Recent developments in Latvian dialectology

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 147-177
Author(s):  
Anna Daugavet
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Dialect Geography

Trumpa, Edmunds. 2012. Latviešu ģeolingvistikas etīdes [Studies in Latvian Dialect Geography]. Rīga: Zinātne. ISBN 978–9984–879–34–5.Sarkanis, Alberts. 2013. Latviešu valodas dialektu atlants. Fonētika. Apraksts, kartes un to komentāri [Latvian Dialect Atlas. Phonetics. Description, Maps and Commentaries]. Rīga: LU Latviešu valodas institūts. ISBN: 978–9984–742–68–7 The last year saw the appearance of two significant contributions to the study of Latvian dialects. These are the phonology part of the Latvian Dialect Atlas prepared by Alberts Sarkanis (2013) and Latviešu ģeolingvistikas etīdes by Edmunds (Edmundas) Trumpa (2012a). The two are very different in their aims and methods, even though both deal with phonetic isoglosses of traditional rural dialects. In fact, traditional rural dialects are still considered as the only object of research by Latvian dialectologists in spite of the considerable changes to the field elsewhere, marked by the breakdown of the barriers between dialectology and sociolinguistics (see e.g. Chambers & Trudgill 2004 and Auer & Schmidt 2010). However, of the two reviewed books, Trumpa (2012a) seems to be closer to the modern understanding of research into language and space, and therefore his work can be seen as a promise of changes in Latvian dialectology, whereas Sarkanis (2013) almost entirely belongs to the traditional approach. Nevertheless, in the context of Trumpa’s rather innovative book, Sarkanis’ Phonological Atlas serves as a summary of achievements from the previous stage.

Transpermanent Magnetics Using Alternating Uniform Linear Stacks

2004 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-687
Author(s):  
Larry Silverberg ◽  
Luis Duval
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Valve Control ◽  
Design And Testing ◽  
Laboratory Prototype

In this paper we apply recent developments in transpermanent magnetics to the problem of ultra-low-power valve control. Whereas the traditional approach to ultra-low-power valve control is based on latching mechanisms that turn off valves during inactive periods, in this paper we describe an approach that eliminates the need for latching mechanisms. Instead of latching mechanisms, the principles of transpermanent magnetics are employed to switch the states of permanent magnets; the use of permanent magnets instead of electromagnets eliminates power loads during inactive periods, thereby reducing power consumption to ultralow levels. The permanent magnets in a transpermanent magnet valve are configured in a stack. The relationships between the strength and number of permanent magnets in the stack and the stroke and resolution of the valve are developed. In this paper we show that the alternating uniform linear stack is well suited for digital process valves having a small number of states. Then in the paper we report on the design and testing of a laboratory prototype valve that uses an alternating uniform linear stack. The prototype valve had five states yielding a range of flow rates between 0 and 1.58m∕s with a resolution of 0.3m∕s. In this paper we find that transpermanent valves represent a promising valve technology for digital process valves.

Linguistic change and diffusion: description and explanation in sociolinguistic dialect geography

1974 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Trudgill
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Variation ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Sociolinguistic Variation ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
British English ◽  
The Social ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Dialect Geography

ABSTRACTLinguistic geography has remained relatively unaffected by recent developments in sociolinguistic theory and method and theoretical geography. In this paper it is argued that insights and techniques from both these disciplines will be of value in improving descriptions of geographical variation in language, and that these improvements will in turn lead to more adequate explanations for certain of the social and spatial characteristics of linguistic change. Evidence in favour of a sociolinguistic methodology and new cartographic techniques in dialect geography is drawn from empirical studies in urban dialectology, in East Anglia, England, and rural dialectology, in Norway. (Sociolinguistic variation, dialectology, linguistic change, British English, Norwegian.)

