scholarly journals A Review on Examination of Structural Behaviour of a Bi-directionally Functionally Graded Beam

2020 ◽  
pp. 448-455
Author(s):  
Milan Motta ◽  
Amit Sarda
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Beam ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Research Review ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
Functionally Graded Beam ◽  
Special Category

A composite beam that exhibits variation of properties of a material which is created artificially as per a predefined function is a special category popularly termed as functionally graded beam. The notable part in such a variation in properties of material is that it can be in any of the three possibilities in any single, two dimensional direction or in all the three dimensional direction. It is quite possible to use the governing function in its standard or customized form as any researcher derives it. The nature of governing function of the properties of the graded beam is the reason behind the structural behaviour and the modal characteristic of a functionally graded beam as these two depends upon it. This research review focuses on a detailed examination of different governing equation which controls the variation of mechanical properties of a beam in different dimensional directions and their authority on structural and modal distinctiveness of the beam.

Manufacturing and Measuring Mechanical Properties of Continuous Functionally Graded Beam

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mansoor Abbood ◽  
Haider K. Mehbes ◽  
Abdulkareem. F. Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Functionally Graded Beam ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Graded Material ◽  
Vertical Gravity

In this study, glass-filled epoxy functionally graded material (FGM) was prepared by adopting the hand lay-up method. The vertical gravity casting was used to produce a continuous variation in elastic properties. A 30 % volume fraction of glass ingredients that have mean diameter 90 μm was spread in epoxy resin (ρ = 1050 kg/m3). The mechanical properties of FGM were evaluated according to ASTM D638. Experimental results showed that a gradually relationship between Young’s modulus and volume fraction of glass particles, where the value of Young’s modulus at high concentration of glass particles was greater than that at low concentration, while the value of Poisson’s ratio at high concentration of glass particles was lower than that at low concentration. The manufacture of this FG beam is particularly important and useful in order to benefit from it in the field of various fracture tests under dynamic or cyclic loads.

Three-dimensional bioglass-collagen-phosphatidylserine scaffolds designed with functionally graded structure and mechanical features

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunrong Yang ◽  
Huazhong Wu ◽  
Shou Chen ◽  
Guangyu Kang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Defect Sites ◽  
Form Stability

Abstract The development of scaffolds featuring spatiotemporal controlled release of drugs is highly desirable. The goal of this study is to construct an inhomogeneous scaffold with gradient pore structure from top layer to bottom layer. The scaffolds were prepared using bioglass (BG), phosphatidylserine (PS) and steroidal saponins (SS) loaded collagen (COL) microparticles as the main components. The resulting scaffold constructs were characterized in terms of their morphology, drug release kinetics and mechanisms, as well as macroscopic form stability and mechanical properties. Pore interconnectivity and graded distribution were demonstrated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Such constructs have been further shown to be advantageous for temporal and spatial control of drug release and deposition in the scaffolds, with a potential to repair bone defect more precisely and effectively. Changes in the BG content resulted in distinct macroscopic form stability and mechanical properties to scaffolds. An increase in the BG content in scaffolds led to less volume swell as well as higher ultimate strength and compressive modulus, which makes the scaffolds mechanically adjustable according to certain structures and properties of different bone defect sites. The developed scaffolds may show promise for promoting bone tissue regeneration.

An Experimental Technique for the Investigation of Three-Dimensional Stress in Bone Cement Underlying a Tibial Plateau

1989 ◽  
Vol 203 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
E G Little ◽  
D O'Keefe
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bone Cement ◽  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Anterior Section ◽  
Porous Interface ◽  
Comparative Information ◽  
Large Model

The technique of experimental model testing was applied to the analysis of stress at selected sites in bone cement underlying a tibial plateau. The investigation utilized a large model knee fabricated from materials which had mechanical properties similar to the actual tibial plateau and acrylic cement but which did not duplicate adequately the complexity of bone. A porous interface was created in the model between the materials representing the bone and cement. Three-dimensional strain rosettes were embedded into the cement and the model was loaded in a varus or valgus mode. Overloading resulted in breakdown of the modelled anterior and part of the posterior cement-bone interfaces, producing non-linear and in some cases erratic strains in the anterior section but repeatable linear results in the posterior section. The investigation highlighted the necessity for three-dimensional strain gauge investigations as opposed to two-dimensional studies. It is suggested that the approach could provide comparative information about different products and form the basis for a valuable design tool.

scholarly journals Two Dimensional Functionally Graded Material Finite Thick Hollow Cylinder Axisymmetric Vibration Mode Shapes Analysis Based on Exact Elasticity Theory

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Asgari
Keyword(s):  
Hollow Cylinder ◽  
Functionally Graded Material ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Variation Method ◽  
Axisymmetric Vibration ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Thick Hollow Cylinder ◽  
Graded Material

Abstract A thick hollow cylinder with finite length made of two- dimensional functionally graded material (2D-FGM) is considered and its natural modes are determined, based on great importance of mode shapes information in order to understand vibration behaviour of structures. Three dimensional theory of elasticity implemented for problem formulation, since mode shapes of a thick cylinder are three dimensional even with axisymmetric conditions. The axisymmetric conditions are assumed for the 2D-FGM cylinder. The material properties of the cylinder are varied in the radial and axial directions, with power law functions. Effects of volume fraction distribution on the different types of symmetric mode shapes configuration and vibration behaviour of a simply supported cylinder are analyzed. Three dimensional equations of motion are used and the eigen value problem is developed, based on direct variation method.

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