scholarly journals Oral Traditions: An Analysis of Story Telling and Performance in Paule Marshall’s Praisesong for the Widow

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhanashree Thorat ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Story Telling ◽  
The Face ◽  
Critical Understanding ◽  
And Performance

Dorothy Noyes, in her essay "Tradition: Three Traditions," notes that the word "tradition" implies "handing over" or "delivery" (Noyes 233). Furthermore, tradition is identified as a communal belonging that involves "the transfer of responsibility for a valued practice or performance" from one generation to the next (233). This essay will apply the characteristics and role of "tradition," outlined by Noyes and others, to develop a critical understanding of two acts of oral tradition pivotal to the spiritual transformation of Avey Johnson, the protagonist of Paule Marshall's Praisesong for the Widow. These two interconnected acts, the story of Ibo Landing and the ritual of Beg Pardon, are instances of oral memory that are shared and transmitted between peers and to future generations through story telling and performance. Among other purposes, the oral traditions in Praisesong for the Widow give Avey a sense of belonging to the African diasporic and African American community, help her recreate and reclaim her cultural heritage, and finally, preserve the experiences of the enslaved Africans and their descendants in North America. In the novel, Marshall also sounds a warning to her readers about the need for vigilance in protecting oral traditions in the face of materialism.

Preserving Integrity in the Face of Performance Threat

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1455-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Legault ◽  
Timour Al-Khindi ◽  
Michael Inzlicht
Keyword(s):  
Error Detection ◽  
Error Monitoring ◽  
Error Related Negativity ◽  
Threatening Information ◽  
Electrophysiological Responses ◽  
The Face ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Self-affirmation produces large effects: Even a simple reminder of one’s core values reduces defensiveness against threatening information. But how, exactly, does self-affirmation work? We explored this question by examining the impact of self-affirmation on neurophysiological responses to threatening events. We hypothesized that because self-affirmation increases openness to threat and enhances approachability of unfavorable feedback, it should augment attention and emotional receptivity to performance errors. We further hypothesized that this augmentation could be assessed directly, at the level of the brain. We measured self-affirmed and nonaffirmed participants’ electrophysiological responses to making errors on a task. As we anticipated, self-affirmation elicited greater error responsiveness than did nonaffirmation, as indexed by the error-related negativity, a neural signal of error monitoring. Self-affirmed participants also performed better on the task than did nonaffirmed participants. We offer novel brain evidence that self-affirmation increases openness to threat and discuss the role of error detection in the link between self-affirmation and performance.

THE MODERATING ROLE OF CREATIVITY IN THE RELATION BETWEEN COLLABORATION AND PERFORMANCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (06) ◽  
pp. 2050051
Author(s):  
SERJE SCHMIDT ◽  
DUSAN SCHREIBER ◽  
CRISTIANO MAX PEREIRA PINHEIRO ◽  
MARIA CRISTINA BOHNENBERGER
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Performance Factors ◽  
The Face ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Collaborative Efforts ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Collaboration Strategies

Within the dynamic environment of the recent creative industries, collaboration performs a central role. The literature has consistently explored the interaction between creative professionals with three types of actors: (1) the clients or public; (2) co-workers and; (3) business agents. The relative importance of each actor in the face of creative activities, however, remains theoretically fragmented and empirically under-researched. Therefore, this study aims to address the following question: what is the role of creativity in the relation between the type of partner to which the collaborative efforts are directed and the performance factors? To answer that question, a quantitative study comparing university students in more creative-intensive and less creative-intensive occupations was performed. An exploratory structural equations modelling (SEM) was developed for that purpose. Performance factors of both groups seem to follow similar priorities. Their collaborative efforts, however, show different patterns, supporting the conclusion that creativity is indeed related to different collaboration strategies. Although collaboration with co-workers seems to be developed similarly between more creative and less creative professionals, that with clients and business agents showed different results.