The radically isolating languages of Flores

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. McWhorter
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Austronesian Languages ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Linguistic Approach

Abstract The languages of central Flores are all but devoid of affixation, despite that this is hardly typical of the Austronesian languages of their family, including closely related languages elsewhere on the island and nearby ones. A traditional approach to these central Flores languages’ typology is to ascribe their analyticity to grammar-internal drift, under which the disappearance of this affixal battery was due merely to fortuitous matters of stress, analogy, reanalysis, etc. Here I argue that a great deal of evidence suggests that these languages actually underwent heavy second-language acquisition by adults at some point in the relatively recent past, most likely by male invaders from a different island. The evidence includes phenomena familiar from recent developments in creolization theory, as well as a cross-linguistic approach to analyticity and its causes.

scholarly journals RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE NUCLEAR MANY-BODY PROBLEM

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (28) ◽  
pp. 5111-5126 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. FURNSTAHL
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Effective Field Theory ◽  
Body Problem ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Analytic Structure ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Recent Developments

The study of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) over the past quarter century has had relatively little impact on the traditional approach to the low-energy nuclear many-body problem. Recent developments are changing this situation. New experimental capabilities and theoretical approaches are opening windows into the richness of many-body phenomena in QCD. A common theme is the use of effective field theory (EFT) methods, which exploit the separation of scales in physical systems. At low energies, effective field theory can explain how existing phenomenology emerges from QCD and how to refine it systematically. More generally, the application of EFT methods to many-body problems promises insight into the analytic structure of observables, the identification of new expansion parameters, and a consistent organisation of many-body corrections, with reliable error estimates.

Migration and the Dynamics of Multiregional Population Systems

1975 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 793-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Cordey-Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Population Migration ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Settlement Systems ◽  
Royal Road ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
National Settlement ◽  
Two Sectors

This paper gives a personal perspective on some models of national settlement systems, and draws attention to the importance of population migration within these models. It includes a discussion of the inadequacies of current models of interurban migration for the analysis of the dynamic interaction between the demographic and economic growth sectors of a system of postindustrìal cities. The paper is not, however, a review; instead, the aim is to obtain insights on how to progress towards a framework and a strategy for research that will usefully contribute to the analysis of national settlement policy. Section 2 considers recent developments in multiregional demographic analysis and argues that these are of limited usefulness unless they are integrated with models of regional economic growth. Results are presented which show that multiregional demographic analyses are extremely sensitive to the assumptions about migration movements. Section 3 outlines three models which interrelate demographic and economic growth, and stresses the links between the two sectors. Each model considers population migration a key link, and two of them assume that the movement of workers provides an equilibrating mechanism between labour supply and demand. Section 4 questions the validity of this traditional approach to migration and argues that, for a system of postindustrial cities, a new approach is required (Morrison, 1973; Renshaw, 1972; Cordey-Hayes and Gleave, 1973; 1974). A conceptual framework, which emphasizes information flows, differential mobility, and inhomogeneity of labour, is sketched. The final section concludes that no single model or approach provides a royal road to models of national settlement systems, owing to gaps in our understanding of the dynamics of interactions amongst cities. It is suggested that a hierarchy of models should be developed at varying levels of approximation.

scholarly journals Traditional and modern strategies for optical flow: an investigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Tafseer Haider Shah ◽  
Xiang Xuezhi
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Optical Flow ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Flow Estimation ◽  
Optical Flow Estimation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Almost All

AbstractOptical Flow Estimation is an essential component for many image processing techniques. This field of research in computer vision has seen an amazing development in recent years. In particular, the introduction of Convolutional Neural Networks for optical flow estimation has shifted the paradigm of research from the classical traditional approach to deep learning side. At present, state of the art techniques for optical flow are based on convolutional neural networks and almost all top performing methods incorporate deep learning architectures in their schemes. This paper presents a brief analysis of optical flow estimation techniques and highlights most recent developments in this field. A comparison of the majority of pertinent traditional and deep learning methodologies has been undertaken resulting the detailed establishment of the respective advantages and disadvantages of the traditional and deep learning categories. An insight is provided into the significant factors that affect the success or failure of the two classes of optical flow estimation. In establishing the foremost existing and inherent challenges with traditional and deep learning schemes, probable solutions have been proposed indeed.

