scholarly journals Some Basic Aspects of Militia Activities in Ukrainian SSR in 1933

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
V. A. Grechenko ◽  
V. V. Rossikhin
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Active Part ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
State Security ◽  
Exact Time ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Buildings

The authors’ objective was to study the main aspects of militia’s activities in 1933. This objective is specified in the following tasks: to highlight the work of militia regarding the introduction of passportization in Ukraine; to reveal certain aspects of its activity during the grain supplies in 1933. The authors of the article highlight for the first time the role of militia in carrying out grain supplies in 1933 in Ukraine. Materials on the implementation of passportization in the Republic have been supplemented through the prism of the tasks and activities of militia in this direction. It has been noted that the system of registration and control of population in the cities of Ukrainian SSR was radically changed at the end of 1932. The exact time for the introduction of passportization was chosen not by chance – collectivization in Ukraine ended and the Holodomor began. The result of these processes was a massive flight of peasants from villages who tried to survive and escape from the Holodomor. The main feature of the new passport system was the fact that passports were issued only to those residents of cities, workers’ settlements, state-owned enterprises and new buildings who reached the age of 16 years. An absolute majority of villagers did not have the opportunity to get this document and therefore became attached to their places of residence. Practical conduction of passportization of the population in Ukrainian SSR revealed an unfavorable demographic situation in the country and the presence of a large number of declassed persons who did not have a permanent job or committed crimes. The introduction of the passport system positively affected the organization of combating crime and ensuring state security, the registration of receptees was established. At the same time, passportization was accompanied by numerous repressions of judicial and extrajudicial nature. Militia being a part of the State Political Administration took an active part in the grain supplies campaign of 1932-1933, which led to the Holodomor. That activity had negative and repressive nature. Officers of militia also investigated the cases involving cannibalism.

scholarly journals PERAN BHABINKAMTIBMAS SERTA MASYARAKAT DALAM UPAYA PENCEGAHAN GANGGUAN KEAMANAN DAN PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA DI KABUPATEN LABUHANBATU

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Wahyu Simon Tampubolon
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
The State ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Republic ◽  
National Police ◽  
And Control ◽  
Mutual Agreement

The Indonesian National Police is directly responsible under the President. The police carry out police duties throughout Indonesia. The police are one of the foremost persons of society, the role of the police at this time is as a guardian of security and order as well as law enforcement officers in society related to criminal law, the police are able to carry out their duties professionally, where their birth originates from the community, according to their needs and desires they. This is done in order to create a situation and conditions that are safe, orderly, serene, and peaceful in social life, which then develops in accordance with developments and changes in state conditions. The National Police, which started from the public side, is now on the side of the state, which has a role to face and control the community itself. Law Number 2 of 2002 concerning the State Police of the Republic of Indonesia, the duties, authorities and rights of the police, in which Article 2 the function of the National Police is to maintain security and public order (kamtibmas).In accordance with the philosophical foundation of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia is Pancasila which is the basis of our country, especially the fourth principle "Democracy led by Wisdom in Deliberation / Representation". The fourth precept of this Pancasila, requires that the resolution of disputes, conflicts or cases be carried out through deliberation to reach a consensus which is embraced by a family spirit. This means that any dispute, conflict or case that needs to be built through negotiation or peace procedures between the disputing parties to reach a mutual agreement. Initially court mediation tended to be facultative or voluntary (voluntary), but now it leads to imperative or future (mandatory).Keywords: Bhabinkamtibmas, Society, disturbance, dispute resolution

Development of Interethnic Relations in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the First Decades after the Second World War

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Elena Yu. Guskova
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
First Time ◽  
Second World

The article is devoted to the analysis of interethnic relations in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) in the 1940s and 1960s. The article is based on materials from the archives of BiH, Croatia, Slovenia, Yugoslavia. The documents show the state of affairs in the Republic – both in the economy and in ideology. In one or another way, all of them reflect the level of tension in the interethnic relations. For the first time, the article presents the discussion on interethnic relations, on the new phenomenon in multinational Yugoslavia – the emergence of a new people in BiH under the name of “Muslim”. The term “Muslims” is used to define the ethnic identity of Bosniaks in the territory of BiH starting from the 1961 census.

ПРОТИВОДЕЙСТВИЕ ТРАНСНАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ЭКСТРЕМИСТСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Solomonova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
State Security ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Russian Federation

В данной статье рассматривается сущность противодействия экстремизму, как основополагающая роль государственной безопасности Российской Федерации, методы и действия направленные на пресечение распространения экстремистской деятельности на территории Российской Федерации, а также за ее пределами.This article examines the essence of countering extremism as a fundamental role of the state security of the Russian Federation, methods and actions aimed at suppressing the spread of extremist activities on the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as beyond its borders.

