scholarly journals Studies on the Perimeter : Protoxylem Ratios in Twelve Domesticated Orchid Species

2019 ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
Mini Chacko ◽  
Anju M.V
Keyword(s):  
Orchid Species ◽  
Epiphytic Orchids ◽  
Terrestrial Orchids ◽  
Adaptive Efficiency

The present study was aimed at ranking twelve domesticated orchid species based on ANOVA of their Perimeter : Protoxylem arch ratios. Two terrestrial orchids, Spathoglottis plicata Blume , Peristeria elata Hook and ten epiphytic orchids, Oncidium flexuosum Sims., Dendrobium crumenatum Sw., Dendrobium var. sonia, Arachnis flosaeris (L.) Rchb. f, Vanda sp., Phalaenopsis equestris (Schauer) Rchb. f., Doritis pulcherrima var. marmorata, Acampe sp., Vanilla sp. and Epidendrum sp. were selected for the present study. The P: Px ratio was observed to correlate with the water adaptive efficiency of the orchids.

scholarly journals Diversity and Abundance of Orchids at Gebugan Nature Reserve in Semarang, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-290
Author(s):  
Tria Farokhah ◽  
Sri Utami ◽  
Jumari Jumari
Keyword(s):  
Data Base ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Genetic Conservation ◽  
Developing Strategy ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Epiphytic Orchids ◽  
Reserve Area ◽  
Terrestrial Orchids

Orchid is a plant with a high aesthetic value.The existence of orchids directly by the community from their natural habitat, causing the existence of orchid in nature was threatened. The potential of orchid diversity in the Gebugan Nature Reserve area needs exploration to maintain its sustainability. This research would explore the diversity and abundance of orchid species and determined the environmental conditionof Gebugan Nature Reserve. The study was done on 2 stations with altitude difference are 900 m asl and 1045 m asl. Five plots of 10 m x 10 m were systematically constructed at each station with a distance of plots 50 meters. Species of orchids found in the Gebugan Nature Reserve were 12 species, including 11 species of epiphytic orchids and 1 species of terrestrial orchids. The abundance of individual orchid species was relatively higher in places with higher altitudes. Micropera sp was the most abundant orchid species and Corymborkis veratrifolia was the species of orchid with the lowest abundance. It is found that the environmental conditions of Gebugan Nature Reserve are suitable for orchid. The novelty of the research is providing a new data base of orchid in the Gebugan Nature Reserve. The result of the study would be beneficial for developing strategy of genetic conservation of orchird germplasm.

scholarly journals Genome sequence of Apostasia ramifera provides insights into the adaptive evolution in orchids

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weixiong Zhang ◽  
Guoqiang Zhang ◽  
Peng Zeng ◽  
Yongqiang Zhang ◽  
Hao Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Adaptive Evolution ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Epiphytic Orchids ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Terrestrial Orchids

Abstract Background The Orchidaceae family is one of the most diverse among flowering plants and serves as an important research model for plant evolution, especially “evo-devo” study on floral organs. Recently, sequencing of several orchid genomes has greatly improved our understanding of the genetic basis of orchid biology. To date, however, most sequenced genomes are from the Epidendroideae subfamily. To better elucidate orchid evolution, greater attention should be paid to other orchid lineages, especially basal lineages such as Apostasioideae. Results Here, we present a genome sequence of Apostasia ramifera, a terrestrial orchid species from the Apostasioideae subfamily. The genomes of A. ramifera and other orchids were compared to explore the genetic basis underlying orchid species richness. Genome-based population dynamics revealed a continuous decrease in population size over the last 100 000 years in all studied orchids, although the epiphytic orchids generally showed larger effective population size than the terrestrial orchids over most of that period. We also found more genes of the terpene synthase gene family, resistant gene family, and LOX1/LOX5 homologs in the epiphytic orchids. Conclusions This study provides new insights into the adaptive evolution of orchids. The A. ramifera genome sequence reported here should be a helpful resource for future research on orchid biology.

