Estimasi Suhu Reservoar Menggunakan Geotermometer (Studi Kasus Lapangan Panas Bumi Jaboi, Sabang)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Isa ◽  
Khairi Suhud
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Geochemical Study ◽  
Field Observation Data ◽  
Temperature Parameter ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Geochemical Studies

Gunung api Leumo Matee dan Seumeuregoh, Jaboi Sabang memiliki potensi energi panas bumi sangat besar. Hal ini ditandai dengan adanya manifestasi yang muncul di permukaan seperti uap panas, fumarol dan sumber air panas. Namun demikian, potensi panas bumi ini belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal oleh pihak-pihak terkait. Oleh karena itu, perlu dikaji lebih dalam dan menyeluruh untuk mendapatkan informasi yang detail, terutama parameter suhu dan karakteristik batuan/mineral. Metode untuk penentuan potensi panas bumi secara umum meliputi kajian geologi, geofisika dan geokimia. Pada penelitian ini difokuskan pada kajian geokimia khususnya analisis kimia fluida panas bumi. Pendekatan untuk menentukan karakteristik fluida kimia panas bumi dilakukan dengan metode penentuan geotermometri  untuk air (SiO2) dan gas (Na-K). Berdasarkan data pengamatan lapangan dan uji laboratorium yang terstandarisasi menunjukkan bahwa suhu bawah permukaan untuk fluida cair 222 oC dan 201 oC, sedangkan untuk gas 220 oC dan 204 oC. Hasil pengujian sampel fluida panas bumi menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi K+ =10,90 mg/L, konsentrasi Mg2+ = 64,50 mg/L, konsentrasi Ca2+ = 279,45 mg/L, konsentrasi Na+ =75,85 mg/L konsentrasi Cl- =7,45 mg/L, konsentrasi SO4- =5477,74 mg/L, dan  konsentrasi HCO3- = 0 mg/L. Berdasarkan interpretasi data-data tersebut terutama yang berkaitan dengan suhu reservoar yang diperoleh dengan dua pendekatan formula menunjukkan bahwa manifestasi panas bumi daerah Jaboi, Sabang sangat prospek untuk dikembangkan sebagai energi terbarukan dan ramah lingkungan.   The Volcano of Leumo Matee-Seumeuregoh in Jaboi, Sabang has a massive potential geothermal energy. This is indicated by the manifestation geothermal to surface such as hot steam, fumaroles and hot springs. Nevertheless, this potential geothermal has not been utilized optimally by stakeholders. Therefore, it is important to be deeply and holistically studied to get of detailed information, especially on the temperature parameter and the mineral characteristic. The method used to determine geothermal potency generally includes geological, geophysical and geochemical studies. However in this research geochemical study is more focused, especially the chemical analysis of geothermal fluid. The approach to determine the characteristic of geothermal chemical fluid is conducted by geothermometry technique for water (SiO2) and gas (Na-K). Based on the field observation data and the standardized laboratory test show that the subsurface temperature of liquid fluid is around 222 and 201 oC and gas is around 220 oC and 204 oC. The analysis of hot spring sample shows potassium (K+) concentration of 10.90 mg/L, magnesium (Mg2+) concentration of 64.50 mg/L, calcium (Ca2+) concentration of 279.45 mg/L, sodium (Na+) concentration of  75.85 mg/L, chloride (Cl-) concentration of 7.45 mg/L, sulfat (SO4=) concentration of  5477.74 mg/L, and bicarbonate (HCO3-) concentration of 0 mg/L. Based on the data, especially temperature that was calculated by using formulas Fournier and Gigenbach show that the geothermal manifestation of Jaboi Sabang region is very potential to be developed as a renewable and go green energy.

scholarly journals Exploration of Shallow Geothermal Energy Aquifers by Using Electrical Resistivity Survey in Laki Range Jamshoro district Sindh, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Muhammad Afzal Jamali ◽  
Muhammad Hassan Agheem ◽  
Akhtar Hussain Markhand ◽  
Shahid Ali Shaikh ◽  
Asfand Yar Wali Arain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Survey ◽  
Resistivity Survey ◽  
Geothermal Aquifer

