scholarly journals Development of moral and ethical qualities of primary schoolchildren through a reflective environment (through the example of mathematics and music lessons)

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 263-274
Author(s):  
Galina Yu. Kolycheva ◽  
◽  
Irina G. Kalinina ◽  
Svetlana Yu. Zavarina ◽  
◽  
...  

Introduction. The development of pedagogical science requires the introduction of new technologies, forms, and methods of influencing children’s microcommunity. At the present stage of social development, the need for moral and ethical education of the younger generation increasingly arises as the assimilation of external requirements for behavior in accordance with their own convictions, which are actively developing in primary school age. In this regard, it is relevant to study the possibilities of using the reflective environment in multidirectional mathematics and music lessons. The purpose of the study was to study the development of moral and ethical qualities as a result of the organization of a reflective environment at mathematics and music lessons for children of primary school age. Materials and methods. The experimental study was conducted from September 2016 to May 2020. The study was conducted in the Municipal Educational Institution “General Secondary School No. 22” and the Municipal Budgetary General Education Institution “General Secondary School No. 28” in Orekhovo-Zuevo, Moscow Region. Two hundred and twelve schoolchildren studying at these schools took part in the study. The χ2-Pearson statistical test was used for statistical processing. Results. The results obtained during the ascertaining stage of the experiment made it possible to identify and characterize a number of shortcomings in the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral components of the moral and ethical development of primary schoolchildren. In accordance with the need to develop moral and ethical qualities, an appropriate reflective environment was organized in the experimental classes of both schools. The development of moral and ethical qualities of primary schoolchildren through the reflective environment was successful, which is confirmed by statistically significant differences at the control stage of the experiment (χ2 = 42.27>χ20.05). Discussion of results and conclusion. The need for the formation of reflexive abilities in primary school age necessitates the creation of a special environment, the use of effective author’s techniques. It is advisable to include the use of reflective practice-oriented situations in the structure of mathematics and music lessons.

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-262
Author(s):  
Marina V. Grigorieva ◽  
◽  
Rail M. Shamionov ◽  
Elena S. Grinina ◽  
Alexey V. Sozonnik ◽  
...  

Modern education is characterized by the variability of forms and requirements, which necessitates the search for the ways of effective academic adaptation of students. The purpose of this study is to study and experimentally confirm the component structure of academic adaptation at primary school age. The study involved 80 primary schoolchildren of the municipal educational institution "Secondary school No. 59" in Saratov (RF) and 51 parents. To study the component structure of the academic adaptation, the authors' questionnaire and scales for parents and children were used to assess the motivational, emotional, cognitive, communicative, personal (regulatory), as well as psychophysiological components of academic adaptation. New scientific data were obtained on the relationship of the motivational component of academic adaptation (with cognitive r= 0.245, at p < 0.05), cognitive (with internal learning motivation, r= 0.529, at p <0.01), and personal (with cognitive r= 0.375, at p< 0.01). It was found that the most variable characteristic of the academic adaptation of primary schoolchildren is the arbitrariness of mental processes (σ = 0.9). As a result of factor analysis, 7 factors of academic adaptation were identified: "Consistency of self-esteem as a good student", "Orientation towards independence in studies and communication with peers", "Psychophysiological distress", "Avoiding school troubles based on emotional self-regulation and thinking through actions at school", "Striving to improve normative behavior at school", "Social success in school", "General emotional well-being at school". It is also shown that, in the views of parents, the mental stress of students is a positive factor in the academic adaptation of their children, while the students themselves experience a negative influence of this factor on the success of their adaptation. The results of the experimental study enabled to create the scientific basis for developing a technology of psychological and pedagogical support for the academic adaptation of primary school students, contributing to the successful inclusion of a child in the educational environment.


Author(s):  
Svitlana Fedorenko ◽  
Marina Polykovski

The article presents special methodology for developing figurative speech, which has a compensatory value among primary schoolchildren, with reduced vision. The complexity of the figurative speech understanding process and the need for developing it among visually impaired children was specified by the scientists, Litvak (2006), Sineva (2008), Fedorenko (2015). The principles (general didactic, linguo-didactic, and special) and the main tasks for developing and correcting each figurative speech component among younger vision-impaired learners are defined as follows: cognitive (development of the visual-figurative basis of speech); emotional (the development of speech expressiveness and the emotional-sensory sphere) and creative-practical (formation of skills and abilities for using the exponents of imagery in speech proficiently, the development of skills for active work with words). The directions of correctional work for each figurative speech component are described. The results obtained by implementing the experimental method indicated positive dynamism in figurative speech development among younger vision-impaired learners in the experimental classes for all the components established in the experimental study, pointing to the effectiveness of the proposed work method on their formation and correction. It was stated that vision impaired children are able to understand and explain the essence of imagery expression, which is available to pupils of primary school age; expressively read and talk about their feelings and emotions from the read literary text; use the means of imagery in their own speech consciously and appropriately, with special pedagogical guidance.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Ulzytueva Alexandra I. ◽  
◽  
Kurganskaya Alla V. ◽  

