scholarly journals Activities of the Armed Forces of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia: Experience for Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 162-169
Author(s):  
V. V. Chumak
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Territorial Integrity ◽  
The North ◽  
Executive Authority ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Integrated Leadership ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Baltic

The current state of activity of the Armed Forces of the Baltic States such as Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia has been studied. The experience of the Armed Forces of these countries in ensuring collective defense, security and peace in accordance with NATO standards has been analyzed. It is stated that the National Armed Forces of the Republic of Latvia is a group of troops intended to protect the fundamental freedoms, independence and territorial integrity of the state. It’s a part of the Ministry of Defence of Latvia. It is emphasized that the Armed Forces of the Republic of Lithuania are a state military organization whose purpose is to protect the territorial integrity and inviolability of the state. It is a structural unit of the Ministry of National Defence Republic of Lithuania. It is noted that the Armed Forces of Estonia (Defence Forces) is a military organized unit of the Executive authority, which is headed by the government of the Republic and the Ministry of Defence of Estonia. It is stated that the activities of the Armed Forces of the Baltic States are carried out on the principle of collective defence of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, which task is to protect the member States from military threat. Based on the analyzed experience of the Baltic States’ Armed Forces, it has been concluded that the effective functioning and activities of the Armed Forces depends on a clear definition of the main priorities in the field of defenсe, chains of international community and valid logistical support. It is noted about the possible implementation of certain positive provisions regarding the transformation about the integrated leadership system of the defenсe forces and military management in the Armed Forces in accordance with NATO standards and the provision of advisory assistance.

scholarly journals Lithuania’s search for International support to Resist Russian Aggression in 1918

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-175
Author(s):  
Gediminas Rudis
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
International Support ◽  
Internal Resources ◽  
State Research ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Military Support ◽  
The Baltic

The paper rejects a viewpoint prevalent among Lithuanian historians that the first government of the Republic of Lithuania, led by Augustinas Voldemaras, did not recognize the danger of Russia and was not concerned with the security of the state. Research shows that the government was fully conscious of the international situation of Lithuania and expected efficient diplomatic and military support from the Allies to counter Russian aggression. The orientation to the Allied powers was well-grounded, but too little attention was paid to the mobilization of the internal resources for the defence of the country. That was probably the most crucial drawback of the activity of Voldemaras’ government. Such a conclusion can reasonably be drawn if one takes into account the fact that at that time the Allied powers had not yet defined their policy with respect to the Baltic states.

scholarly journals THE NATIONAL CODE IN THE STORIES OF BAKHYTZHAN KANAPYANOV

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
А. Baybolov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
State Prize ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Cultural Process ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Baltic

The article is devoted to the issue of the national code. It is through fiction that new worlds open up to the reader, taking the soul of stories, extraordinary images. Here, special attention is paid to the symbols of an ethnographic nature. In addition, we will take a detailed look at short stories (miniatures) “Zhalgyz agash”, “Bakhchisaray”, “Balbal”, “Hourglass”, “Raven” from the point of view of national code laureate of the State prize of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of literature and art named after Abai, member of the Union of writers of Kazakhstan, member of the Union of cinematographers of the CIS and the Baltic States, the independent award “Tarlan”, poet, writer, translator, publisher and essayist, screenwriter of Bakhytzhan Kanapyanov. In Kazakhstan, it is little studied, but based on it, we can understand the current cultural process.

scholarly journals Pembaharuan Hukum: Peran Tentara Nasional Indonesia Dalam Penanggulangan Aksi Terorisme (Kajian Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2018 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Terorisme)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arief Fahmi Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
Police Force ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Territorial Integrity ◽  
Broad Scope ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
The Face ◽  
Entire Nation ◽  
The Republic