Geothermal water is increasingly used around the world for its exploitation. Bulk electrical resistivity differences can bring significant information on variation of subsurface geothermal aquifer characteristics. The electrical resistivity survey was carried out in Laki range in lower Indus basin in the study area to explore the subsurface geothermal aquifers. The Schlumberger electrode configuration with range from 2 m to 220 m depth was applied. Three prominent locations of hot springs were selected including Laki Shah Saddar, Lalbagh and Kai hot spring near Sehwan city. After processing resistivity image data, two hot water geothermal aquifers were delineated at Laki Shah Sadder hot springs. The depth of first aquifer was 56 m and its thickness 38 m in the limestones. The depth of second aquifer of 190 m and with thickness of 96 m hosted in limestone. In Lalbagh hot springs two geothermal aquifers were delineated on the basis of apparent resistivity contrast, the depth of first aquifer zone in sandstone was in sandstone 15 m and thickness 12 m, while the depth of second aquifer was 61m and thickness was 35m. In Kai hot springs two hot water geothermal aquifers were delineated. The depth of first geothermal aquifer was 21m and thickness was 18 m and the depth of second aquifer was 105 m and thickness was 61m present in sandstone lithology. Present work demonstrates the capability of electrical resistivity images to study the potential of geothermal energy in shallow aquifers. These outcomes could potentially lead to a number of practical applications, such as the monitoring or the design of shallow geothermal systems.

scholarly journals Geofluids Assessment of the Ayub and Shafa Hot Springs in Kopet-Dagh Zone (NE Iran): An Isotopic Geochemistry Approach

Geofluids ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Mohammadzadeh ◽  
Majid Kazemi
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Environmental Isotopes ◽  
Geothermal Gradient ◽  
Deep Circulation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Kopet Dagh ◽  
Ne Iran

Geothermal energy has a wide range of uses in our life. It is very important to characterize the temperature and the depth of geothermal reservoirs. The aim of this paper is the determination of type, origin source of water temperature, and depth of water circulation in the Ayub-Peighambar and Shafa (AP and SH) hot springs, located in NE Iran, using hydrogeochemistry and environmental isotopes (2H and18O). AP hot spring has elevated temperature (36–40°C) and as such is very important for balneotherapy and geotourism industry purposes. The average values ofδ18O andδ2H for this hot spring (−10‰and −73‰, resp.) are analogous to that of geothermal and meteoric waters. This indicates that the heat source cannot be related to volcanic activities (with averageδ18O value of about 5‰) and it is most probably associated with geothermal gradient with deep circulation of groundwater through faults. Based on Na-K geothermometers coupled with isotopic (18O and2H) geochemistry the temperature of the AP geothermal reservoir was estimated to be in the range of 100–150°C with 3–5 and 4.2 kilometres’ depth, respectively. Chemically, the AP samples are CaSO4facies with a chemically homogeneous source and steam heated waters type.

Status Gizi, Perilaku Merokok di Dalam Rumah dengan Kejadian Pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Siti Rafidah Yunus ◽  
Maria Ekawati ◽  
Pritha Maya Savitri
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Effective Relationships ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Field Observation Data ◽  
Real Picture

Introduction: The doctor-patient relationship is based on good quality of communication and interaction with thepatient, so that it not only can help speed up the healing process, but also make the patient feel comfortable sincethe first visit to the health service. When dealing with pediatric patients, the ability to build a relationship of mutualtrust is done with a more open, honest attitude and understanding what they are feeling. Aim of study: This studyaims to see a real picture of the relationships, interactions and interpersonal communication between doctors andpatients in health care. Method: This study uses a qualitative descriptive study where data is obtained throughinterview transcripts, field observation data notes and photo documentation. A total of 7 participants were obtainedthrough a purposive sampling technique on pediatricians who are accustomed to engaging in effective relationships,interactions and communication with pediatric patients, families and introductors. Data were then analyzed usingthe Miles and Huberman method. Results and Discussions: The results of this study indicate 66.67% of parents orfamily members have smoking habits around children and 66.67% smoke when gathering with family. Most parentsor family members have the habit of opening windows as much as 75.76% of people. The results of bivariateanalysis showed that there was no relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of unde r-fivepneumonia (p = 0.732) and there was a relationship between smoking behavior and under-five pneumonia events (p= 0.021). Besides, smoking behavior at home can increase the incidence of pneumonia in toddlers. Conclusions:Therefore it is necessary to increase family awareness so as not to smoke near children.

