THE INDIGENT POPULATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN

The author of the article analyzes the state of the indigent (poor) population of the Republic of Dagestan. The problem is very urgent in the modern period of crisis in our society due to the fact that poverty is the reason for intensification of social contradictions in it, degradation of the population, and complication of the demographic situation. The author of the article presents statistical data on average per capita income of the population of the Dagestan Republic in 2002 - 2013. Since the interval distribution of incomes does not allow to characterize accurately the number of the indigent part of the population, the distribution of income according to the minimum subsistence level is considered. A significant poverty reduction in the Republic of Dagestan during the period under consideration is shown. Besides, the article presents the median per capita income, which is used in western countries and in some republics of the former Soviet Union to estimate the level of poverty. Depending on 40%, 50%, 60% of the median, like in these countries, the relative number of the indigent population in the Republic of Dagestan and in other regions of the North Caucasian Federal District is determined, which makes it possible to determine the level of extreme poverty in the Republic of Dagestan in 2013. The author shows the ratio of the average wage of 10% of employees with the highest wage to 10% of employees with the lowest wage in the institutions of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the North Caucasian Federal District and comes to the conclusion that in 2013 the poverty level in the region was lower than in the Republic of Dagestan.

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The Social and Economic Aspects of Integrating the Republic of Crimea into the Russian Federation

Sociologicheskaja nauka i social naja praktika ◽

10.19181/snsp.2019.7.4.6799 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 55-68

Author(s):

Tatiana N. Litvinova ◽

Olga V. Vershinina

Keyword(s):

Russian Federation ◽

Capita Income ◽

Online Survey ◽

Economic Aspects ◽

Per Capita Income ◽

The Social ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Per Capita ◽

The Republic ◽

The Impact

The paper examines the social and economic aspects of integrating the Republic of Crimea into the Russian Federation. This study is making a new contribution to sociology, as it brings together social and economic statistics and studies of the population’s perception of the impact that the new region’s integration has had on Russian society (conducted as an online survey). We analyze the population’s quality of life indices: average per capita income, expense structure, and minimum wage. The study allows us to conclude that the region is falling far behind the national average per capita income, as well as the relevant figures in most other regions of the Southern Federal District. In order to provide a counterpoint to these statistics regarding Russians’ opinion on the consequences of the Republic of Crimea joining the country, we conducted a sociological online survey (n=1012) among both Crimean inhabitants and people living elsewhere in Russia. The survey shows that the evaluation of the peninsula’s integration into Russia is mostly positive (72%) and neutral (18%), and that a lot of Russians, even though they may never have even visited Crimea, show great concern regarding the region’s social and economic issues, such as the condition of its infrastructure, local tourism, banking and loan restrictions, etc.

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Pengaruh Belanja Pemerintah Terhadap Pendapatan Perkapita Indonesia

JURNAL EKONOMIKA INDONESIA ◽

10.29103/ekonomika.v9i2.3178 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Jamaludin Jamaludin ◽

Hijri Juliansyah

Keyword(s):

Government Spending ◽

Capita Income ◽

Time Series Data ◽

Health Sector ◽

Series Data ◽

Per Capita Income ◽

Education And Health ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Per Capita ◽

The Republic

This study was conducted to determine the effect of government spending on the education and health sectors on Indonesia's per capita income. The data used in this study are time series data from 1990- 2018 obtained from the website of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia and the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). The data are then analyzed using dynamic analysis of the ARDL model. The results showed that government spending in the education sector had no effect on Indonesia's per capita income for the 1990-2018 period, both in the long and short term. Government spending in the health sector affects Indonesia's per capita income for the 1990-2018 period in the short and long term

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Global literature of fiddler crabs, genus Uca (Decapoda, Ocypodidae): trends and future directions

Iheringia Série Zoologia ◽

10.1590/s0073-47212010000400019 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 100 (4) ◽

pp. 463-468 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

João C. Nabout ◽

Luis M. Bini ◽

José A. F. Diniz-Filho

Keyword(s):