scholarly journals Speaking Stones: Oral Tradition as Provenance for the Memorial Stelae in Gujarat

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1085-1096
Author(s):  
Durga Kale
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
The State ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
Western India ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Museum Displays ◽  
Anthropological Fieldwork ◽  
Rich Material

Anthropological fieldwork in rural settlements on the west coast of India has unraveled the close connection between lived experiences, spaces and objects. These “inalienable possessions”, in the words of Annette Weiner, help reconstruct the past through the supplementation of oral traditions. Following this vein, the paper attempts to mesh together the material culture and oral histories to establish the provenance for the plethora of memorials in the state of Gujarat. A series of oral narratives collected in Western India since 2014 has highlighted the role of medieval memorial stelae that commemorate the deceased heroes of war and their wives and companions. This paper creates a niche for the Gujarati oral tradition as provenance for the continued veneration of these memorials. Field observations from 2014–2016 and notes from research in Gujarat from 1985 onwards enabled the study of patterns in the oral preservation of literature. A systematic documentation of the existing stelae and associated oral traditions has informed the views in this paper. The paper speaks to all levels of interaction and the making of an identity for the memorial stones that are unique to the state of Gujarat. A case for the inclusion of such rich material in museum displays is made in connection with this case study of the memorial stelae in Gujarat.

Oral Traditions as Sources

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Belcher
Keyword(s):  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
African History ◽  
The Face ◽  
Traditional Societies ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
African Intellectuals ◽  
Oral Information ◽  
Creative Endeavor

The use of oral tradition is a distinctive and essential element in many fields of African studies. History must acknowledge it; literature sees it as the medium for much of the indigenous creative endeavor across African cultures; anthropology and its cousin disciplines rely upon oral information for their understanding of traditional societies. An appreciation of the value of the oral tradition as a source across disciplines involves two efforts: first, a survey of the reported oral tradition as available and documented in past periods, and second, a review of the principles and practices involved in the collection, analysis, and presentation of the oral tradition. The paucity of written records has been grounds for dismissal of the notion of African history—most notoriously in the case of Hegel, who in ignorance wrote off the home of the human species—and more recently a cause of pride among African intellectuals who have asserted the value of the oral tradition in the face of skepticism rooted in prejudice and too often in overt racism. An appreciation of the value of the oral tradition threads its path between extremes and occasional controversy. The era of the smartphone has made the documentation (and creation) of oral tradition almost too easy. Past generations made do in different ways. Their reports should not be dismissed, but studied; they are the available background to information collected in the modern era. Accurate collection and critical analysis are the essential tools for the understanding of oral tradition.

scholarly journals The Role of Jambi Malay Traditional Institutions in the Seloko Oral Traditions of the Jambi Culture in Maintaining the Advancement of Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 570-576
Author(s):  
Muhammad Dwi Kurniadi ◽  
Zulkarnain Zulkarnain
Keyword(s):  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Problem Formulation ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Traditional Institutions

The purpose of writing this scientific article is to gain an understanding of the oral tradition of the Javanese traditional seloko adat used in Javanese Malay weddings, whose problem formulation includes: (1) What is the oral tradition? (2) What is Jambi adat seloko? (3) How are the efforts of the Jambi provincial customary institutions to maintain the advancement of culture? To answer these three problems the writer used a qualitative approach with the literature study method that collected several articles from previous research and conducted interviews with several cultural figures in Jambi Province. From this research, it was found that one of the 10 elements of culture, namely the oral tradition, is found in Jambi under the name Seloko where it is an oral tradition that contains advice, guidelines for life.

scholarly journals The effect of encounter in the experimental novel : (A stylistic study in Jamal Al- Ghitani’s Tajalliyat novel): أثرُ التقابل في الرواية التجريبية (دراسة أسلوبية في رواية التجليات لجمال الغيطاني)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-22
Author(s):  
Bassam Khaled Al- Shawi, Zainab Walid Hayek Bassam Khaled Al- Shawi, Zainab Walid Hayek
Keyword(s):  
Mystical Experience ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Face ◽  
Experimental Novel