scholarly journals Origin of the low-medium temperature hot springs around Nanjing, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 820-834
Author(s):  
Jun Ma ◽  
Zhifang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Geothermal Water ◽  
Geological Condition ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Karst Landform ◽  
Karst Landforms ◽  
Development And Management

Abstract The exploration of the origin of hot spring is the basis of its development and utilization. There are many low-medium temperature hot springs in Nanjing and its surrounding karst landform areas, such as the Tangshan, Tangquan, Lunshan, and Xiangquan hot springs. This article discusses the origin characters of the Lunshan hot spring with geological condition analysis, hydrogeochemical data, and isotope data. The results show that the hot water is SO4–Ca type in Lunshan area, and the cation content of SO4 is high, which are related to the deep hydrogeological conditions of the circulation in the limestone. Carbonate and anhydrite dissolutions occur in the groundwater circulation process, and they also dominate the water–rock interaction processes in the geothermal reservoir of Lunshan. The hot water rising channels are deeply affected by the NW and SN faults. Schematic diagrams of the conceptual model of the geothermal water circulation in Lunshan are plotted. The origin of Tangshan, Tangquan, and Xiangquan hot springs are similar to the Lunshan hot spring. In general, the geothermal water in karst landforms around Nanjing mainly runs through the carbonate rock area and is exposed near the core of the anticlinal structure of karst strata, forming SO4–Ca/SO4–Ca–Mg type hot spring with the water temperature less than 60°C. The characters of the hot springs around Nanjing are similar, which are helpful for the further research, development, and management of the geothermal water resources in this region.

scholarly journals Radon Activity Concentrations in Natural Hot Spring Water: Dose Assessment and Health Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 920
Author(s):  
Eka Djatnika Nugraha ◽  
Masahiro Hosoda ◽  
June Mellawati ◽  
Untara Untara ◽  
Ilsa Rosianna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Dose Assessment ◽  
West Java

The world community has long used natural hot springs for tourist and medicinal purposes. In Indonesia, the province of West Java, which is naturally surrounded by volcanoes, is the main destination for hot spring tourism. This paper is the first report on radon measurements in tourism natural hot spring water in Indonesia as part of radiation protection for public health. The purpose of this paper is to study the contribution of radon doses from natural hot spring water and thereby facilitate radiation protection for public health. A total of 18 water samples were measured with an electrostatic collection type radon monitor (RAD7, Durridge Co., USA). The concentration of radon in natural hot spring water samples in the West Java region, Indonesia ranges from 0.26 to 31 Bq L−1. An estimate of the annual effective dose in the natural hot spring water area ranges from 0.51 to 0.71 mSv with a mean of 0.60 mSv for workers. Meanwhile, the annual effective dose for the public ranges from 0.10 to 0.14 mSv with an average of 0.12 mSv. This value is within the range of the average committed effective dose from inhalation and terrestrial radiation for the general public, 1.7 mSv annually.

scholarly journals Microbial Diversity of Terrestrial Geothermal Springs in Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1473
Author(s):  
Ani Saghatelyan ◽  
Armine Margaryan ◽  
Hovik Panosyan ◽  
Nils-Kåre Birkeland
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Geothermal Springs ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Terrestrial Hot Springs