Capita Income ◽

Population Biology ◽

Marine Biology ◽

Fiddler Crab ◽

Information Criterion ◽

Scientometric Analysis ◽

Per Capita Income ◽

North American Continent ◽

The North ◽

Per Capita

Crabs of the genus Uca Leach, 1814 are characterized by having strong sexual dimorphism and a global distribution. Currently, 97 species have been described and analyzed under several aspects, including population ecology, physiology and ethology. However, there is no general summary of the information from the various literatures. The aim of this study is to perform a scientometric analysis of fiddler crab studies. For this we searched papers available in the Thomson ISI database that contained the words "Uca" OR "fiddler* crab*" between the years 1991 and 2007. For each paper, we researched and recorded the following characteristics: publication year; journal of publication; the first author's nationality; the country where the study was conducted; study type; species studied; and the work area. Our results indicated that there was no increase in the number of articles through the years considered. The Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology published most of the articles on Uca, indicating the importance of this group as a model for testing ecological hypotheses using experimental approaches. Our results also showed that United States had the highest number of authors and published studies on Uca, following the overall trend in dominance on scientific research. Furthermore, using models with three variables (per capita income, number of species of Uca and extent of coastal countries) we observed that, according to the Akaike Information Criterion, the per capita income was the most important correlate for the number of articles per country (both the author's country and country of study). Additionally, our results show that the species U. pugilator (distributed on the East Coast of the North American continent) was the species most singularly referenced in the papers considered. Moreover, our results indicate that most studies on Uca use a descriptive and local scale. The majority of papers in our literature search reflect studies in population biology, followed by behavioral and physiological characteristics.

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The Impact of Per Capita Income and Labour Absorption toward Poverty Level in Gorontalo Province

Jambura Equilibrium Journal ◽

10.37479/jej.v2i1.4496 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nelvi Oktaviani R Gobel ◽

Sri Endang Saleh

Keyword(s):

Capita Income ◽

Time Series Data ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Series Data ◽

Per Capita Income ◽

Poverty Level ◽

Per Capita ◽

The Impact ◽

Labour Absorption

This research aims to investigate the impact of per capita income and labour absorption toward poverty level in Gorontalo Province during 2012-2017. This research uses time-series data model from secondary datasets that is obtained from Central Statistics Bureau (Badan Pusat Statistik, BPS). Main findings of this research shows that per capita income has negative impact on poverty level in Gorontalo province while labour absorption has positive impact on poverty level in Gorontalo Province. Keywords: Poverty; Per Capita Income; Labor Absorption

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Analisis pengaruh pendapatan perkapita dan belanja modal terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Pulau Sumatera

e-Jurnal Perspektif Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Daerah ◽

10.22437/pdpd.v8i3.7351 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 135-148

Author(s):

Wenny Tri Septiani ◽

Zamzami Zamzami ◽

Candra Mustika

Keyword(s):

Panel Data ◽

Capita Income ◽

Capital Expenditure ◽

Analysis Tool ◽

Per Capita Income ◽

Poverty Level ◽

Panel Data Regression ◽

Data Regression ◽

Per Capita ◽

Poverty Levels

This study aims to: 1) To analyze and determine the development of per capita income, capital expenditure, and poverty levels on the island of Sumatra. 2) To analyze and determine the effect of per capita income and capital expenditure on poverty levels in Sumatra Island. The research analysis tool used panel data regression analysis tools. Based on the results of panel data regression, it can be concluded that per capita income and capital expenditure on the poverty level together have a significant effect. Whereas partially only the per capita income variable had a significant and negative effect on the poverty level, while capital expenditure had no significant and positive effect on the poverty level. Keywords: Poverty rate, Per capita income, Capital expenditures

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Obesity and Places Where People Living in Sao Paulo City, Brazil

10.21203/rs.3.rs-17052/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

João Paulo dos Anjos Souza Barbosa Barbosa ◽

Breno Souza Aguiar ◽

Marcelo Antunes Failla ◽

Ligia Vizeu Barrozo ◽

Regina Mara Fisberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Built Environment ◽

Body Mass ◽

Capita Income ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

High Income ◽

São Paulo ◽

Per Capita Income ◽

The North ◽

Per Capita

Abstract Background The built environment characteristics and urban form can influence health outcomes like obesity in people living in high-income countries. However, there are few studies in megacities from middle-high income countries like Brazil in which the built environment has been modified and obesity has been growing slightly. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: 1) to describe the body mass index (BMI) and obesity in different health administrative areas in Sao Paulo; 2) to investigate the association between BMI and obesity with the places where people lived according to social and demographics variables, health variables, built environment, and family per capita income. Methods This was a cross-sectional study that used the Sao Paulo Health Survey dataset (2015) with 3,145 individuals (18 years or older). The weight and height were self-reported and was calculated the BMI. Residential locations were geocoded, types and the mix of destinations were calculated in 500m buffers. We used multilevel models to examine the association between BMI and obesity with the places where the people lived. Results The Midwest region showed the highest mean of the mix of destinations than other areas and the lowest prevalence of overweight and obesity. The BMI was higher for people that lived in North, Southeast, South, and East than Midwest after adjusted. Individuals that lived in North (OR=1.69 CI95% 1.18-2.43) and Southeast (OR=1.66 CI 95%1.17-2.37) had increased the likelihood for obesity compared with Midwest after adjusted by social and demographic variables, physical activity level, mix of destinations, and family per capita income. Conclusion This study found that individuals that lived in the North, Southeast, South, and East had higher BMI than people who lived in Midwest, and people that lived in the North and Southeast had increased the likelihood of obesity compared with the Midwest area. The place where people living can influence BMI and obesity in megacities like Sao Paulo, Brazil. Key words: Body Mass Index, Obesity, Built Environment, Multilevel analysis.

