Perencanaan Produksi Kantung Plastik dengan Theory Of Constraints

Author(s):  
Ceria Farela Mada Tantrika ◽  
Ihwan Hamdala ◽  
Adinda Rachael

PTFJ memproduksi kantong plastik alami dan kantong plastik berwarna dengan berbagai ukuran. Kantong plastik alami merupakan pesanan khusus sedangkan kantung plastik berwarna merupakan persediaan. Proses produksi terdiri dari 5 tahap, yaitu Pencampuran, Peniupan, Pemotongan, Perforasi, dan Pengemasan. Ada perbedaan dalam jumlah mesin, pengangkut, dan pergeseran di setiap tahap. Karena perbedaan-perbedaan ini, produksi perlu direncanakan dengan baik sehingga pekerjaan-dalamproses dapat dipertahankan pada tingkat minimal. Perencanaan produksi dilakukan oleh Teori Kendala yang terdiri dari 5 langkah. Pada tahap identifikasi kendala, kapasitas yang tersedia dan kapasitas yang dibutuhkan dihitung berdasarkan teknik Perencanaan Kapasitas yang Dipotong RCCP dengan Bill of Labor Approach (BOLA). Setelah itu, eksploitasi kendala, subordinasi, dan elevasi kendala dilakukan. Penerapan Teori Kendala menghasilkan perforasi stasiun sebagai stasiun bottleneck, di mana persyaratan kapasitas mencapai 110% hingga 145% dari kapasitas yang tersedia. Oleh karena itu, peningkatan dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas yang tersedia di stasiun Perforasi dengan menambahkan shift pada hari tertentu. Jumlah shift tambahan tertinggi terjadi pada Agustus di 24 shift. Selanjutnya, waktu kerja di stasiun lain juga disesuaikan. Pengurangan shift diterapkan dengan 2 pendekatan. Pertama, jika pengurangan shift menyebabkan total shift lebih kecil dari jumlah hari dalam sebulan, maka shift tersebut digunakan sesuai dengan jumlah hari dalam 1 bulan. Kedua, ketika pengurangan shift menghasilkan total shift yang masih lebih besar dari jumlah hari, jumlah shift dapat berbeda pada hari tertentu. Karena penambahan dan pengurangan shift, jumlah operator yang diperlukan juga disesuaikan. Setelah elevasi, tidak ada stasiun bottleneck.   PTFJ manufactures natural plastic bags and colored plastic bags of various sizes. Natural plastic bags are make-to-order while colored plastic bags are make-to-stock. The production process consists of 5 stages, namely Mixing, Blowing, Cutting, Perforation, and Packaging. There are differences in the number of machines, carriers, and shifts in each stage. Due to these differences, production needs to be well planned so that work-in-process can be maintained at a minimal level. Production planning is conducted by Theory of Constraints which consists of 5 steps. At the constraint identification stage, the available capacity and required capacity are calculated based on the Rough Cut Capacity Planning (RCCP) technique with the Bill of Labor Approach (BOLA). Thereafter, constraint exploitation, subordination, and constraint elevation are performed. The implementation of Theory of Constraints results in station Perforation as a bottleneck station, where capacity requirements reach 110% to 145% of the available capacity. Therefore, an elevation is done to increase the capacity available at the Perforation station by adding shifts on a given day. The highest number of additional shifts occurred in August at 24 shifts. Furthermore, working time at other stations is also adjusted. Shift reduction is applied with 2 approaches. First, if the shift reduction causes the total shift to be smaller than the number of days in a month, then the shift is used according to the number of days in 1 month. Second, when the reduction of shift results in a total shift that is still greater than the number of days, the number of shifts can be different on a given day. Because of the addition and subtraction of shifts, the number of required operators is also adjusted. After the elevation, there is no bottleneck station.

Author(s):  
Masoud Rabbani ◽  
Sara Motevali Haghighi ◽  
Hamed Farrokhi-Asl ◽  
Neda Manavizadeh

One of the most attracting production systems that has recently been vastly explored by practitioners and academicians is hybrid make-to-stock/make-to-order. Having a hierarchical production planning structure considered, this paper develops a multi-stage model to cope with the operational decisions, including order acceptance/rejection, product lot sizing, overtime capacity planning, outsourcing, and due date setting. Moreover, the proposed framework also comprises providing alternative products for the coming orders in order to enhance service level of the firm to the customers. In order to validate the presented framework, it is applied in a real industrial case study and the obtained results approve validity of the proposed framework. 


2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-254
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saeed ◽  
Samiya Loya ◽  
Adil Loya

AbstractThe decoupling point separates part of the supply chain oriented towards customer orders from the part based on forecast planning. This paper focuses on identification of bottlenecks and their positioning with respect to customer order decoupling point (CODP) in supply chain continuum. The research is based on a conceptual model that separates engineer to order (ETO), make to order (MTO), assemble to order (ATO) and make to stock (MTS) by a decoupling point. The important feature of this paper is that supply, demand and operational constraints are allocated in specific part of the supply chain, making it more versatile. Shifting bottleneck concepts, including impact of bottleneck position and issues concerning production and capacity planning, are studied extensively to stabilize the supply chain and reduce its complexity.