Criminal Process faced with the Challenges of Scientific and Technological Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Caianiello
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Fact Finding

This work examines some current-time challenges to the basic principles concerning fact-finding in criminal proceedings. The starting point of the analysis is that, no matter the theoretical model adopted in a criminal justice system, the essence of fair trial is that each party shall enjoy an effective chance to tell its story and to challenge the story and the theses proposed by the counterparts. This approach to criminal proceedings, that we can synthetically define as inspired by the art of doubt, seems nowadays under attack, because of the recent developments at the scientific and technological levels, and of their implication to fact-finding models at trial. In particular, in a cultural and legal framework showing a decreasing sensitivity to the rights of the defence, the “doubt-based” or Socratic traditional approach seems defied by three factors: the digital revolution; the raise and spreading use of neurosciences; and the increasing employment of artificial intelligence in adjudicating cases. The thesis here submitted is that the traditional bases of fact-finding at trial can endure even against these challenges, as far as lawyers and scholars will be able to keep a critical and doubt-oriented approach to the new scientific and digital evidentiary instruments made available by the current development of technology.

Pragmatism, Power, and Politics: A Pentecostal Conversation with President Obama's Favorite Theologian, Reinhold Niebuhr

Pneuma ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-260
Author(s):  
Tony Lee Richie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North American ◽  
Political Theology ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reinhold Niebuhr ◽  
Christian Realism ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Spiritual Nature ◽  
Recent Developments

AbstractIn conversation with Reinhold Niebuhr, this essay explores ecumenical, economical, and political theology and practice against a contextual backdrop of recent developments in Cuba relative to the United States with specific implications for North American Pentecostal Christians. First, it argues that Niebuhr's Christian realism and Pentecostalism's pragmatic orientation may be allies in addressing economic and political issues; and second, his perspective on the spiritual nature and proper use of power may inform Pentecostalism's traditional approach to power so as to expand its parameters for more precise political and social implementation. Further, the contemporary relevance of this discussion is framed and informed by President Barack Obama's vaunted appropriation of Niebuhr in a creative integrative practice of faith and politics.

scholarly journals The Nepal’s Political Relationship with India: Under the Lens of Path Dependency Theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
Gaurav Raja Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Dependent Theory ◽  
Economic Support ◽  
Political Relationship ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Path Dependent

The recent developments in Nepal’s politics from the abolition of autocratic monarchy, promulgation of a new constitution to successful completion of local, provincial, and federal level elections can be perceived as Nepal’s politics achieving miraculous success in forming democracy. Throughout the history, heavy reliance on the Indian economy has been considered as a major hurdle to Nepal’s sovereignty. This paper analyzes the Nepal-India relationship through path-dependent theory and argues that with series of above mentioned democratic success, the contemporary Nepali foreign policy towards India is at a critical juncture where Nepal can incorporate new changes to make its policies independent and uninfluenced by the Indian government. Analyzing the series of political and democratic events and foreign policies implemented to date, this paper aims to understand how the Nepali leadership can utilize these recent series of democratic successes as a turning point to break the traditional approach of forming policies to appease the Indian government and receive political and economic support and implement new policy changes leveraging on the multilateral organizations and developmental partners for its support economically and politically.

scholarly journals Pedagogical Strategies For Incorporating Behavioral Finance Concepts In Investment Courses

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Adams ◽  
Terry Mullins ◽  
Barry Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Behavioral Finance ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Efficient Market Hypothesis ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Rational Behavior ◽  
Pedagogical Strategies ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Approach To Teaching

The traditional approach to teaching a course in investments is predicated upon the efficient market hypothesis, modern portfolio theory, and the assumption that decision-makers are rational, wealth optimizing entities.  Recent developments in the arena of behavioral finance (BF) have raised questions about this approach. Although the idea of efficient markets is widely accepted in academic circles, financial markets often fail to behave as predicted by the theory. For the teacher of undergraduate investments, these divergent views create significant pedagogical challenges and opportunities. BF has particular implications for investing in financial markets, where the faith in rational behavior is perhaps the greatest.  This paper identifies alternative strategies for dealing with these issues in the classroom.

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