The microbial diversity of high-altitude geothermal springs has been recently assessed to explore their biotechnological potential. However, little is known regarding the microbiota of similar ecosystems located on the Armenian Highland. This review summarizes the known information on the microbiota of nine high-altitude mineralized geothermal springs (temperature range 25.8–70 °C and pH range 6.0–7.5) in Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh. All these geothermal springs are at altitudes ranging from 960–2090 m above sea level and are located on the Alpide (Alpine–Himalayan) orogenic belt, a seismically active region. A mixed-cation mixed-anion composition, with total mineralization of 0.5 mg/L, has been identified for these thermal springs. The taxonomic diversity of hot spring microbiomes has been examined using culture-independent approaches, including denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), 16S rRNA gene library construction, 454 pyrosequencing, and Illumina HiSeq. The bacterial phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, and Firmicutes are the predominant life forms in the studied springs. Archaea mainly include the phyla Euryarchaeota, Crenarchaeota, and Thaumarchaeota, and comprise less than 1% of the prokaryotic community. Comparison of microbial diversity in springs from Karvachar with that described for other terrestrial hot springs revealed that Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Deinococcus–Thermus are the common bacterial groups in terrestrial hot springs. Contemporaneously, specific bacterial and archaeal taxa were observed in different springs. Evaluation of the carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen metabolism in these hot spring communities has revealed diversity in terms of metabolic activity. Temperature seems to be an important factor in shaping the microbial communities of these springs. Overall, the diversity and richness of the microbiota are negatively affected by increasing temperature. Other abiotic factors, including pH, mineralization, and geological history, also impact the structure and function of the microbial community. More than 130 bacterial and archaeal strains (Bacillus, Geobacillus, Parageobacillus, Anoxybacillus, Paenibacillus, Brevibacillus Aeribacillus, Ureibacillus, Thermoactinomyces, Sporosarcina, Thermus, Rhodobacter, Thiospirillum, Thiocapsa, Rhodopseudomonas, Methylocaldum, Desulfomicrobium, Desulfovibrio, Treponema, Arcobacter, Nitropspira, and Methanoculleus) have been reported, some of which may be representative of novel species (sharing 91–97% sequence identity with their closest matches in GenBank) and producers of thermozymes and biomolecules with potential biotechnological applications. Whole-genome shotgun sequencing of T. scotoductus K1, as well as of the potentially new Treponema sp. J25 and Anoxybacillus sp. K1, were performed. Most of the phyla identified by 16S rRNA were also identified using metagenomic approaches. Detailed characterization of thermophilic isolates indicate the potential of the studied springs as a source of biotechnologically valuable microbes and biomolecules.

scholarly journals Carbon Source Preference in Chemosynthetic Hot Spring Communities

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 3834-3847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Urschel ◽  
Michael D. Kubo ◽  
Tori M. Hoehler ◽  
John W. Peters ◽  
Eric S. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
National Park ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Affinity Constant ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Acetate Assimilation

ABSTRACTRates of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), formate, and acetate mineralization and/or assimilation were determined in 13 high-temperature (>73°C) hot springs in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), Wyoming, in order to evaluate the relative importance of these substrates in supporting microbial metabolism. While 9 of the hot spring communities exhibited rates of DIC assimilation that were greater than those of formate and acetate assimilation, 2 exhibited rates of formate and/or acetate assimilation that exceeded those of DIC assimilation. Overall rates of DIC, formate, and acetate mineralization and assimilation were positively correlated with spring pH but showed little correlation with temperature. Communities sampled from hot springs with similar geochemistries generally exhibited similar rates of substrate transformation, as well as similar community compositions, as revealed by 16S rRNA gene-tagged sequencing. Amendment of microcosms with small (micromolar) amounts of formate suppressed DIC assimilation in short-term (<45-min) incubations, despite the presence of native DIC concentrations that exceeded those of added formate by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude. The concentration of added formate required to suppress DIC assimilation was similar to the affinity constant (Km) for formate transformation, as determined by community kinetic assays. These results suggest that dominant chemoautotrophs in high-temperature communities are facultatively autotrophic or mixotrophic, are adapted to fluctuating nutrient availabilities, and are capable of taking advantage of energy-rich organic substrates when they become available.

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