-Spatial Short-Term-Memory and Working Memory Span Tasks

2006 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Lecerf ◽  
Jean-Luc Roulin
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Item Difficulty ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Spatial Span ◽  
Span Test ◽  
Span Tasks

Six experiments are presented that examined the constraints underlying performance in two visuo-spatial span tasks. In the Location Span Test (LST), participants have to memorize the cells of a 5×5 matrix containing arrows, while in the Direction Span Test (DST) they have to memorize the cells pointed at by arrows. The main objective was to assess whether both tasks were similarly influenced by experimental factors. Results showed that performance improved with longer encoding time (1-s. vs. 3-s) only for the DST. Maintenance interval (0-s vs. 5-s) and order of item difficulty (ascending vs. descending) have no effect either on the LST or on the DST. Another experiment indicated that the DST is a better predictor of fluid intelligence. These results seem to provide evidence that the LST and the DST relate to different constructs. Implications of these findings for the distinction between short-term and working memory span tasks are discussed.

Phonological short-term memory, working memory and foreign language performance in intensive language learning

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUDIT KORMOS ◽  
ANNA SÁFÁR
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Digit Span Test ◽  
Span Test

In our research we addressed the question what the relationship is between phonological short-term and working memory capacity and performance in an end-of-year reading, writing, listening, speaking and use of English test. The participants of our study were 121 secondary school students aged 15–16 in the first intensive language training year of a bilingual education program in Hungary. The participants performed a non-word repetition test and took a Cambridge First Certificate Exam. Fifty students were also tested with a backward digit span test, measuring their working memory capacity. Our study indicates that phonological short-term memory capacity plays a different role in the case of beginners and pre-intermediate students in intensive language learning. The backward digit span test correlated very highly with the overall English language competence, as well as with reading, listening, speaking and use of English (vocabulary and grammar) test scores.

scholarly journals Comparison of short-term memory between stunting and non-stunting children in urban and rural elementary school students in Kupang 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Wahda Dwi Sari ◽  
Christina Olly Lada ◽  
Rr. Listyawati Nurina ◽  
Maria Agnes Etty Dedy
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Elementary School Students ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
School Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rural Elementary School

Background: Inadequate chronic nutrition can cause disruption of bone growth and brain development. Impaired bone growth can cause stunting in children, and a disruption of brain development will affect cognitive function, one of them is short-term memory. This study aimed to compare the short-term memory between stunting and non stunting in urban and rural elementary school students in Kupang.Methods: This research used analytic observational method with cross sectional design conducted on urban and rural elementary school students in Kupang City. One hundred and sixty students who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected using consecutive sampling method. Characteristics data were collected by the interview, while the stunting data was known by measuring height and assessed by WHO anthroplus application, short-term memory data was obtained from digit span test. Stunting is a nominal data scale, while the short-term memory is an ordinal data scale. This study was analyzed bivariately using chi-square test with significant p value ≤ 0.05.Results: Chi-square test results of short-term memory between stunting and non stunting in urban and rural elementary school students obtained p = 0.144, which means there is no significant difference in short-term memory between stunting and non stunting in urban and rural elementary school children in Kupang.Conclusions: There is no significant difference in short-term memory between stunting and non stunting in elementary school children, both in urban and rural areas of Kupang.

scholarly journals Prioritization of new objects during visual search is limited by the capacity of visual short-term memory

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 661-661
Author(s):  
N. Al-Aidroos ◽  
S. M. Emrich ◽  
J. Pratt ◽  
S. Ferber
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory

scholarly journals Separating overlapping bat calls with a bi-directional long short-term memory network

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangkang Zhang ◽  
Tong Liu ◽  
Shengjing Song ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Shijun Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Deep Neural Network ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Echolocation Calls ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Short Term Memory ◽  
Sound Data

AbstractAcquiring clear and usable audio recordings is critical for acoustic analysis of animal vocalizations. Bioacoustics studies commonly face the problem of overlapping signals, but the issue is often ignored, as there is currently no satisfactory solution. This study presents a bi-directional long short-term memory (BLSTM) network to separate overlapping bat calls and reconstruct waveform audio sounds. The separation quality was evaluated using seven temporal-spectrum parameters. The applicability of this method for bat calls was assessed using six different species. In addition, clustering analysis was conducted with separated echolocation calls from each population. Results showed that all syllables in the overlapping calls were separated with high robustness across species. A comparison between the seven temporal-spectrum parameters showed no significant difference and negligible deviation between the extracted and original calls, indicating high separation quality. Clustering analysis of the separated echolocation calls also produced an accuracy of 93.8%, suggesting the reconstructed waveform sounds could be reliably used. These results suggest the proposed technique is a convenient and automated approach for separating overlapping calls using a BLSTM network. This powerful deep neural network approach has the potential to solve complex problems in bioacoustics.Author summaryIn recent years, the development of recording techniques and devices in animal acoustic experiment and population monitoring has led to a sharp increase in the volume of sound data. However, the collected sound would be overlapped because of the existence of multiple individuals, which laid restrictions on taking full advantage of experiment data. Besides, more convenient and automatic methods are needed to cope with the large datasets in animal acoustics. The echolocation calls and communication calls of bats are variable and often overlapped with each other both in the recordings from field and laboratory, which provides an excellent template for research on animal sound separation. Here, we firstly solved the problem of overlapping calls in bats successfully based on deep neural network. We built a network to separate the overlapping calls of six bat species. All the syllables in overlapping calls were separated and we found no significant difference between the separated syllables with non-overlapping syllables. We also demonstrated an instance of applying our method on species classification. Our study provides a useful and efficient model for sound data processing in acoustic research and the proposed method has the potential to be generalized to other animal species.

Is Sternberg’s Memory Scanning Task Really a Short-Term Memory Task?

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Corbin ◽  
Josette Marquer
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Recall Condition ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Search Tasks ◽  
Experimental Constraint

Sternberg’s paradigm is currently viewed as a typical short-term memory task and is widely used to tap mnemonic capacities in neuroscience studies. However, Sternberg’s original procedure includes an experimental constraint – recalling the sequence of digits in order – which was not reused in the following studies. In previous research ( Corbin & Marquer, 2008 , 2009 ), we showed that the recall constraint has an impact on the quantitative results as well as on the strategies implemented. These findings led us to wonder whether the presence or absence of this simple experimental constraint could also affect the processes implemented in Sternberg’s task. In order to answer this question, we analyzed the relationships between the performance levels of 50 participants on Sternberg’s task on various well-known span tasks and on a classical visual search task. The results showed that, in the recall condition, Sternberg’s paradigm appears to be a verbal working memory task, whereas in the no-recall condition, the task appears to be a recognition task that involves visuospatial memory capacities. In this latter condition, the processes implemented may be more similar to those implemented in visual search tasks.

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