scholarly journals Caratteristiche e mutamenti del commercio agro-alimentare: un confronto fra Italia ed India

2009 ◽  
pp. 151-167
Author(s):  
Donatella Privitera ◽  
Bernardo Rognetta
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Closed Economy ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Trade Reforms ◽  
The World ◽  
Trade Growth ◽  
Jel Code ◽  
Flows Over Time

- This paper examines the product specialisation of Italian trade over the period 2000-2006 to identify the roots of Italy's sluggish trade performance with respect to India. In particular, the analysis focuses on the role of product specialisation in relation to world trade growth and competition from emerging countries. We used trade indicators to describe and asses the state of trade flows and trade patterns of a particular country like India and also to monitor these flows over time and across countries. Till the early 1990s, India was a closed economy: average tariffs exceeded 200 percent, quantitative restrictions on imports were extensive, and there were stringent restrictions on foreign investment. The country began to cautiously reform in the 1990s, liberalizing only under conditions of extreme necessity. Since that time, trade reforms have produced remarkable results. The economy is now among the fastest growing in the world. This leads some to see India as a ‘rapid globalizer' while others still see it as a ‘highly protectionist' economy. India however retains its right to protect when need arises. Agricultural tariffs average between 30-40 percent, anti-dumping measures have been liberally used to protect trade. India is now aggressively pushing for a more liberal global trade regime, especially in services.JEL Code: Q17Key words: emerging countries, trade indicators; competitive pressures

scholarly journals A Trade and Welfare Analysis of Tariff Changes Within the TPP

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 477-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juyoung Cheong ◽  
Shino Takayama
Keyword(s):  
Welfare Analysis ◽  
Trade Diversion ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Trade Creation ◽  
Welfare Gains ◽  
The World ◽  
Positive Externality ◽  
Tariff Reductions ◽  
Sectoral Linkages

Abstract This paper examines the effects of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) tariff reductions on trade flows and welfare of the TPP members and nonmembers following the Caliendo and Parro (2015) method. We use comprehensive sectoral data on 39 countries and the rest of the world, including those in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Our results show that many TPP nonmembers along with the TPP members gain from the TPP tariff reductions, suggesting the existence of a positive externality, with the welfare gains mainly arising from the changes in the terms of trade. Our analysis also shows that the TPP members increase their imports from other TPP members and decrease from non-TPP members, but the trade creation effects exceed the trade diversion effects. Our calibration results under various assumptions of the model emphasize the role of multiple sectors and sectoral linkages in the welfare analysis of the TPP tariff reductions.

Contracts and Export Behavior

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pol Antràs
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Contract Enforcement ◽  
Export Decisions ◽  
Global Organization ◽  
Contractual Relationships ◽  
The World ◽  
Organization Of Production

This chapter develops simple imperfect-contracting variants of the Melitz model of exporting and discusses empirical evidence suggestive of the role of these frictions as determinants of the structure of international trade flows. It explores both theoretically as well as empirically the significance of weak contract enforcement for the export decisions of firms and, more broadly, for the structure of international trade flows. As explained in Chapter 1, the rapid growth in intermediate input trade has been one of the most prominent developments in the world economy in recent years. At the same time, the contractual relationships that support the phenomenon of offshoring are much more intricate than those that support the mere shipment of goods across countries. Thus, weak contract enforcement has the potential to affect the global organization of production in more profound ways than has been studied so far.

The Impact of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 207-217
Author(s):  
Marcelo Amaral Dionisio
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Scarce Resource ◽  
Institutional Voids ◽  
Resource Based View ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Resources ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating and immediate effect on all economies, impacting in the lifestyles and livelihoods of people around the world. There are strong concerns about how the crisis will affect SMEs that represent over 90% of all firms worldwide. In emerging countries, SMEs already operate in challenging contexts characterized by institutional voids and scarce resource environments where entrepreneurs need to continuously develop strategies to survive. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of resources in a single case of a Brazilian SME and its strategies to survive the impact of the COVID-19 crisis. The study applies the resource-based view (RBV) to understand how the type and nature of resources influence the activities pursued by this SME and relate the crisis with their usual challenges. Findings highlight the important role of different key resources in the survival, growth, and sustainability of SMEs, along with the need of institutional conditions to support and foster entrepreneurship.

