A Study on whether or not the Prajñāpāramitā is a Spell through the Comparison of the Large Heart sutra version and Small Heart Sutra version

2018 ◽  
Vol null (54) ◽  
pp. 271-302
Author(s):  
Taeseung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Small Heart ◽  
Heart Sutra

Instantiation and individuation in Buddhist scripture translation

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-246
Author(s):  
Pin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Buddhist Scripture ◽  
English Translations ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Chinese And English ◽  
Heart Sutra

Abstract This paper analyses and compares the systemic functional features of the Sanskrit original text and the Chinese and English translations of the Buddhist scripture Heart Sutra, focusing on the ideational components that are manifest on the strata of discourse semantics and lexicogrammar. Results show that there are both expected equivalence and significant differences among the Sanskrit original text and the two translated texts. The accounts for the equivalence and differences are twofold (on two hierarchies): in terms of instantiation, the translators go along different re-instantiation routes in finding corresponding potentials between the source text and their respective target texts; in terms of individuation, the English and Chinese translators’ personal and social identity has an immediate influence on their respective reproductions of the text.

Prematurity and Small Heart Volume

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Hjördis Robbe ◽  
Inga Rune
Keyword(s):  
Heart Volume ◽  
Small Heart

Abstract 5501: Reduced Coronary Reserve as a Mechanism in Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Mediated Cardiomyopathy and its Rescue by Adenylyl Cyclase Type 5 Knockout

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shumin Gao ◽  
Lin Yan ◽  
Chull Hong ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adenylyl Cyclase ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Coronary Reserve ◽  
Small Heart ◽  
Cardinal Feature ◽  
Adenylyl Cyclase Type 5

Reduced coronary reserve (CR) is a cardinal feature of human cardiomyopathy, but it has not been studied extensively in mouse models of cardiomyopathy, potentially because of difficulties inherent to measuring CR in such a small heart. The first goal of this study was to determine if reduced CR is a potential mechanism involved in a transgenic (Tg) mouse model of cardiomyopathy, induced by cardiac overexpression of beta 2 -adrenergic receptors (beta 2 -AR Tg). Older beta 2 -AR Tg mice (16–17 months, n=7) developed cardiomyopathy, as reflected by decreased LV ejection fraction (LVEF, 50±7%), and increased fibrosis (5.2±0.4%) and apoptosis (3.8±0.6%). CR was obtained by measuring LV coronary blood flow at baseline and with adenosine (160 microg/kg/min) induced hyperemia using high resolution ultrasound (Vevo 770). CR was significantly decreased in beta 2 -AR Tg (1.8±0.2) compared with wild type (WT) (3.0±0.3, n=6). The next goal was to determine if the rescue of the beta 2 -AR Tg cardiomyopathy resulted in a rescue of reduced CR. Since adenylyl cyclase type 5 knockout (AC5 KO) mice are protected against catecholamine stress and the development of heart failure (HF), and exhibit enhanced CR (3.7±0.4, n=5), we hypothesized that mating these mice with beta 2 -AR Tg might rescue the cardiomyopathy. Older (16–17 months, n=4) bigenic mice (beta 2 -AR Tg x AC5 KO) demonstrated a rescue of cardiomyopathy, as reflected by normalized LVEF (71±1%) and levels of apoptosis (0.11±0.01%) and fibrosis (1.09±0.33%), similar to WT. In these mice, CR was also normalized (3.4±0.6). Reduced CR in beta 2 -AR Tg cardiomyopathy is similar to that observed in large mammalian models, and in patients with cardiomyopathy. Thus, this mechanism is important to consider in mouse models of cardiomyopathy, in general, and also in particular for the mechanism of the rescue of the beta 2 -AR Tg cardiomyopathy by AC5 KO.

The Heart Sutra

2018 ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
Graham Lock ◽  
Gary S. Linebarger
Keyword(s):  
Heart Sutra
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