scholarly journals Determination of Standard Reference Cardiothoracic Ratio and the Relationship with Body Parameters as A Patients Health Indicator for Clinical Application

2019 ◽  
pp. 318-326
Author(s):  
Issahaku Shirazu ◽  
Theophilus. A. Sackey ◽  
Elvis K. Tiburu
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
The Body ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Cardiothoracic Ratio ◽  
Body Parameter ◽  
Heart Size ◽  
Body Parameters ◽  
The Relationship

The heart is a muscular organ about the size of a closed fist that function by pumping blood throughout the body making the body size extremely important in its performance. Hence, the work done by the heart depend largely on the total body size of the individual, measurements of which depends on the weight and height to estimate BMI, BSA and BSI. The aim of the study was to establish Ghanaian based standard reference values of cardiothoracic ratio and determine the relationship with body parameters for clinical application. The maximum transverse diameter of the heart was obtained by adding the widest distance of the right heart border from the midline and the left heart border to the midline (cardiac diameter). This value was then divided by the maximum transverse diameter of the thorax (the thoracic diameter) to give the cardiothoracic ratio (CTR). Which is described as a ratio of the cardiac width as against thoracic width. The measured CTR was approximately 15: 33 (cm) and is therefore within the normal limit of 50%. This is because a CTR of greater than fifty percent is abnormal, in terms of Posterior - Anterior (PA) or an Anterior - Posterior (AP) view. In addition, the height and weight were measured to estimate the BMI, BSA and BSI and the relationship of these parameters with the measured cardiothoracic ratio. The result shows that BSI better correlate with the cardiothoracic ratio than any other body parameter with 92.53% accuracy rate. The determination of the CTR which represent the size of the normal heart is of the greatest importance to cardiologists. This is because the heart size enlargement is better assess by determining the ratio of size of the heart (cardiac diameter) as against the size of the chest wall (the thoracic diameter). This is use for initial assessment of heart condition by cardiologist, with a standard adult heart having a CTR value of 0.5. The study shows that a normal size is so variable and depends so greatly on the sex, age and body parameters of the study population. In conclusion, the study will serve as basis of the relationship between body parameter and the CTR. It also established that a deviation of heart size with BSI may reveal an underlying pathologic condition, and called for further studies to be conducted for clinical decision.

The use of Body Surface Index as a Better Clinical Health indicators Compare to Body Mass Index and Body Surface Area for Clinical Application

2018 ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Shirazu I. ◽  
Theophilus. A. Sackey ◽  
Elvis K. Tiburu ◽  
Mensah Y. B. ◽  
Forson A.
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parameters ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Individual Body

The relationship between body height and body weight has been described by using various terms. Notable among them is the body mass index, body surface area, body shape index and body surface index. In clinical setting the first descriptive parameter is the BMI scale, which provides information about whether an individual body weight is proportionate to the body height. Since the development of BMI, two other body parameters have been developed in an attempt to determine the relationship between body height and weight. These are the body surface area (BSA) and body surface index (BSI). Generally, these body parameters are described as clinical health indicators that described how healthy an individual body response to the other internal organs. The aim of the study is to discuss the use of BSI as a better clinical health indicator for preclinical assessment of body-organ/tissue relationship. Hence organ health condition as against other body composition. In addition the study is `also to determine the best body parameter the best predict other parameters for clinical application. The model parameters are presented as; modeled height and weight; modelled BSI and BSA, BSI and BMI and modeled BSA and BMI. The models are presented as clinical application software for comfortable working process and designed as GUI and CAD for use in clinical application.

scholarly journals Correlations of anthropo-somatotypological indicators with indicators of personality traits of practically healthy Ukrainian women

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
I. I. Andriievskyi ◽  
О. А. Serebrennikova ◽  
I. V. Gunas ◽  
O. V. Cherkasova ◽  
V. I. Kyrychenko
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
The Body ◽  
Relative Percentage ◽  
Reactive Anxiety ◽  
Medical University ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of the work is to determine and analyze the peculiarities of correlations between the constitutional parameters of the body and personality indicators of practically healthy Ukrainian women of the first mature age. Primary anthropo-somatotypological (anthropometric examination according to the scheme of V. V. Bunak, determination of somatotype – according to the mathematical scheme of J. Carter and B. Heath; determination of fat, bone and muscle components of body weight – according to the formulas of J. Matiegka, determination of muscular components of body weight – according to the method of the American Institute of Nutrition) and indicators of personality (leading typological characteristics of temperament according to Eysenck, psychodynamic features of personality according to Spielberger, indicators of severity and features of accentuated personality traits according to Shmishek, indicators of subjective control according to Rotter) of 101 practically healthy Ukrainian women of the first mature age were selected from the data bank of materials of the research center of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya. The analysis of correlations between anthropo-somatotypological indicators and indicators of personality traits was performed in the licensed package "Statistica 6.1" using the statistical method of Pearson. Between anthropo-somatotypological indicators and indicators of personality traits of practically healthy Ukrainian women, mostly single weak-strength feedback and direct reliable correlations have been established. In most cases, the feedback is established with the leading typological characteristics of temperament according to Eysenck, psychodynamic features of personality according to Spielberger and indicators of severity and features of accentuated personality traits according to Shmishek, and direct – with indicators of subjective control according to Rotter. The multiple nature of the relationship only between the rate of accentuation of the character of the exalted type according to Shmishek with most indicators of the width of the distal epiphyses of the limbs and the size of the pelvis; between the level of subjective control in the field of failures according to Rotter with half the longitudinal sizes of the body; between the indicator of situational (reactive) anxiety according to Spielberger, or the indicator of accentuation of the character of the cyclothymic type according to Shmishek with all the girths of the chest. Quantitative analysis of significant correlations between anthropo-somatotypological indicators and indicators of personality traits of practically healthy Ukrainian women revealed the largest relative percentage of reliable correlations of anthropo-somatotypological indicators. Namely, with the leading typological characteristics of temperament according to Eysenck, the largest relative percentage of reliable relationships was established with transverse body size and somatotypological indicators; with psychodynamic features of the personality according to Spielberger – with somatotypological indicators; with indicators of severity and features of accentuated personality traits according to Shmishek – with longitudinal body dimensions, cephalometric indicators and width of distal epiphyses of extremities; with indicators of the level of subjective control according to Rotter – with longitudinal body size and somatotypological indicators.