The Involvement of the Indonesian National Army in countering terrorism, that is in article 7 paragraph (1) law of Republic of Indonesia number 34 of 2004 concerning the Indonesia National Army  which reads; The main task of the Indonesian National Army is to uphold the sovereignty of the state, maintain the territorial integrity of the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia based on Pancasila and the 1945 constitution and protect the entire nation and Indonesia’s blooshed from threats and assumptions to the integrity of the nation and state. We Consider that acts of terrorism are based on ideology which want to change the basis of the state, so it is very relevant to the presence of the Indonesian National Army involvement in counterterrorism. The Indonesian National Army authority on the elimination of terrorism is an on going debate. Authority is the making of decisions commanding and accountable to others. The Indonesia National Army authority is given on the grounds that terrorism is seen as a thereat to the integrity and defense of the state. In overcoming the act of terrorism as referred to in paragraph (1) shall be carried out in accordance with the main task and functions of the Indonesia National Army if seen in law number 34 of 2004 concerning the Indonesia National Army, the duties and functions of the Indonesian National Army have a too broad scope including the task of deterrence, repression dan recovery which in a legal perspective can be interpreted as acts of intelligence, investigation, even remdial action. However, the Indonesian Armed Forces crackdown on terrorism should continue to put  the Indonesia police force in the face of effort to avoid actions potentially in frined on human rights.Keyword : authority, the Indonesia Nastional Army, the countermeasure of terrorism and nastional sovereignty.  AbstrakKeterlibatan TNI dalam penanggulangan terorisme yaitu pada pasal 7 ayat (1) Undang-undang Nomor 34 tahun 2004 tentang TNI yang berbunyi; Tugas pokok TNI adalah menegakkan kedaulatan negara, mempertahankan keutuhan wilayah negara kesatuan Republik Indonesia yang berdasarkan Pancasila, UUD tahun 1945 serta melindungi segenap bangsa dan tumpah darah Indonesia dari ancaman dan gangguan terhadap keutuhan bangsa dan negara. Kita ketahui bahwa aksi terorisme berbasis pada ideologi yang berkeinginan merubah dasar negara, sehingga sangat relevan hadirnya keterlibatan TNI dalam penanggulangan terorisme. Kewenangan TNI dalam pemberantasan terorisme merupakan sebuah hal yang masih menjadi perdebatan. Kewenangan merupakan kekuasaan membuat keputusan memerintah dan melimpahkan tanggung jawab kepada orang lain yang diatur oleh hukum. Kewenangan TNI diberikan dengan alasan terorisme dilihat sebagai sebuah tindakan yang mengancam keutuhan dan pertahanan negara. Dalam mengatasi aksi Terorisme sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dilaksanakan sesuai dengan tugas pokok dan fungsi Tentara Nasional Indonesia. Jika dilihat dalam UU N0. 34 Tahun 2004 tentang TNI, tugas dan fungsi TNI memiliki ruang lingkup terlalu luas meliputi tugas penangkalan, penindakan dan pemulihan yang dalam perspektif hukum dapat dimaknai sebagai sebagai tindakan intelijen, penyelidikan, penyidikan, bahkan sampai dengan tindakan remedey (pemulihan). Namun demikian, pelibatan TNI dalam pemberantasan terorisme harus tetap mengedepankan profesionalitas Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia (Polri) dengan menghindari berbagai tindakan yang berpotensi melanggar hak asasi manusia (HAM).Kata Kunci: Kewenangan; Tentara Nasional Indonesia; Penanggulangan Terorisme dan Kedaulatan NKRI. 

GOVERNMENT RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT PEOPLE’S RIGHTS OVER THE CLEAN WATER

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nadzir
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
State Control ◽  
Government Responsibility ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

Water plays a very important role in supporting human life and other living beings as goods that meet public needs. Water is one of the declared goods controlled by the state as mentioned in the constitution of the republic of Indonesia. The state control over water indicated that water management can bring justice and prosperity for all Indonesian people. However, in fact, water currently becomes a product commercialized by individuals and corporations. It raised a question on how the government responsibility to protect the people's right to clean water. This study found that in normative context, the government had been responsible in protecting the people’s right over the clean water. However, in practical context, it found that the government had not fully protected people's right over clean water. The government still interpreted the state control over water in the form of creating policies, establishing a set of regulations, conducting management, and also supervision.

1830: van de Belgische protonatie naar de natiestaat (deel 2)

2007 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-321
Author(s):  
Lode Wils
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
The State ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The South ◽  
Public Office ◽  
The North ◽  
Ministerial Responsibility ◽  
The Government ◽  
The French Revolution

In het tweede deel van zijn bijdrage 1830: van de Belgische protonatie naar de natiestaat, over de gebeurtenissen van 1830-1831 als slotfase van een passage van de Belgische protonatie doorheen de grote politiek-maatschappelijke en culturele mutaties na de Franse Revolutie, ontwikkelt Lode Wils de stelling dat de periode 1829-1830 de "terminale crisis" vormde van het Koninkrijk der Verenigde Nederlanden. Terwijl koning Willem I definitief had laten verstaan dat hij de ministeriële verantwoordelijkheid definitief afwees en elke kritiek op het regime beschouwde als kritiek op de dynastie, groeide in het Zuiden de synergie in het verzet tussen klerikalen, liberalen en radicale anti-autoritaire groepen. In de vervreemding tussen het Noorden en het Zuiden en de uiteindelijke revolutionaire nationaal-liberale oppositie vanuit het Zuiden, speelde de taalproblematiek een minder belangrijke rol dan het klerikale element en de liberale aversie tegen het vorstelijk absolutisme van Willem I en de aangevoelde uitsluiting van de Belgen uit het openbaar ambt en vooral uit de leiding van de staat.________1830: from the Belgian pre-nation to the nation stateIn the second part of his contribution 1830: from the Belgian pre-nation to the nation state, dealing with the events from 1830-1831 as the concluding phase of a transition of the Belgian pre-nation through the major socio-political and cultural mutations after the French Revolution, Lode Wils develops the thesis that the period of 1829-1830 constituted the "terminal crisis" of the Kingdom of the United Netherlands. Whilst King William I had clearly given to understand that he definitively rejected ministerial responsibility and that he considered any criticism of the regime as a criticism of the dynasty, the synergy of resistance increased between the clericalists, liberals and radical anti-authoritarian groups in the South. In the alienation between the North and the South and the ultimate revolutionary national-liberal opposition from the South the language issue played a less important role than the clericalist element and the liberal aversion against the royal absolutism of William I and the sense of exclusion of the Belgians from public office and particularly from the government of the state.