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The Italian Economy Before Unification, 1300–1861

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Economics and Finance ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780190625979.013.536 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Paolo Malanima

Keyword(s):

Middle Ages ◽

Capita Income ◽

Living Standards ◽

Central Position ◽

Per Capita Income ◽

Real Wages ◽

Italian Economy ◽

The North ◽

Mediterranean Countries ◽

Per Capita

Italy played a central role in the Euro-Mediterranean economy during Antiquity, the late Middle Ages, and the Renaissance. Until the end of the 16th century, the Italian economy was relatively advanced compared with those of the Western European and Mediterranean countries. From the 17th century until the end of the 19th, GDP rose as the population increased. Yet per capita income slowly diminished together with real wages, urbanization, and living standards. Italy lost its central position in the Euro-Mediterranean world and, until the end of the 19th century, was a relatively backward area on the periphery of the most dynamic countries in the north and center of Europe. The Italian premodern economy represents a classic example of extensive growth or GDP growth without improvement in per capita income and living standards.

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DAMPAK HUTAN KEMASYARAKATAN TERHADAP PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN RUMAHTANGGA SEKITAR HUTAN DI KECAMATAN BATUKLIANG UTARA KABUPATEN LOMBOK TENGAH

JURNAL AGRIMANSION ◽

10.29303/agrimansion.v20i1.259 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 19-30

Author(s):

Addinul Yakin ◽

Sukardi Malik ◽

Muhammad Yusuf ◽

Syarif Husni

Keyword(s):

World Bank ◽

Household Income ◽

Capita Income ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Per Capita Income ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

The North ◽

The World Bank ◽

The World ◽

Per Capita

ABSTRAK Kawasan pegunungan Rinjani, khususnya resort Setiling Batukliang Utara Kabupaten Lombok Tengah memiliki fungsi biologi, ekologis, dan estetika serta sosial-ekonomi bagi masyarakat sekitar hutan. Deforestrasi sering dikaitkan dengan tingkat kemiskinan masyarakat sekitar hutan, sehingga dengan diberikannya Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKm) di wilayah tersebut dapat meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat dan menekan kemiskinan. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif-eksploratif-partisipatif dengan mengkombinasikan studi dokumen, wawancara terstruktur, indepth interview, serta diskusi kelompok terarah (FGD) terbatas. Penelitian dilakukan desa Aik Berik dan Desa Setiling dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 40 orang, dengan juga melibatkan tokoh masyarakat di wilayah tersebut. Data yang telah dikumpulkan dianalisa secara deskriptif analisis pendapatan rumahtangga dan pendapatan per kapita yang kemudian digunakan untuk menganalisis tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat berdasarkan tiga standar yang berbeda, yaitu Sajogyo, BPS, dan Bank Dunia. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa: 1) rata-rata total pendapatan rumahtangga masyarakat sekitar hutan mencapai Rp. 20.057.950 yang terdiri dari Rp. 13.597.950 (67,79%) dari sektor pertanian dan Rp. 6.460.000 (32,21%) dari sektor non pertanian dengan pendapatan per kapita sebesar Rp. 4.667.549,- per tahun; 2) berdasarkan kriteria BPS, masyarakat sekitar hutan di kecamatan Batukliang Utara masuk kategori tidak miskin, selanjutnya berdasarkan kriteria Sayogyo menghasilkan kategori hampir miskin, dan Kriteria bank Dunia manghasilkan kategori miskin, sehingga ketiganya memberikan tingkat kesejahteraan yang relatif berbeda; 3) Adanya Hkm telah mampu meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat sekitar hutan karena mampu meningkatkan pendapatan per kapita masyarakat sebesar 22,18 persen dan telah mampu mengentaskan kemiskinan 7,5 sampai 22,5 persen. Oleh karena itu disarankan agar perbaikan ekonomi masyarakat sekitar hutan harus dipercepat melalui pola pembinaan dan pengembangan pada bidang-bidang usaha yang menjadi kekuatan utama mereka yaitu kehutanan, peternakan, dan perkebunan serta juga mendorong peningkatan kegiatan perdagangan dan ekonomi produktif skala rumahtangga. ABSTRACT The Rinjani mountain region, especially the North Batukliang Setiling resort of Central Lombok district holds functions biological, ecological, and aesthetical and socio-economic functions for the community near the forest. Deforestation is often associated with the level of poverty of the community near the forest, so that introduction of the Community Forest (HKm) in the region may increase people's income and reduce poverty. This research has been carried out using a descriptive-exploratory-participatory method by combining document studies, structured interviews, in-depth interviews, and limited focus group discussions. The research was conducted at the villages of Aik Berik and Setiling with 40 respondents, as well as community leaders in the area. The collected data was analyzed descriptively by analysis of household income and per capita income which was then used to analyze the level of community welfare based on three different standards, namely Sajogyo, BPS, and the World Bank. The results of the study show that: 1) the average total household income of the community near the forest reaches Rp. 20,057,950 consisting of Rp. 13,597,950 (67.79%) from the agricultural sector and Rp. 6,460,000 (32.21%) from the non-agricultural sector with a per capita income of Rp. 4,667,549, - per year; 2) based on BPS criteria, the community around the forest in the North Batukliang sub-district is categorized as not poor, then based on the Sayogyo criteria produces an almost poor category, and the World Bank Criteria produce a poor category, so the three provide relatively different levels of welfare; 3) The presence of Hkm has been able to improve the welfare of the community near the forest because it is able to increase the per capita income of the community by 22.18 percent and has been able to alleviate poverty 7.5 to 22.5 percent. Therefore, it is suggested that the economic improvement of the community near the forest should be accelerated through policy interventions in business sectors which are on their main strengths, namely forestry, livestock, and plantations, as well as in non agricutural sector such as trade and other economic activities (such as home agroindustry).

