Constant light exposure terminates pregnancy in rats with pineal gland dysfunction, low melatonin level and pro-inflammatory response

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrii M Berbets ◽  
Adrian M Barbe ◽  
Oleksandr M Yuzko
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Constant Light ◽  
Melatonin Level ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Pineal Function ◽  
Normal Light

In the current study, the prolonged light exposure at night on the function of pineal gland, melatonin production, pro-inflammatory response and progress of pregnancy in pregnant rats were investigated. A long term (entire gestation stage) of 24 h light exposure not only modify the morphologies of pinealocytes by decreasing their nucleus/cytoplasm ratio and mitochondrial numbers but also reduce the level of circulating melatonin. The biological consequences for this constant light exposure in pregnant rats were the elevated the pro-inflammatory response indicated by the increased production of IL-6 and finally, the termination of pregnancy compared to their controlled counterparts under the normal light/dark cycle. The result showed that the pregnancy was terminated at the early stage of embryo development. The report, for the first time, established a potential association among the pineal function, pro-inflammatory reaction and pregnant progress under the influence of light exposure. This observation has a high relevant to the rise in human infertility since humans have overexposed to the light at night with the increased light pollution globally.

Prenatal melatonin and its interaction with tachykinins in the hypothalamic - pituitary - gonadal axis

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Díaz López ◽  
L. Debeljuk
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Developmental Pattern ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Paracrine Factors ◽  
Pineal Function

The pineal gland, through its hormone melatonin, influences the function of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. Tachykinins are bioactive peptides whose presence has been demonstrated in the pineal gland, hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland and the gonads, in addition to other central and peripheral structures. Tachykinins have been demonstrated to influence the function of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, acting as paracrine factors at each of these levels. In the present review, we examine the available evidence supporting a role for melatonin in the regulation of reproductive functions, the possible role of tachykinins in pineal function and the possible interactions between melatonin and tachykinins in the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. Evidence is presented showing that melatonin, given to pregnant rats, influences the developmental pattern of tachykinins in the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland of the offspring during postnatal life. In the gonads, the effects of melatonin on the tachykinin developmental pattern were rather modest. In particular, in the present review, we have included a summary of our own work performed in the past few years on the effect of melatonin on tachykinin levels in the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis.

Constant light exposure impairs immune tolerance development in mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromi Mizutani ◽  
Risa Tamagawa-Mineoka ◽  
Yoichi Minami ◽  
Kazuhiro Yagita ◽  
Norito Katoh
Keyword(s):  
Immune Tolerance ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Constant Light ◽  
Tolerance Development

INTERACTIONS OF THE PINEAL AND EXPOSURE TO CONTINUOUS LIGHT ON ORGAN WEIGHTS OF FEMALE RATS

1961 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Jay Wurtman ◽  
Willard Roth ◽  
Mark D. Altschule ◽  
Judith J. Wurtman
Keyword(s):  
Light Exposure ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Constant Light ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Bovine Pineal Extracts ◽  
Pineal Extracts ◽  
Effect Of Light

ABSTRACT Either exposure to constant light for 80 days or pinealectomy produced similar changes in the weights of the ovaries and adrenals of female rats. These were not additive when both procedures were employed. Pinealectomy did not share with light-exposure the capacity to induce uterine hypertrophy. Rats exposed to constant light for 56 days had lighter pineals than animals kept in darkness; this decrease was not affected by administration of bovine pineal extracts. The increase in ovarian weight produced in rats by exposure to light for 56 days was prevented by bovine pineal extracts, but these extracts were without effect on the uterine hypertrophy produced under the same conditions. These data suggest that the effect of light upon the weight of the ovary is mediated via the pineal.

Association Between CSF Beta-Amyloid and Apathy in Early-Stage Alzheimer Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vergallo ◽  
L. Giampietri ◽  
C. Pagni ◽  
F. S. Giorgi ◽  
V. Nicoletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Csf Biomarkers ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Modifying Effect ◽  
Amyloid Aβ ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
Item Scores ◽  
T Tau ◽  
Late Stages