The article updates the problem of developing the skills of analyzing a work of art in children of preschool and primary school age. The article defines the significance of the analysis of works of fiction in solving the problems of introducing children to book culture, forming interest in reading children’s literature. The solution of the indicated problems is possible when teachers of preschool and primary general education have methodological competence, manifested in knowledge of the features of works of folklore and fiction, in the ability to analyze them. In order to identify the formation of methodological competence, teachers of preschool educational organizations and secondary schools were offered questionnaires, the results of the questionnaire are presented in the article. It was revealed that teachers realize the importance of analyzing works of art, know the methods and techniques of analyzing works, explaining words unfamiliar to children, are able to formulate questions that reveal an understanding of the content of the work, etc. However, it is not always correct to determine at what stage of acquaintance with an art work it is appropriate to ask questions of a different nature, focused on a deep analysis of the work. The analysis of teacher questionnaires and the direct monitoring of the educational activities of children and teachers in preschool educational organizations and schools indicate the need for systematic and systematic work to increase the methodological competence of primary school teachers and teachers in the field of analysis of works of art. Keywords: analysis of artistic work, children of preschool and primary school age, methodological competence, methods and techniques of analysis of artistic work, federal state educational standard of preschool education, federal state educational standard of primary general education


Author(s):  
Alexander Ivanovich Savenkov ◽  
Olga Ya. Gavrilova

The article presents the results of an empirical study of specific characteristics of the success of boys and girls of primary school age in solving convergent problems under the condition of varying motivational attitudes. The study was conducted in the elementary school of the State Budgetary Educational Institution of Moscow “School No. 1561” educational complex in 2016-2018. The study sample includes 239 second-grade students the average age of whom was 8.2 years old. 137 of the study participants were boys and 102 were girls which constitutes 57% and 43% of the sample, respectively. Motivation is assessed via the authors’ modification of N.V. Elfimova’s method “A ladder of motives”, a version of M. Seligman’s Children’s Attributional Style Questionnaire (CASQ) modified by N.A. Baturina and D.A. Tsiring, and the authors’ modification of C. Dweck’s Implicit Theory Scale. The study of the cognitive sphere of the primary school students involves J. Raven’s progressive matrices test, P. Torrance’s test of creative thinking, and E.E. Tunik’s adaptation of J. Johnson’s creativity scale. Within the framework of the experiment, two blocks of convergent tasks are formed: one including non-verbal transitivity tasks (the logical block) and the other containing volumetric and spatial thinking tasks (the spatial block). It is established that the success of primary school students of both sexes in solving convergent tasks is associated not only with the extrinsic motivational attitude constructed through verbal instruction but also with the specific psychological characteristics of the development of the cognitive and motivational spheres in children. The relationship between the success in solving convergent tasks and the psychological characteristics of cognitive development and the motivational sphere differs for boys and girls of primary school age which manifests most intensely in the level of development of the non-verbal component, the leading motivation, and the specifics of the development of the attributional style of explaining success and failure, as well as its particular components.


2021 ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
L. Sil'chenkova

The article is devoted to the development by readers of primary school age of the emotional sphere of a work of art, through which one of the key modern competencies is formed - emotional intelligence. The author describes the possibilities of developing emotional intelligence in junior schoolchildren in the course of studying the subject "Literary reading", which is carried out on the basis of their acquaintance with the psychology of children's fiction. Psychologism is considered as an element of the artistic form of a work, with the help of which its meaning and ideological and emotional content are expressed. The methods of using psychologism in the literary and artistic text are characterized and, taking this into account, the methodological approaches to the development of full-fledged textual activity of primary schoolchildren are considered.