scholarly journals Asymbiotic in vitro germination and seed quality assessment of Australian terrestrial orchids

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Dowling ◽  
Manfred Jusaitis
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Vital Staining ◽  
Terrestrial Orchid ◽  
Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Asymbiotic Seed Germination ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Terrestrial Orchids ◽  
Asymbiotic Germination

Determining the seed quality and germination requirements for threatened orchid species in storage is vital for future conservation efforts. Seeds of many Australian terrestrial orchid species are held in conservation collections around the country, but few have been germinated in vitro, fuelling concerns over their long-term viability. This study tested three methods of assessing orchid seed quality; asymbiotic germination was compared with vital staining using triphenyltetrazolium chloride or fluorescein diacetate. Six culture media were examined for efficacy in promoting asymbiotic seed germination of four Australian terrestrial orchid species (Pterostylis nutans, Microtis arenaria, Thelymitra pauciflora and Prasophyllum pruinosum). Germination occurred on all media but germination rates were consistently highest on BM1 and development was most advanced on BM1, P723 and Malmgren media. Subsequent trials tested the efficacy of BM1 for asymbiotic germination of additional genera (Caladenia, Calochilus and Diuris), several congeneric species, and two species collected from several different provenances within each of their ranges. The results indicate that asymbiotic germination on BM1 medium is an effective technique for testing the performance of Australian terrestrial orchid seeds. The efficacy of vital stains to determine seed viability, however, remains uncertain, as significant disagreement between degree of staining and germinability was observed for some species.

scholarly journals Distribution pattern of orchids in Uttarakhand, Western Himalayas, India

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeewan Singh Jalal
Keyword(s):  
Western Ghats ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Tropical Zone ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Eastern Himalayas ◽  
Terrestrial Orchids ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
The Tropics

Orchids are widely distributed in tropics, subtropics and temperate regions. Within the tropics, orchids form an important feature of the vegetation, chiefly as epiphytes. India’s epiphytic orchid is to be found primarily in the Eastern Himalayas and Western Ghats, while the terrestrial species flourishes in the Western Himalayas. In the state of Uttarakhand, India, orchid distribution is not homogeneous. Orchids are typically concentrated along the riverine areas and in pockets of moist forests where there is suitable habitat for their growth, development and regeneration. The purpose of this study was to provide a general review of the distribution of orchid species (epiphytic and terrestrial) in Uttarakhand. A total of 240 species (of which 10 are endemic) belonging to 73 <em>genera</em> were recorded. The largest number of orchid species (terrestrial and epiphytic) were encountered in the sub-tropical zone (&lt;1500 m). Terrestrial orchids were distributed throughout the altitudinal gradient, but the largest number of species occurred in two ecotones between high and low altitude forests (1500-2000 m and 3000-3500 m). Twenty-one species were restricted to a particular habitat.

scholarly journals Inventarisasi Jenis-Jenis Anggrek di Kawasan Banyak Angkrem dan Kedung Kopong, Kecamatan Salaman, Kabupaten Magelang, Jawa Tengah

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
Bela Prapitasari ◽  
Bintang Jalu Rais Al Amin ◽  
Taufiq Rezaldi ◽  
Alviana Nur Ahliyani ◽  
Masfufah Lutvita Kenza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Tropical Rain Forest ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Epiphytic Orchids ◽  
Terrestrial Orchids ◽  
Lowland Tropical Rain Forest ◽  
The Right ◽  
Observation Path