Aim: The apathetic syndrome is a common clinical feature in patients with Alzheimer diseases (AD), from preclinical phases to late stages of dementia, and it is strongly related to major disease outcomes. Unfortunately, no specific pharmacological treatments for apathy have been accomplished so far. Translational evidences have previously shown that a link between apathy and hallmarks of AD-related pathophysiology, that is, β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, exists. However, only few studies investigated the association between core biomarkers of AD and apathy scores, finding conflicting results. Methods: Thirty-seven patients were identified as having AD dementia according to National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer Association 2011 criteria. All participants underwent an extensive diagnostic workup including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) assessment to measure the concentrations of Aβ42, t-tau, and pTau181. To follow, they were stratified as: apathy absence, apathy mild, and apathy severe according to the Neuro Psychiatric Inventory-apathy item scores. We investigated for potential associations between apathy scores and CSF biomarkers concentrations as well as for differences in terms of clinical and CSF biomarkers data across the 3 apathy groups. Results: The CSF Aβ42 concentrations were negatively correlated with apathy scores. In addition, patients with severe apathy had significantly lower Aβ42 levels compared to nonapathetic ones. Conclusion: Based on our results, we encourage further studies to untangle the potential association between the complex pathophysiological dynamics of AD and apathy which may represent an innovative reliable clinical outcome measure to use in clinical trials, investigating treatments with either a symptomatic or a disease-modifying effect.

Parkin in early stage LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells regulates pro-inflammatory response and mitochondrial quality via mitophagy

2019 ◽  
Vol 336 ◽  
pp. 577044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye Keun Yun ◽  
Junghyung Park ◽  
UnBin Chae ◽  
Hyun-Shik Lee ◽  
Jae-Won Huh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Early Stage

Some Effects of Temperature and Light on Floral Initiation and Development in Acacia pycnantha

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sedgley
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Floral Primordia ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Normal Light

Floral initiation and development in Acacia pycnantha were studied under three environments. Two had ambient southern Australian temperatures of warm summer (mean max. 32°C, mean min. 16°C) and cool winter (mean max. 19°C, mean min. 8°C), one with full sunlight (outside) and the other with 30% light intensity (shadehouse). The other environment (glasshouse) had slightly lower than normal light intensity and a relatively constant year round temperature of mean 28°C maximum and 16°C minimum. Plants were scored for microscopic and macroscopic evidence of floral initiation and development. Floral primordia were initiated all year round under all environments. Floral development proceeded normally under ambient conditions of temperature and light, and anthesis occurred between August and October. Under low light intensity, floral development did not progress beyond a very early stage and macroscopically visible racemes were rare. Under the constant temperatures, floral development proceeded normally up to the stage of microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis. Meiosis did not occur and inflorescence buds ceased growth and were shed from the plant. Plants were transferred between the outside and glasshouse conditions in June, at around the stage of meiosis. Those transferred from outside to the glasshouse did not flower whereas some of those transferred from the glasshouse to outside flowered, but later and for a shorter period than plants maintained outside throughout. It appears that a 70% reduction in sunlight inhibits floral development at an early stage and that temperatures of approximately mean maximum 19°C and minimum 8°C are required for meiosis in Acacia pycnantha.

scholarly journals Expression of macrophage CD14 receptor in the course of experimental inflammatory responses induced by lipopolysaccharide and muramyl dipeptide

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 347-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Sladek ◽  
D. Rysanek
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Muramyl Dipeptide ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Count ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
Time Point

The aim of this study was to determine whether expression of CD14 on macrophages is regulated differently during initiation and resolution of the inflammatory response caused by CD14-dependent (lipopolysaccharide) and CD14-independent (muramyldipeptide) bacterial signals. In cell suspensions from the site of inflammation we observed two types of macrophages: non-vacuolized (<sub>N</sub>MAC) and vacuolized (<sub>V</sub>MAC) cells. <sub>N</sub>MAC (monocyte-like cells) were dominant during the early stage of the inflammatory response, whilst <sub>V</sub>MAC contained phagocytosed apoptotic neutrophils in various stages of digestion. These latter cells were dominant during resolution (particularly at the last time point of 168 h). Intramammary instillation of muramyldipeptide (MDP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) resulted in a significant increase in the total count of CD14+ <sub>N</sub>MAC after 24 h (muramyldipeptide <I>P</I> < 0.01 and lipopolysaccharide <I>P</I> < 0.05) compared to phosphate buffered saline (PBS). During resolution of the inflammatory response, a gradual decrease in the total count of CD14+ <sub>N</sub>MAC was observed. The difference compared with PBS was significant at 48 h and 72 h after instillation of both bacterial agents (muramyldipeptide: <I>P</I> < 0.05; lipopolysaccharide: <I>P</I> < 0.05). A lower total count of CD14+ <sub>V</sub>MAC was observed as an effect of MDP and LPS at 24 h after induction (<I>P</I> < 0.05), when compared to PBS. During resolution, the total count of CD14+ <sub>V</sub>MAC increased. Differences (<I>P</I> < 0.01) were observed at 72 h and 168 h after LPS compared to PBS. We therefore assume that the expression of CD14 on macrophages is not regulated differently during the inflammatory responses caused by CD14-dependent and CD14-independent bacterial signals. On the other hand, the stage of the inflammatory response to MDP and LPS played an important role in the regulation of CD14 expression on macrophages.

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