Policing and Political Violence

2021 ◽  
pp. 002200272110130
Author(s):  
Kristine Eck ◽  
Courtenay R. Conrad ◽  
Charles Crabtree
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
The State ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Conflict Studies ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Conflict Processes ◽  
State Security ◽  
New Research ◽  
Conflict Research

The police are often key actors in conflict processes, yet there is little research on their role in the production of political violence. Previous research provides us with a limited understanding of the part the police play in preventing or mitigating the onset or escalation of conflict, in patterns of repression and resistance during conflict, and in the durability of peace after conflicts are resolved. By unpacking the role of state security actors and asking how the state assigns tasks among them—as well as the consequences of these decisions—we generate new research paths for scholars of conflict and policing. We review existing research in the field, highlighting recent findings, including those from the articles in this special issue. We conclude by arguing that the fields of policing and conflict research have much to gain from each other and by discussing future directions for policing research in conflict studies.

scholarly journals Securitisation gaps: Towards ideational understandings of state weakness

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Kevork Oskanian
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Collective Knowledge ◽  
State Action ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Interpretive Approach ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Republic

Abstract This article contributes a securitisation-based, interpretive approach to state weakness. The long-dominant positivist approaches to the phenomenon have been extensively criticised for a wide range of deficiencies. Responding to Lemay-Hébert's suggestion of a ‘Durkheimian’, ideational-interpretive approach as a possible alternative, I base my conceptualisation on Migdal's view of state weakness as emerging from a ‘state-in-society's’ contested ‘strategies of survival’. I argue that several recent developments in Securitisation Theory enable it to capture this contested ‘collective knowledge’ on the state: a move away from state-centrism, the development of a contextualised ‘sociological’ version, linkages made between securitisation and legitimacy, and the acknowledgment of ‘securitisations’ as a contested Bourdieusian field. I introduce the concept of ‘securitisation gaps’ – divergences in the security discourses and practices of state and society – as a concept aimed at capturing this contested role of the state, operationalised along two logics (reactive/substitutive) – depending on whether they emerge from securitisations of the state action or inaction – and three intensities (latent, manifest, and violent), depending on the extent to which they involve challenges to state authority. The approach is briefly illustrated through the changing securitisation gaps in the Republic of Lebanon during the 2019–20 ‘October Uprising’.

THE ROLE OF SELF-HELP IN PATIENTS SOLIDAR RESPONSIBILITY TO OWN HEALTH

Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 328-331
Author(s):  
С.К. Молдабаев ◽  
С.А. Мамырбекова ◽  
Д.Н. Маханбеткулова
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
The State ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Health Insurance System ◽  
Insurance System ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Compulsory Health Insurance ◽  
The Republic

Согласно Концепции Государственной программы улучшения здоровья населения на 2020-2025 годы в рамках дальнейшего внедрения системы ОСМС в РК одним из основных задач госудаства является повышение солидарной ответственности граждан за свое здоровье. Существующая солидарная ответственность должна побуждать пациентов развивать навыки самопомощи/самоменеджмента с целью лучшего управления собственным здоровьем. Цель исследования. Анализ роли самоменеджмента пациентов в системе солидарной ответственности за свое здоровье. Материал и методы. Данный обзор основывается на материалах ВОЗ и статей зарубежных и отечественных исследователей. Выводы. На сегодняшний день, в системе здравоохранения Казахстана одним из основных моментов является солидарная ответственность государства, пациента и работодателя. Ведь каждый гражданин должен принимать важные решения, которые оказывают существенное влияние на состояние его здоровья. Поэтому стратегии по повышению грамотности пациентов, их вовлеченность в процесс принятия решений и развитие самоменеджмента должны быть одними из фундаментальных стержней существующей системы ОСМС и политики здравоохранения. According to the Concept of the State Program for improving the health of the population for 2020-2025, as part of the further implementation of the compulsory health insurance system in the Republic of Kazakhstan, one of the main tasks of the state is to increase the joint responsibility of citizens for their health. The existing shared responsibility should encourage patients to develop self-help / self-management skills in order to better manage their own health. Purpose of the study. Analysis of the role of patients' self-management in the system of joint responsibility for their health. Material and methods. This review is based on WHO materials and articles of foreign and domestic researchers. Findings. Today, in the health care system of Kazakhstan, one of the main points is the joint responsibility of the state, the patient and the employer. After all, every citizen must make important decisions that have a significant impact on his health. Therefore, strategies to improve patient literacy, their involvement in the decision-making process and the development of self-management should be one of the fundamental pillars of the existing compulsory health insurance system and health policy.

scholarly journals Ebola in Africa - Discoveries in the past decade

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
R R Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
The Past ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

Within the past decade, Ebola haemorrhagic fever (EHF) has been recognised for the first time in four countries. Our understanding of the epidemiology, clinical aspects, laboratory diagnosis and control measures for EHF has improved considerably as a result of the outbreaks in these countries and the re-emergence that has occurred in another. The coordinated international responses to several of the large EHF outbreaks serve as models for controlling epidemics of other communicable diseases. This report is a chronological overview of the EHF outbreaks in Africa during the past decade, including the recent epidemics in Gabon and the Republic of the Congo, and highlights new discoveries and some of the remaining challenges.