Emerging Countries, Regionalization, and World Trade

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1850099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Lévy
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Equity Issues ◽  
Trade Blocs ◽  
Multilateral Trading System ◽  
The Multilateral Trading System

The economic development of emerging countries such as China, India, Brazil, and Russia has serious implications for the multilateral trading system, and for government policies worldwide. This paper explores globalization and regionalization processes in order to assess the effects of trade liberalization on emerging countries. Today, major economic players tend to focus on bilateral and regional agreements. Attention must be paid to how these agreements affect the multilateral trading system and the trilateral world economy. One aspect that stands out from this study is that the role of countries such as China and India, which are reshaping trade patterns, remains to be defined within the Asian regional framework. Equity issues also have an important role to play, both at a regional and at a global level. Consideration of the intersections between the regional and/or bilateral trade agreements of member countries raises interesting questions about the role of trade blocs in the future trajectory of the global economy.

The essence and causes of the spiritual and moral decline of mankind in the XX century

1998 ◽  
pp. 124-127
Author(s):  
V. Tolkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Social Force ◽  
The World ◽  
Role Of Religion

One of the most important reasons for such a clearly distressed state of society was the decline of religion as a social force, the external manifestation of which is the weakening of religious institutions. "Religion," Baha'u'llah writes, "is the greatest of all means of establishing order in the world to the universal satisfaction of those who live in it." The weakening of the foundations of religion strengthened the ranks of ignoramuses, gave them impudence and arrogance. "I truly say that everything that belittles the supreme role of religion opens way for the revelry of maliciousness, inevitably leading to anarchy. " In another Tablet, He says: "Religion is a radiant light and an impregnable fortress that ensures the safety and well-being of the peoples of the world, for God-fearing induces man to adhere to the good and to reject all evil." Blink the light of religion, and chaos and distemper will set in, the radiance of justice, justice, tranquility and peace. "

The problem of periodization of the history of religion

1997 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Borys Lobovyk
Keyword(s):  
Religious Studies ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Religious Development ◽  
History Of Religion ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Role Of Religion

An important problem of religious studies, the history of religion as a branch of knowledge is the periodization process of the development of religious phenomenon. It is precisely here, as in focus, that the question of the essence and meaning of the religious development of the human being of the world, the origin of beliefs and cult, the reasons for the changes in them, the place and role of religion in the social and spiritual process, etc., are converging.

External Factors of Big Business Transformation in Russia

2005 ◽  
pp. 72-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya. Pappe ◽  
Ya. Galukhina
Keyword(s):  
Financial Market ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Business Groups ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Big Business ◽  
Business Transformation ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
The World ◽  
Principal Subject

The paper is devoted to the role of the global financial market in the development of Russian big business. It proves that terms and standards posed by this market as well as opportunities it offers determine major changes in Russian big business in the last three years. The article examines why Russian companies go abroad to attract capital and provides data, which indicate the scope of this phenomenon. It stresses the effects of Russian big business’s interaction with the world capital market, including the modification of the principal subject of Russian big business from integrated business groups to companies and the changes in companies’ behavior: they gradually move away from the so-called Russian specifics and adopt global standards.

Thoughts on the Long-Term Strategy, Science and Democracy

2006 ◽  
pp. 4-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Abalkin
Keyword(s):  
Strategy Development ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
World Development ◽  
Crucial Condition

The article covers unified issues of the long-term strategy development, the role of science as well as democracy development in present-day Russia. The problems of budget proficit, the Stabilization Fund issues, implementation of the adopted national projects, an increasing role of regions in strengthening the integrity and prosperity of the country are analyzed. The author reveals that the protection of businessmen and citizens from the all-embracing power of bureaucrats is the crucial condition of democratization of the society. Global trends of the world development and expert functions of the Russian science are presented as well.

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