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Differentiation of the standard of living and the structure of poverty in the depressed region

The Eurasian Scientific Journal ◽

10.15862/20ecvn620 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Raisa Belaya ◽

Galina Kozyreva

Keyword(s):

Capita Income ◽

Subjective Assessment ◽

Standard Of Living ◽

Per Capita Income ◽

Living Wages ◽

Subsistence Minimum ◽

The Social ◽

Poor Families ◽

Per Capita ◽

The Republic

The article is devoted to the problems of assessing the poverty level of families in the Republic of Karelia, which currently has the highest share of the poor in the total income structure of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation. This circumstance dictates to the regional authorities a new social agenda aimed at combating poverty, for the successful implementation of which actual methodological approaches to measuring its real level are required. Using the accepted methodology for calculating poverty in comparison with one subsistence minimum, the authors defined this calculation as an estimate of material poverty. And they introduced an additional characteristic of poverty in comparison with the size of per capita income from one to two living wages and defined it as social poverty. The authors suggested that currently the poverty estimate associated with one living wage does not reflect the degree of the difficult financial situation of families and needs additional clarification. Socially poor families do not have the opportunity to meet the urgent needs related to the social development of the family. In the article, the authors used the concept of “socially unprotected families”, meaning both financially poor and socially poor families, that is, all those families whose per capita income is less than two subsistence minimum. When analyzing the level of poverty, the authors used indicators: the level of consumption, expenditure on food and a subjective assessment of the standard of living of the family. The performed analysis allowed the authors to assess and reveal the characteristics of poverty in the Republic of Karelia. The authors revealed that 67.2 % of families are socially unprotected, with 17.1 % of families being financially poor, 50.1 % socially poor. The presence of a second and subsequent children is a strong factor contributing to families falling below the poverty line: among families with two children, 81.4 % are socially unprotected, 32.0 % are financially poor, 49.4 % are socially poor. Among families with one child, the level of material poverty is two times lower and amounts to 14.9 %. The authors revealed the differentiation of real incomes of families. There is only enough money to buy food from 20.9 % of families. Among families with one child, 16.7 % are in this situation, among families with two or more children – 29.3 %. The article focuses on the low standard of living of the population of the Republic of Karelia associated with family spending on food: half of families spend more than 60 % of their family budget on food. The authors analyzed the subjective assessment of the standard of living of families in three positions: the pauper, the poor and people of average income and compared the results with the social protection of families. Among the families identifying themselves as “pauper”, the dominant family is materially poor, whose share is 81.3 %. Among those positioning themselves as “poor,” socially poor families dominate, their share being 62.0 %. In the group of families who consider themselves to be “people of average income”, more than half (50.2 %) are families with a per capita income exceeding two subsistence minimum. The results of the study showed that such a phenomenon as poverty is typical not only for families with a per capita income below one living wage (materially poor families), but also for families whose per capita income does not exceed two living wages (socially poor families). The authors' hypothesis about the social insecurity of not only materially poor, but also socially poor families was confirmed. In this regard, the authors consider it true to talk about the existence of such a phenomenon as social poverty. Families with per capita incomes from one to two living wages are not included in the attention of the state, although social assistance is extremely important for them, especially for families with minor children.

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