Cost-benefit analysis of carbon dioxide capture and storage considering the impact of two different climate change mitigation regimes

The latest technologies for climate change mitigation are carbon capture and storage (CCS). Some countries are developing CCS projects, and they are currently at different stages of deployment. Despite the signing of international agreements on climate change mitigation, Russia’s efforts to develop and implement CCS technologies are quite limited. Therefore, it is vital that people are aware of the importance of carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage. The purpose of this article is to produce guidelines and toolkits to form a system of measures aimed at raising awareness of the Russian society on carbon dioxide capture and storage technologies. The paper discusses the key findings of several recent studies on the topic, e.g., a study focusing on the level of environmental consciousness among St. Petersburg students; a content analysis of the Russian school textbooks; a study of environmental groups in Russian social media; and an experimental study on creating eco-comics and posters as educational tools for promoting environmental awareness. A multi-level system of educational activities is proposed, including events for preschoolers, schoolchildren, students, and adults.

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CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE & STORAGE (CCS) AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION

The International Conference on Chemical and Environmental Engineering ◽

10.21608/iccee.2008.38506 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 771-771

Author(s):

EL-SAYED MANSOUR ◽

SAMIR TANTAWI

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Climate Change Mitigation ◽

Carbon Dioxide Capture ◽

Change Mitigation

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Application of a Tax to E-Commerce Deliveries in Barcelona

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/03611981211012412 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 036119812110124

Author(s):

Genís Majoral ◽

Francesc Gasparín ◽

Sergi Saurí

Keyword(s):

Cost Benefit Analysis ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Supply Side ◽

Environmental Tax ◽

Positive Outcomes ◽

Demand Side ◽

Benefit Analysis ◽

Revenue Collection ◽

Last Mile ◽

The Impact

The number of e-commerce transactions is increasing worldwide. Deliveries of goods purchased online generate externalities throughout the whole supply chain and, particularly, the increasing concern about the last-mile distribution of goods. The escalating presence of vans in cities contributes to poor air quality, climate change, noise, and congestion. So far, the majority of solutions to address this issue are based on the supply side, such as electric vans, optimizing the routing and pick-up-points, and so forth. Even in other transport sectors, pricing solutions are well known, yet they have not been extended to e-commerce delivery. This paper aims to propose an environmental tax falling on the demand side and equaling the externalities from this activity. The analysis has been particularized for the case of Barcelona. A cost–benefit analysis to assess the impact of such a tax has been carried out. When revenue collection is reinvested in the logistics sector, and for subsidizing electric distribution vehicles, the results indicate that the levying of the tax can generate positive outcomes.

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Czech Building Stock: Renovation Wave Scenarios and Potential for CO2 Savings until 2050

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14092455 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 2455

Author(s):

Antonín Lupíšek ◽

Tomáš Trubačík ◽

Petr Holub

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Climate Change Mitigation ◽

Emission Factors ◽

Anthropogenic Sources ◽

Building Stock ◽

National Debate ◽

Energy Consumptions ◽

Change Mitigation

One of the major anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gases is the operation of building stock. Improving its energy efficiency has the potential to significantly contribute to achieving climate change mitigation targets. The purpose of this study was to roughly estimate such potential for the operation of the national building stock of Czechia to steer the national debate on the development of related national plans. The estimation is based on a simplified energy model of the Czech building stock that consists of sub-models of residential and nonresidential building stocks, for which their future energy consumptions, shares of energy carriers and sources, and emission factors were modeled in four scenarios. Uncertainties from the approximation of the emission factors were investigated in a sensitivity analysis. The results showed that the operation of the Czech building stock in 2016 totaled 36.9 Mt CO2, which represented 34.6% of the total national carbon dioxide emissions. The four building stock scenarios could produce reductions in the carbon dioxide emissions of between 28% and 93% by 2050, when also considering on-side production from photovoltaics. The implementation of the most ambitious scenario would represent a drop in national CO2 yearly emissions by 43.2% by 2050 (compared to 2016).

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Modelling the impact of rapid diagnostic tests on Plasmodium vivax malaria in South Korea: a cost–benefit analysis

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004292 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. e004292

Author(s):

Jung Ho Kim ◽

Jiyeon Suh ◽

Woon Ji Lee ◽

Heun Choi ◽

Jong-Dae Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Korea ◽

Plasmodium Vivax ◽

Diagnostic Tests ◽

Cost Benefit Analysis ◽

Malaria Incidence ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Medical Costs ◽

Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽

Benefit Analysis ◽

The Impact

BackgroundRapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are widely used for diagnosing Plasmodium vivax malaria, especially in resource-limited countries. However, the impact of RDTs on P. vivax malaria incidence and national medical costs has not been evaluated. We assessed the impact of RDT implementation on P. vivax malaria incidence and overall medical expenditures in South Korea and performed a cost–benefit analysis from the payer’s perspective.MethodsWe developed a dynamic compartmental model for P. vivax malaria transmission in South Korea using delay differential equations. Long latency and seasonality were incorporated into the model, which was calibrated to civilian malaria incidences during 2014–2018. We then estimated averted malaria cases and total medical costs from two diagnostic scenarios: microscopy only and both microscopy and RDTs. Medical costs were extracted based on data from a hospital in an at-risk area for P. vivax malaria and were validated using Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service data. We conducted a cost–benefit analysis of RDTs using the incremental benefit:cost ratio (IBCR) considering only medical costs and performed a probabilistic sensitivity analysis to reflect the uncertainties of model parameters, costs and benefits.ResultsThe results showed that 55.3% of new P. vivax malaria cases were averted, and $696 214 in medical costs was saved over 10 years after RDT introduction. The estimated IBCR was 2.5, indicating that RDT implementation was beneficial, compared with microscopy alone. The IBCR was sensitive to the diagnosis time reduction, infectious period and short latency period, and provided beneficial results in a benefit over $10.6 or RDT cost under $39.7.ConclusionsThe model simulation suggested that RDTs could significantly reduce P. vivax malaria incidence and medical costs. Moreover, cost–benefit analysis demonstrated that the introduction of RDTs was beneficial over microscopy alone. These results support the need for widespread adoption of RDTs.

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