La sinistra e la destra nella Francia politica

2013 ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Vincent Duclert
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The Future ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Republic

The recent presidential elections in 2012 have shown that left-right cleavage was still dominant in France. The redistribution of political forces, strongly awaited by the center (but also by the extremes) did not take place. At the same time, the major issues, such the European unification, the future of the nation, the future of the Republic, the role of the state, continue to cross left and right fields, revealing other cleavages that meet other historical or philosophical contingencies. However, the left-right opposition in France structured contemporary political life, organizing political families, determining the meaning and practice of institutions. Thence, the question is to understand what defines these two political fields and what history brings to their knowledge since the French Revolution, or they are implemented

Popular Imperialism, Democracy, Conservatism and Socialism, 1850–1900

2019 ◽  
pp. 172-202
Author(s):  
Nick Mansfield
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Active Part ◽  
The Political ◽  
Reform Movements ◽  
Officer Corps ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Mass Democracy ◽  
First Time

This chapter reviews the political sympathies of soldiers – both officers and rank and file - in the age of high Victorian imperialism and emerging British democracy. It examines the role of the army in growing working class support for popular imperialism, often fuelled by racism. Whilst it acknowledges the overall tendency for officers to support Conservatism, it uncovers tenacious support for Liberalism on the part of some of the officer corps. This extended to many of the rank and file in the post-Chartist period, with post discharge soldiers actively supporting all types of reform movements and taking an active part in the mass democracy brought about by the 1867 and 1884 Reform Acts. With the development of socialism from the 1880s this even extended to a significant number of ‘soldier socialists’, surveyed here for the first time.

Predictive value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-neutrophil ratio, and neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio in lupus nephritis

Lupus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1031-1039
Author(s):  
Peng Liu ◽  
Peiyuan Li ◽  
Zhong Peng ◽  
Yazhou Xiang ◽  
Chenqi Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Nephritis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Neutrophil To Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

Objective To evaluate the role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-neutrophil ratio (PNR), platelet-to-monocyte ratio (PMR), and neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio (NMR) as predictors for lupus nephritis (LN) patients without infection or as biomarkers for distinguishing between infection or flare with LN patients. Methods LN patients were divided into three groups: LN without infection, LN with infection, and LN with flare. A total of 57 healthy subjects were enrolled as controls. The differentiation was analyzed between LN without infection and control group, and LN with infection and LN with flare. Correlations among variables were assessed in the LN group without infection. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed in two comparable groups. Results NLR, PLR, and MLR were increased significantly in the LN group without infection as compared with those in healthy controls. NLR (area under the curve (AUC): 0.75) and MLR (AUC: 0.79) were useful for distinguishing between LN patients without infection and healthy subjects. In differentiating LN patients without infection from the controls, optimal cutoffs of NLR and MLR were 3.43 (sensitivity: 45.6%, specificity: 96.5%, and overall accuracy: 68.8%) and 0.24 (sensitivity: 75.0%, specificity: 73.7%, and overall accuracy: 73.6%), respectively. In addition, NLR ( r = 0.322, p = 0.011) and PLR ( r = 0.283, p = 0.026) were positively correlated with CRP. Importantly, NLR and NMR were increased while PNR was decreased in the LN group with infection in comparison with those in the LN group with flare. NLR (AUC: 0.80), NMR (AUC: 0.78), and PNR (AUC: 0.74) were useful in differentiating LN patients with infection and flare, and their optimal cutoffs were 4.02 (sensitivity: 82.6%, specificity: 69.6%, and overall accuracy: 75.5%), 12.19 (sensitivity: 80.4%, specificity: 73.9%, and overall accuracy: 77.5%), and 28.26 (sensitivity: 65.2%, specificity: 76.8%, and overall accuracy: 71.6%), respectively. Conclusions We demonstrated, for the first time, that MLR or NMR had the best accuracy in differentiating LN patients without infection from healthy subjects, or differentiating infection from flare in LN patients, respectively. Our results implied that NLR, MLR, PNR, and NMR may be useful biomarkers in predicting LN.

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