scholarly journals Since the Protests of 1968, Making Universal Rights as the Philosophical Foundation of Alternative Citizenship

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (null) ◽  
pp. 64-113
Author(s):  
Chang, Hyeokjune
Keyword(s):  
Philosophical Foundation

Immanuel Kant

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Brophy
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
State Of Exception ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Industrial Capitalism ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Philosophical Foundation ◽  
Advanced Capitalism ◽  
Moral Feeling ◽  
Transcendental Idealist

Agamben’s complicated engagement with Immanuel Kant celebrates the brilliance of the German idealist’s thought by disclosing its condemnatory weight in Western philosophy. Kant was writing in the midst of burgeoning industrial capitalism, when each new scientific discovery seemed to push back the fog of religion in favour of science and reason; meanwhile Agamben’s work develops in concert with the crises of advanced capitalism and borrows significantly from those philosophers who endured the most demoralising upheavals of the first half of the twentieth century. Whatever lanugo Kant was eager for us to shed in the name of individual freedom,1 Agamben sees in this crusade for civic maturity a surprising prescience: ‘[I]t is truly astounding how Kant, almost two centuries ago and under the heading of a sublime “moral feeling,” was able to describe the very condition that was to become familiar to the mass societies and great totalitarian states of our time’ (HS 52). To a remarkable extent, Agamben finds that Kant’s transcendental idealist frame of thought lays the philosophical foundation for the state of exception.

Knowing as being: Psychology, limits to knowledge, and an ethics of solidarity

2020 ◽  
pp. 095935432097870
Author(s):  
Peiwei Li
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Zen Buddhism ◽  
Philosophical Foundation ◽  
Moral Relevance ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Buddhist Practice ◽  
Science Building ◽  
Critical Science ◽  
Zen Buddhist

Critical epistemological reflection facilitates disciplinary self-reflection, and yet the limitation of this practice needs to examined. This article explores the possibility of a praxis-oriented philosophical foundation for psychology through investigating the limits to knowledge. Integrating insights from critical communicative pragmatist perspectives and Zen Buddhism, this paper outlines what constitutes limits to knowledge and contests the boundary of epistemology, in relation to psychology as a natural science, social science, and critical science. Building upon this deconstruction/reconstruction, Zen Buddhist practice is drawn upon to further illuminate the potential to center psychology through the praxis of knowing as being, which is nontotalizing and always open to uncertainty and fallibility. My key argument is that any notion of epistemology is inadequate when divorced from its intra-connection to being and practice that have inherent ethical and moral relevance. This necessitates deferring philosophizing to a constant and endless practice that upholds an ethics of solidarity.

scholarly journals Sartres Lösung zur Antinomie der sozialen Realität in der Kritik der dialektischen Vernunft

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 817-847
Author(s):  
Sebastian Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Theory ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Social Ontology ◽  
Human Freedom ◽  
Philosophical Foundation ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Dialectical Reason ◽  
The Individual

AbstractCritics have standardly regarded Sartre’s Critique of Dialectical Reason as an abortive attempt to overcome the subjectivist individualism of his early philosophy, motivated by a recognition that Being and Nothingness lacks ethical and political significance, but derailed by Sartre’s Marxism. In this paper I offer an interpretation of the Critique which, if correct, shows it to offer a coherent and highly original account of social and political reality, which merits attention both in its own right and as a reconstruction of the philosophical foundation of Marxism. The key to Sartre’s theory of collective and historical existence in the Critique is a thesis carried over from Being and Nothingness: intersubjectivity on Sartre’s account is inherently aporetic, and social ontology reproduces in magnified form its limited intelligibility, lack of transparency, and necessary frustration of the demands of freedom. Sartre’s further conjecture – which can be formulated a priori but requires a posteriori verification – is that man’s collective historical existence may be understood as the means by which the antinomy within human freedom, insoluble at the level of the individual, is finally overcome. The Critique provides therefore the ethical theory promised in Being and Nothingness.