Assessment of the state of the heat economy of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-100
Author(s):  
V. R. Darbasov ◽  
◽  
M. Р. Solomonov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
The State ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
The North ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Heat Energy Market

The article assesses the state of the heat economy of the Northern region. The purpose of the article is to reveal the reasons for chronic backwardness of the region's industry from the average Russian indicators. To achieve the goal, solved the following problems: the features of heat economy in the North, analyzes the housing development, production and consumption of heat energy, as the sources of heat energy and heat networks, and also reforms in the heat economy of the region, based on which conclusions on assessment of the heat economy of the region. In recent years, there has been a twofold decrease in the rate of renewal of fixed assets of the heat economy against the norm, low rates of introduction of the resource-saving technologies in the heat economy, and in general, in the housing and communal services of the region. The level of marginal balance of supply and demand in the heat energy market is determined. The article is written to correct the decisions of the Federal and regional Executive authorities in terms of ensuring the reliability of heat economy of the Northern region.

National Historical Myth as an Element of the Baltic States’ Strategic Cultures: Examining Postage Stamps

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7 (105)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Vladislav Vorotnikov
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Political Class ◽  
Semiotic Model ◽  
Contemporary Politics ◽  
Postage Stamps ◽  
Relative Proximity ◽  
The One ◽  
The Baltic

The article examines the structure of national historical mythology of the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) with an emphasis on the foreign policy dimension based on the analysis of their issues of the postage stamps. Since issuing of the postage stamps is a product of consensus between the state and civil society, their topics and images presented on them, on the one hand, may be considered as a part of the semiotic model of the state image, thus reflecting its stance on processes, events, phenomena or personalities of the past and the present and, accordingly, shaping, transforming or supporting a certain nation-forming mythology or state ideology; on the other hand, they reflect mass perceptions of the dominant national historical narrative, and often the priorities of contemporary politics. Due to the specifics of the Baltic states’ history and the dominant values and ideology of their political class, the mainstream historical narrative is inevitably turned outward, that makes the analysis of its main elements extremely operational in the study of their strategic cultures. The article proposes the author's attitude to categorizing and highlighting the main chronological and thematic elements of the arrays of postage stamps of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia from 1990 to 2020. On the basis of discourse and selective iconographic analysis, the key elements of national historical narratives and their coherence with the foreign political positioning and strategies of the Baltic states are identified and analyzed. A comparative analysis of the three country cases allows us to pinpoint their relative proximity as well as some specific features.

scholarly journals Financial Security in the Baltic States: Comparison with Selected EU Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadežda Semjonova
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Financial Independence ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Baltic

AbstractThe present paper applies recently developed consolidated indicator of the state financial security to the situation in Baltic States and some EU countries. The indicator summarises a number of economic and financial parameters relevant to the financial independence of the country. The resulting indicator demonstrates a reasonable correlation with sovereign Fitch rating both for Baltic States and the “old” EU countries, but Fitch rating gives more optimistic evaluation for old EU countries.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF THE USE OF POLYGRAPH IN THE SECURITY AND DEFENSE SECTOR OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
S. Kazmiruk ◽  
I. Pampukha ◽  
N. Blyzniuk
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Control Procedure ◽  
Territorial Integrity ◽  
Linguistic Support ◽  
Military Security ◽  
The Right ◽  
Psychophysiological Detection

The year 2021 was proclaimed the year of the Euro-Atlantic transformation at the Department of Defense of Ukraine. The result of such transformational processes in the DoD of Ukraine and the Armed Forces of Ukraine will be the creation of the integrated Euro-Atlantic type defense institution that will ensure their obligatory transformation, together with the other subjects of the security and defense sector of Ukraine to the new standards functioning and the command and control procedure. In particular, the introduction of legal regulation of the use of the polygraph. Military security is one of the fundamental requirements to implement the right of the people of Ukraine on self-identification, preserve Ukraine as a state and secure its sustainable development. The protection of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine is the utmost valuable function of the State. The fulfillment of this norm of the Constitution of Ukraine in terms of existential military threat to national security requires applying a number of measures and defensive actions that adhere to the principles and norms of international law. The main purpose of the Strategy of the military security of Ukraine is a preliminary prepared and comprehensively maintained all-encompassing defense of Ukraine based on the principles of deterrence, sustainability, and cooperation that ensures military security, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of the state by introducing innovative tools to detect hidden information. In the course of the Euro-Atlantic integration process, there is a critical moment to start carrying out specific, complex, and relevant tasks in the sphere of external political activity that facilitate the implementation of relevant directions in developing innovative systems aimed at identifying concealed and false information. Particularly, the linguistic support of events of defense and military cooperation in order to systematically implement the reforms of the security and defense sector that are directed to meet the international NATO-members' standards. It is also relevant to urgently implement the legal and ethical norms on the activity of the polygraph examiner's when performing a psychophysiological detection of deception using a polygraph.

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