The point of the analysis that the researcher intends to study the effect of convergence in the novel (Al- Tajjayat) as an experimental novel that relied on the amazing Sufi experience is to reveal the style of Jamal Al- Ghitani from the face that distinguishes him from others. Correspondence, during the analysis of samples of the texts of the novel, and after the research examined the contrast in the main elements of the novel (the narrator's discourse, characters, and time It was found that correspondence in (Al- Tajjayat) is one of the components of style in building the miraculous world in this novel, and its effectiveness in producing meaning, and highlighting the mystical experience, so that this stylistic component contributes to the transition from the eloquence of the sentence to the eloquence of the text. At the end of the research, the researcher recommended studying other exquisite components in the novel (Al- Tajjayat) to reveal the role of exquisite composition in the construction of the method in this novel.

Halal logistics: practices, integration and performance of logistics service providers

2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noorliza Karia
Keyword(s):  
Value Creation ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Logistics Service ◽  
Logistics Service Providers ◽  
And Performance

Purpose This paper aims to examine the halal value creation in halal logistics practices and halal logistics integration in delivering halal products and/or services by investigating the effects of halal logistics practices on halal logistics performance and the role of halal logistics integration as a mediator. Design/methodology/approach Partial least square is performed on a survey data of 129 Malaysian logistics service providers. Findings The novel findings affirm that halal logistics practices comprising of physical segregation of halal products from non-halal in halal warehousing, halal transportation and halal terminal positively affect halal logistics performance. The most novel finding is that halal logistics integration positively affect halal logistics performance and mediate, significantly the relationship between halal warehousing and halal transportation and halal logistics performance. Practical implications Managers/logisticians should aware that halal value creation in halal logistics practices have a positive effect on halal logistics performance and they should appreciate halal logistics practices and halal logistics integration to realize a better halal logistics performance towards halal logistics implementation. Originality/value The results draw the novel contributions of halal logistics practices and mediating effects of halal logistics integration between halal logistics practices and halal logistics performance that have never been published.

Oral Sources on Links Between Great States: Sumanguru, Servile Lineage, the Jariso, and Kaniaga

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 35-55
Author(s):  
David C. Conrad
Keyword(s):  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Historical Information ◽  
The Face ◽  
Historical Basis ◽  
Source Of Information

Qui est capable, hors Dieu, de scruter le passé?Some scholars interested in ancient Ghana and Mali dare to sift relevant oral traditions of the Western Sudan in search of historical evidence, while others express doubts that these sources can contain any information of value to historians. A period markedly affected by this question is that which saw the disintegration of Ghana and the rise of Mali in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Despite historians' general acknowledgement of the pitfalls accompanying the use of oral tradition as a source of information, much of what we know, or would like to think we know about this era, has been drawn from the legend of Wagadu and from the Sunjata epic.Clearly a large part of the material in these oral traditions is composed of the stuff of myth and folktale, and on the face of it the prospect of trying to glean historical information from them is not an encouraging one. But woven into the patchwork fabric of these narratives are infrequent threads bearing diminishing echoes of people and events of the distant past. Vague, inaccurate, and potentially misleading as they must be, these archaic fragments nevertheless merit whatever attention is necessary to interpret their significance, in the hope that they might yield some useful historical insights.Any pretensions to historicity in the Wagadu tradition and in the Sunjata epic may be open to question because there is so little that can be verified. While the mythical quality of some elements in the texts is obvious, there are others that could have a historical basis but cannot be independently confirmed. The material consulted here is approached with the attitude that, given the rarity of firmly documented sources, historians cannot afford to ignore the possibility that there is some information worth distilling from the oral accounts of ancient Mali and the related Soninke era that preceded it.

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