The Primary/Secondary Quality Distinction: Berkeley, Locke, and the Foundations of Corpuscularian Science

Dialogue ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold I. Davidson ◽  
Norbert Hornstein
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Theory ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Philosophical Foundation ◽  
Epistemological Foundation ◽  
Secondary Quality ◽  
Quality Distinction ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Scientific Hypotheses

Recent interpretations of Locke's primary/secondary quality distinction have tended to emphasize Locke's relationship to the corpuscularian science of his time, especially to that of Boyle. Although this trend may have corrected the unfortunate tendency to view Locke in isolation from his scientific contemporaries, it nevertheless has resulted in some over- simplifications and distortions of Locke's general enterprise. As everyone now agrees, Locke was attempting to provide a philosophical foundation for English corpuscularianism and one must therefore look not only at the current scientific hypotheses but also at the nature of the philosophical foundation Locke was attempting to erect. In particular, Locke made an attempt, based on epistemological principles, to give a philosophical justification of atomistic corpuscularianism. Moreover, he was not content to give this justification post hoc—the epistemological foundation was prior to, and determined the framework for, the details of the correct scientific theory. Locke's epistemology made legitimate an atomistic theory, one making crucial use of the notion of solidity in the definition of the elementary particles, although it did not prejudge the details of this theory.

PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF "RESPONSIBILITY FOR PROTECTION" ("R2P") IN SHAPING CONTEMPORARY SECURITY

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-46
Author(s):  
Janusz ŚWINIARSKI
Keyword(s):  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Philosophical Foundation

Opracowanie prezentuje filozoficzne umocowanie zasady „odpowiedzialności za ochronę” określanej w literaturze i współczesnej refleksji angielskim określeniem responsibility to protect lub „RtoP”, albo „R2P”. Ten nowy problem aksjologiczny, skłaniający do wyróżnienia, obok tradycyjnego już prawa do wojny (ius ad bellum) wskazującego „sprawiedliwe jej przyczyny”, prawa wojennego i humanitarnego (ius in bello) określającego dopuszczalne sposoby jej prowadzenia, (ius post bellum) wskazującego na „sprawiedliwe” jej kończenie, także nowego prawa i zwyczaju międzynarodowego, a mianowicie prawa do antywojny (w pojęciu Tofflerowskim) lub „wojny uprzedzającej”. Podstawy tego prawa do antywojny czy też odpowiedzialnej ochrony, prewencji lub interwencji stara się budować doktryna Responsibility to Protect. Doktryna opracowana w roku 2001, przedstawiona przez Komisję Interwencji i Suwerenności Państw (ICISS) – powołaną przez rząd kanadyjski w sprawie reagowania na masowe naruszenia praw człowieka i rozprzestrzenianie się tzw. konfliktów niestrukturalizowanych, jest w formie rozbudowanej obecną doktryną ONZ. Zdaniem autora w zasadzie „odpowiedzialności za interwencję” („R2P”) znaleźć można reperkusje starych unormowań prawa do wojny, prawa w wojnie i prawa po wojnie, a nawet ich nowoczesne ukonkretnienia.

Theorie und Heuristik der individuellen Risikoanalyse

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Simmert
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Philosophical Foundation

The “individuelle Risikoanalyse” is a heuristic for a prognostic risk assessment of individuals. It provides a proceeding for the generation of scientifically founded propositions about the possibility that an individual going to conduct in a specific way. The present treatise includes two parts. The first part comprises the description of the proceeding and explanations in regard to methods and features that are included in the heuristic. The second part demonstrates the theoretic-philosophical foundation of the heuristic. This foundation constitutes the framework due to the methods are successfully intertwine with each other.

Žižek

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-245
Author(s):  
Mike Gane
Keyword(s):  
Philosophical Foundation ◽  
Slavoj Zizek ◽  
Slavoj Žižek ◽  
Intellectual System ◽  
Political Orientations

Abstract Two very substantial new books by Slavoj Žižek were published in early 2020; they are at two different ends of the spectrum that runs from obscure Hegelian-Lacanian philosophical reflections (Sex and the Failed Absolute) to uninhibited short Maoist-Leninist political “interventions” (A Left That Dares to Speak Its Name). Žižek claims to have completed an intellectual system (continuing the idea of earlier essays) that, as a philosophical foundation, currently informs his political writings. The review follows the sexual problematic through Žižek's philosophy (its antihumanist ethical and political orientations) to the politics of “the impossible” act or event.

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