Author(s):  
Elena Golubeva

The article presents the results of a study of ideas about the family in primary schoolchildren of different ages. The respondents were 95 primary schoolchildren, students of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th grades of secondary schools. A free associative experiment was used as a research method. It was found that the content of the most common associations varies from one age group to another. During primary school age, the characteristic that children give to relationships between family members is transformed (“friendship” changes to “love”), the mention of “I” from the list of family members disappears, the frequency of use of generalizing categories (“relatives”, “kin”) increases. The results can be used by specialists working with children to assess the family situation in which the child grows, from the perspective of the experiences of the child.


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Э. Полякова ◽  
E. Polyakova

The article reveals the content of the work on the formation of universal cognitive actions for younger schoolchildren in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education, including analysis, comparison, explanation, and the development of speech skills necessary for creating text-discourse. Different types and genres of texts are characterized and their structure is described. On specific examples, methodological methods and forms of organization of the process of teaching children of primary school age to the compilation of texts-discourse are considered.


2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Wagner ◽  
Vasileios Lampos ◽  
Elad Yom-Tov ◽  
Richard Pebody ◽  
Ingemar J Cox

BACKGROUND The rollout of a new childhood live attenuated influenza vaccine program was launched in England in 2013, which consisted of a national campaign for all 2 and 3 year olds and several pilot locations offering the vaccine to primary school-age children (4-11 years of age) during the influenza season. The 2014/2015 influenza season saw the national program extended to include additional pilot regions, some of which offered the vaccine to secondary school children (11-13 years of age) as well. OBJECTIVE We utilized social media content to obtain a complementary assessment of the population impact of the programs that were launched in England during the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 flu seasons. The overall community-wide impact on transmission in pilot areas was estimated for the different age groups that were targeted for vaccination. METHODS A previously developed statistical framework was applied, which consisted of a nonlinear regression model that was trained to infer influenza-like illness (ILI) rates from Twitter posts originating in pilot (school-age vaccinated) and control (unvaccinated) areas. The control areas were then used to estimate ILI rates in pilot areas, had the intervention not taken place. These predictions were compared with their corresponding Twitter-based ILI estimates. RESULTS Results suggest a reduction in ILI rates of 14% (1-25%) and 17% (2-30%) across all ages in only the primary school-age vaccine pilot areas during the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 influenza seasons, respectively. No significant impact was observed in areas where two age cohorts of secondary school children were vaccinated. CONCLUSIONS These findings corroborate independent assessments from traditional surveillance data, thereby supporting the ongoing rollout of the program to primary school-age children and providing evidence of the value of social media content as an additional syndromic surveillance tool.


Author(s):  
Светлана Ивановна Карпова ◽  
Наталья Сергеевна Муродходжаева ◽  
Ольга Викторова Цаплина ◽  
Александр Пилялович Каитов