2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 2230-2236
Author(s):  
Ya Rong Chen ◽  
Hong Ming Zhou ◽  
Zai Lin Guan ◽  
Xin Yu Shao

In the mixed-production context of make-to-stock (MTS) and make-to-order (MTO), the manufacturing system becomes more complex for comprehensive balance of multiple objectives, including resource utilization, work in process (WIP), on-time delivery and throughput. To deal with this complexity, a dynamic production plannning and control (PPC) model with the hybrid of workload control (WLC) and theory of constraint (TOC) is presented. While the proposed three-tiered hierarchy construction model is relatively similar to WLC model, but the way in which the workloads are controled has changed dramatically. The order acceptance deals with issues of order review and delivery setting in order to balance the overall resource capacity and requirements that is necessary for on-time delivery. The order release deals with issues of release mechanisms and rules in order to control the flow of work to the production floor that is necessary for WIP and resource utilization.And the scheduling deals with issues of bottleneck identicification and task sequencing in order to protect the bottleneck capacity that is necessary for throughput.


2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-344
Author(s):  
Cassiano Daniel Bridi ◽  
Carlos Alberto Costa ◽  
Zaida Cristiane Dos Reis

A escolha por uma técnica de Planejamento e Controle da Produção (PCP) alinhada e adequada com o cenário de ambiente de produção de uma empresa é considerado um fator crucial para a sua estratégia. Tal escolha poderá refletir na forma como a empresa gerencia seus prazos, estoques e, consequentemente, seus custos. Este estudo propõe um instrumento para avaliação da aderência entre o foco e as práticas de PCP em empresas. Foram considerados dentro do escopo do trabalho seis técnicas de PCP dentro de quatro ambientes de produção: Assemble To Order, Make To Stock, Engineer To Order e Make To Order. As técnicas selecionadas foram baseadas no trabalho de Stevenson, Hendry e Kingsman (2005) sendo três clássicas – Material Requirements Planning, Drum Buffer Rope e Kanban e três emergentes – Constant Work in Process, Workload Control e Paired cell Overlapping Loops of Cards with Authorization. Foram consideradas duas diferentes perspectivas dentro de uma empresa: a de gestão e a de operação, para a análise, com questões abordando as relações entre as técnicas e os ambientes de produção. O instrumento de pesquisa foi elaborado com base em parâmetros sensíveis, em maior ou menor grau, à utilização de cada uma das técnicas em cada empresa. Um estudo de caso múltiplo com oito empresas do segmento metalmecânico alinhadas com os quatro ambientes de produção e localizadas na Serra Gaúcha foi realizado. Foram entrevistados gestores, que estabeleceram o foco do PCP em cada empresa, e especialistas de PCP e operação, que informaram as práticas do ambiente de produção. O uso do instrumento de pesquisa se mostrou adequado, tornando possível captar a essência das atividades de PCP da empresa. Os resultados mostram que algumas técnicas possuem maior compatibilidade com determinados ambientes de produção, enquanto outras ainda merecem um ajuste mais fino.


OPSI ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Hera Rianti ◽  
Laila Nafisah ◽  
Eko Nursubiyantoro

CV Putra Kilau Lampuan adalah erusahaan percetakan yang memproduksi buku, majalah, packaging, dan undangan.  Sistem produksi yang diterapkan berbasis Make To Order (MTO) dengan pola aliran proses produksi bersifat flow shop.  Perusahaan dihadapkan pada kendala banyaknya Work In Process (WIP) dengan kapasitas stasiun kerja yang terbatas, sehingga dapat menghambat aliran produksi dan waktu penyelesaian menjadi besar.  Penelitian menggunakan metode penjadwalan drum buffer rope dengan konsep pendekatan Theory of Constraints (TOC) yang berfokus kepada pemanfaatan stasiun kerja bottleneck.  Penjadwalan dimulai dari stasiun kerja bottleneck, kemudian baru dilakukan pada stasiun kerja non bottleneck. Penjadwalan pada stasiun kerja non bottleneck sebelum stasiun kerja bottleneck dilakukan secara backward, sedangkan stasiun kerja non bottleneck setelah stasiun kerja bottleneck dilakukan secara forward.  Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu diperoleh stasiun kerja penyusunan kertas isi (SK 10) terjadi bottleneck. Penjadwalan produksi berdasarkan stasiun kerja bottleneck menghasilkan urutan order dari stasiun kerja 1 sampai stasiun kerja 13 dengan makespan sebesar 26,215 hari. Makespan tersebut lebih singkat dibandingkan dengan makespan perusahaan yang besarnya 30,041 hari.


OR Spectrum ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo J. B. F. Adan ◽  
Jan van der Wal
Keyword(s):  

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Shohei Kanda ◽  
Katsuhiko Takahashi ◽  
Katsumi Morikawa

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