Banyak Angkrem and Kedung Kopong are medium lowland tropical rain forest areas where many types of orchids can be found. This study aims to determine the types and diversity of orchids found in the area of ​​Banyak Angkrem and Kedung Kopong. Data was collected using the Visual Encounter Survey (VES) method with a radius to the right and to the left  5 m from the observation path with a research area ​​6.24 ha. The results showed that in the two areas found 15 species of orchids consisting of 10 species of epiphytic orchids (Acriopsis lilifolia, Agrostophyllum laxum, Bulbophyllum sp 1, Bulbophyllum sp 2, Dendrobium sagittatum, Dendrobium sp, Oberonia lotsyana, Pholidota sp, Polystaschya concreta, Vanila. planifolia) and 5 species of terrestrial orchids (Geodorum densivelorum, Malaxis ophrydis, Malaxis sp, Nervilia plicata, Perystilus goodyroides). The level of diversity (H ') of orchids in the two regions is classified as moderate with an H' value of 2.22

scholarly journals Understanding the distribution of three species of epiphytic orchids in temperate Australian rainforest by investigation of their host and fungal associates

Lankesteriana ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelli Gowland ◽  
Ulrike Mathesius ◽  
Mark Clements ◽  
Adrienne Nicotra
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Terrestrial Orchid ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Epiphytic Orchids ◽  
Carbon Transfer ◽  
Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Associates

Understanding the environmental constraints that affect species distributions are critical to the mainte- nance of biodiversity. The abundance of epiphytic organisms, those that grow on another substrate, such as a tree or rock, is a direct consequence of the avail- ability and distribution of these substrates (Ackerman et al. 1989). In the case of epiphytic orchids it is also due to the presence of orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF). For an orchid, crucial to its germination and establishment, is its association with an OMF. The OMF provides a carbon source to the developing orchid embryo (Rasmussen 1995). Although recipro- cal carbon transfer has been demonstrated in mature plants of a green, terrestrial, orchid species, Goodyera repens (Cameron et al. 2006), it is generally believed that OMF receive no immediate benefit from their association with orchids. Therefore, it would appear intuitive that orchids would associate with all OMF available within their local environment and that they would actively seek this association. 

scholarly journals The carbon and nitrogen ecophysiologies of two endemic tropical orchids mirrors those of their temperate relatives and the local environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 160427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole A. Hynson
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Nitrogen Stable Isotope ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Terrestrial Orchids ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Plant Families

Orchids are one of the most widely distributed plant families. However, current research on the ecophysiology of terrestrial orchids is biased towards temperate species. Thus, it is currently unknown whether tropical terrestrial orchids belong to similar trophic guilds as their temperate relatives. To examine the ecophysiologies of two tropical terrestrial orchids, I analysed the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope compositions and nitrogen concentrations of the Hawaiian endemics Anoectochilus sandvicensis and Liparis hawaiensis . I compared these values with those of surrounding vegetation and their temperate relatives. I found that A. sandvicensis was consistently enriched in the heavy isotope of nitrogen ( 15 N) and had higher nitrogen (N) concentrations than surrounding vegetation, and these values were even higher than those of its temperate relatives. Carbon stable isotope composition among populations of A. sandvicensis varied by island. These results point to local environment and evolutionary history determining the ecophysiology of this species. Whereas L.hawaiensis was also enriched in 15 N and had on average higher N concentrations than surrounding vegetation, these values were not significantly different from temperate relatives, indicating that evolutionary history may be a stronger predictor of this orchid species' ecophysiology than environment. I suggest that both Hawaiian species are potentially partially mycoheterotrophic.

scholarly journals Availability of orchid mycorrhizal fungi on roadside trees in a tropical urban landscape

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Izuddin ◽  
Amrita Srivathsan ◽  
Ai Lan Lee ◽  
Tim Wing Yam ◽  
Edward L. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Epiphytic Orchids ◽  
Biophysical Factors ◽  
Natural Establishment ◽  
Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi

AbstractUrban expansion threatens biodiversity worldwide, therefore urban spaces need to be amenable to biodiversity conservation. On trees in urban environments, natural colonisation and successful translocation of epiphytic orchids are necessary to enhance urban biodiversity, and depend on the availability of compatible orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF). However, the extent of OMF presence and distribution, as well as niche requirements for the OMF, remain poorly studied. To identify and quantify OMF on urban trees as well as assess their suitability for native epiphytic orchids, we conducted high-throughput sequencing on tree bark and orchid root samples. OMF were detected at 60% of the study sites on 16% of 270 bark samples (from stem, fork, and branch microsites within each tree). OMF presence and richness on bark samples were related to multiple biophysical factors; in general, humus presence and precipitation levels were positively predictive of OMF presence and richness. We found Ceratobasidiaceae- and Serendipitaceae-associated OMF both on bark and within roots. Orchid species also showed differing mycorrhizal specificity. Sites associated with fungal genera Ceratobasidium, Rhizoctonia, and Serendipita were considered suitable habitats for seven orchid species. The results suggest that urban trees support OMF and are therefore suitable for native orchid species; however, OMF availability are largely constrained by biophysical factors. To maximise the likelihood of translocation success and consequent natural establishment, we propose that (micro)sites are screened for compatible OMF prior to any intervention.

scholarly journals Distribution of Orchids with Different Rooting Systems in the Czech Republic

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 632
Author(s):  
Zuzana Štípková ◽  
Spyros Tsiftsis ◽  
Pavel Kindlmann
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Abundance Distribution ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Biodiversity Research ◽  
Species Survival ◽  
Terrestrial Orchids

Understanding diversity patterns along altitudinal gradients and the effect of global change on abundance, distribution patterns and species survival are of the most discussed topics in biodiversity research. Here, we determined the associations of orchid species richness and the degree of their specialization to specific environmental conditions (expressed by species specialization index) with altitude in six floristic areas in the Czech Republic. We distinguished three basic trends in these relationships: linear, parabolic and cubic. We then determined whether these trends differ between three orchid groups classified by their rooting systems: rhizomatous, intermediate and tuberous. We used distributional data on 69 species and subspecies of terrestrial orchids recorded in the Czech Republic and interpolated them at 100-m intervals along an altitudinal gradient in each floristic area. The trends in both species richness and mean species specialization index differed between the six floristic areas within each of the three orchid groups studied. These patterns are probably strongly influenced by the orography of the country and the distribution of different habitats in the six floristic areas in the Czech Republic. We also found that the most widely distributed orchid group in the Czech Republic are the rhizomatous orchids, followed by intermediate and tuberous ones.

scholarly journals Fungal diversity driven by bark features affects phorophyte preference in epiphytic orchids from southern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Pecoraro ◽  
Hanne N. Rasmussen ◽  
Sofia I. F. Gomes ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Vincent S. F. T. Merckx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Epiphytic Orchids ◽  
Orchid Seed ◽  
Specific Association

AbstractEpiphytic orchids exhibit varying degrees of phorophyte tree specificity. We performed a pilot study to investigate why epiphytic orchids prefer or avoid certain trees. We selected two orchid species, Panisea uniflora and Bulbophyllum odoratissimum co-occurring in a forest habitat in southern China, where they showed a specific association with Quercus yiwuensis and Pistacia weinmannifolia trees, respectively. We analysed a number of environmental factors potentially influencing the relationship between orchids and trees. Difference in bark features, such as water holding capacity and pH were recorded between Q. yiwuensis and P. weinmannifolia, which could influence both orchid seed germination and fungal diversity on the two phorophytes. Morphological and molecular culture-based methods, combined with metabarcoding analyses, were used to assess fungal communities associated with studied orchids and trees. A total of 162 fungal species in 74 genera were isolated from bark samples. Only two genera, Acremonium and Verticillium, were shared by the two phorophyte species. Metabarcoding analysis confirmed the presence of significantly different fungal communities on the investigated tree and orchid species, with considerable similarity between each orchid species and its host tree, suggesting that the orchid-host tree association is influenced by the fungal communities of the host tree bark.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document