Введение. Исследуется актуальная проблема реализации педагогического потенциала мультипликации в образовании детей дошкольного и младшего школьного возраста. Представлены этапы развития детской мультипликации, отечественный и зарубежный опыт использования мультипликации в образовательной практике с дошкольниками и младшими школьниками, проблемы влияния мультипликации на детей, перспективы развития педагогического потенциала мультипликации в обучении детей на ступени дошкольного и начального общего образования. Цель – провести теоретическое исследование реализации педагогического потенциала мультипликации в образовании детей дошкольного и младшего школьного возраста. Материал и методы. Материалом для исследования стали отечественные и зарубежные научные источники, которые содержат информацию о становлении мультипликации как вида киноискусства и образовательной технологии, а также результаты изучения проблемы применения мультипликации в воспитательной, образовательной и коррекционно-развивающей работе с детьми дошкольного и младшего школьного возраста. Использовались следующие методы: ретроспективный, сравнительно-сопоставительный анализ, контент-анализ, анализ и обобщение педагогического опыта, классификация. Результаты и обсуждение. Применение мультипликации в образовании связано с эволюцией ее образных средств (движение, время, пространство, цвет, графика и др.), в соответствии с этим можно выделить два основных этапа: первый – классический (докомпьютерный) и второй – современный (с применением компьютерных технологий). На первом этапе происходит становление мультипликации как вида киноискусства, в образовательной практике используются мультфильмы, созданные по мотивам народных и авторских сказок, басен, детских литературных произведений, а также мультфильмы с выраженным познавательным и дидактическим содержанием. Второй этап в развитии детской мультипликации связан с применением компьютерных технологий. Педагогический потенциал компьютерной анимации заключается в наглядности, воздействии выразительных средств анимации на восприятие учебного материала, интерактивности. Сформировались основные направления применения мультипликации в образовании: воспитание, обучение, творческая деятельность, коррекция, реабилитация. В настоящее время образовательная мультипликация представляет обобщающее название группы технологий, объединенных использованием анимации как образовательного инструмента и способствующих достижению образовательных результатов (личностных, метапредметных, предметных). В то же время существуют проблемы влияния современной мультипликации на детей. Мультфильмы с негативным содержанием (сцены убийства, насилия и т. п.) приводят к изменению поведения ребенка, появляются агрессивность, грубость, жестокость, эгоизм. Приоритетной задачей является разработка образовательного контента с использованием современного потенциала мультипликации для обучения, развития у детей и подростков навыков коммуникации, социализации, медиамышления и медиакультуры. Заключение. Перспективы развития педагогического потенциала детской мультипликации заключаются в создании целостной комплексной системы развивающего обучения на ступени дошкольного и начального общего образования с использованием мультипликации как образовательного инструмента. Introduction. The actual problem of realization of pedagogical potential of animation in education of preschool and primary school age children is investigated. The article presents the stages of development of children’s animation, domestic and foreign experience of using animation in educational practice with pre-school and primary schoolchildren, the problems of influence of animation on children, the prospects of development of pedagogical potential of animation in teaching children at the level of pre-school and primary general education. Material and methods. The materials for the research were domestic and foreign scientific sources, which contain information about the formation of animation as a kind of film art and as an educational technology, the results of the study of the problem of applying animation in educational, educational and correctional development work with children of preschool and primary school age. The following methods were used: retrospective, comparative analysis, content analysis, analysis and generalization of pedagogical experience, and classification. Purpose: to conduct a theoretical study of the implementation of the pedagogical potential of animation in the education of children of preschool and primary school age. Results and discussion. The application of animation in education is connected with the evolution of its figurative means (movement, time, space, color, graphics, etc.), in accordance with this, two main stages can be distinguished: the first – classical (pre-computer) and the second – modern (using computer technologies). The first stage is the formation of animation as a kind of film art, in educational practice used cartoons created on the basis of folk and author’s tales, fables, children’s literary works, as well as cartoons with a pronounced cognitive and didactic content. The second stage in the development of children’s animation involves the use of computer technology. The pedagogical potential of computer animation lies in the visualization and impact of expressive means of animation on the perception of educational material and interactivity. The main directions of animation application in education were formed: education, training, creative activity, correction, rehabilitation. Nowadays, educational animation represents a generalizing name of a group of technologies united by the use of animation as an educational tool and contributing to the achievement of educational results (personal, metaproject, subject). At the same time, there are problems with the impact of modern animated products on children. Cartoons with negative content (scenes of murder, violence, etc.) lead to changes in the behavior of the child, there is aggression, rudeness, cruelty, selfishness. The priority task is to develop educational content using the modern potential of animation for learning, developing communication, socialization, media and media culture skills in children and adolescents. Conclusion. The prospects for developing the pedagogical potential of children’s animation are to create a holistic integrated system of developing education at the level of preschool and primary general education using animation as an educational tool.


2021 ◽  
pp. 129-142
Author(s):  
L. Peretiatko ◽  
M. Teslenko

The article analyzes theoretical and empirical approaches to the study of factors of destruction of emotional states in primary school age. The specifics of psycho-emotional disorders in childhood and the factors of its destruction are revealed. It is found that the frequent manifestation of disorders of the psycho-emotional sphere of children is the emergence of fears, and the fears of children are associated with frequent manifestations of anxiety, which are summarized in the anxiety as a personal trait. It is established that the factors of destruction of emotional states in childhood include a wide range of factors, including biological preconditions for the formation of disorders, characterological peculiarities of children (emotionality, vulnerability, impressiveness, insecurity, expression of self), negative influences of socio-political conditions of society, propaganda of violence by mass media. However, the main factor in the formation of any psycho-emotional disorders of children are the shortcomings of family interaction, the uncomfortable nature of relationships with parents, their use of inconsistent and authoritarian types of upbringing. The results of the research of the destruction of emotional states of primary schoolchildren with different types of parental attitudes are analyzed. It is determined that the emotional states of primary schoolchildren largely depend on the type of parental attitude. Excessive concentration on the child provokes the destruction of emotional states of primary school children, provoking anxiety and fears. Instead, the predominance of parental attitudes of the optimal type of emotional contact is expressed in the harmonious emotional states of children.


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