Determination of the Relationship between Renal Volume Model and Related Body Indices for Clinical Application in Ghana

2017 ◽  
pp. 313-320
Author(s):  
Issahaku Shirazu ◽  
Y. B. Mensah ◽  
Cyril Schandorf ◽  
S. Y. Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Application ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Renal Volume ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Volume Model ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Body Parameters ◽  
The Relationship

The study was done to establish the relationship between measured renal volume and body parameters to estimate standard reference value of renal volume related body parameters (RV-BMI, RV-BSI and RV-BSA) in Ghana for clinical application. The estimates were done based on age and gender variation and compare the established standard reference renal volume with its related body parameters. The weight and BMI measuring machine together with tape measure and glass beaker were the measuring tools used. The procedure involve measurement of body height and weight and using the estimated values to calculate BMI with the BMI calculator. It also involve using DuBois formula to estimate local standard reference values of BSI and BSA in Ghana. The reference standard renal volume was determined using water displacement with the Archimedes' principle to confirm the established values in Ghana. These value were compare with established standard reference renal volume model in Ghana which were estimated using abdominal images on MeVisLab application software platform and determined the relationship between these parameters. The determined Ghanaian standard reference renal volume were: 146.74cm3, 151.76cm3, 142.04cm3 and 148.29cm3 for male and female, with its corresponding right and left kidneys respectively. The estimated mean BMI, BSI and BSA were; 25.19kg/m2 39.81 kg/m2 and 2.02m2 for male and 21.91kg/m2 36.58kg/m2 and 1.69m2 for female respectively. Hence from these set of values, the relationship between renal volume and its related BMI was determined to be 6.04cm3-kg/m2 for male and 6.47cm3-kg/m2 for female. While the male RV related-BSA was also determine to be 74.05cm3-m2 and 84.09cm3-m2 for female. Finally, the renal volume related-BSI was also estimated to be 3.81cm3-kg/m2 for male and 3.88cm3-kg/m2 for female. The standard reference renal volume related BMI, BSI and BSA are recommended to be used for renal assessment for clinical application in Ghana.

scholarly journals Emergence ecology of the critically endangered Urothemis edwardsii in a new colonized site in El Kala National Park (Algeria): conservation implications

2019 ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Baaloudj Affef
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Sexual Size Dimorphism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Microhabitat Selection ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Vertical Distribution ◽  
Dragonfly Species

Urothemis edwardsii is one of the most threatened dragonfly species in the Mediterranean. Recent investigations and conservation efforts have increased the local geographic distribution of the species in Northeast Algeria, where a new population (named El Graeate) has been discovered. In the absence of information about the biology and behavior of U. edwardsii in this new site, a study was conducted on the emergence ecology of the species taking into account the temporal pattern of emergence, sex ratio, body size and microhabitat selection. Emergence, which was quite asynchronous, lasted for 50 days, with 50% of the population emerging within the first half of the period. Sex ratio at emergence was slightly female biased despite the absence of sexual size dimorphism, suggesting that size is not the only driving force behind mortality bias during the larval stage. There was a slight seasonal increase in the body size of exuviae (exoskeletons) in both sexes. Microhabitat selection, assessed as the vertical stratification of exuviae at ecdysis, was positively correlated with the height of supporting plants, but the relationship reached a plateau suggesting that there are predetermined limits to the vertical distribution of exuviae. These data will be essential for the future species protection, restoration and management attempts in the region.

Evaluasi Ukuran Tubuh Turunan Sapi Aceh dengan Sistem Pemeliharaan Berbeda di Kecamatan Indrapuri, Aceh Besar

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Furkan Herry ◽  
Mohammad Agus Nashri A. ◽  
Asril Asril
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chest Circumference ◽  
Maintenance System ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Maintenance Systems ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
The Village

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di 3 desa yang berbeda di Kecamatan Indrapuri, Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Penelitian berlangsung selama 30 hari yang dimulai dari tanggal 18 Februari - 19 Maret 2017. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi ukuran tubuh turunan sapi aceh pada umur sapih dengan sisitem pemeliharaan yang berbeda. Materi  yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah anak sapi Aceh lepas sapih sebanyak 24 ekor. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi yaitu dengan cara mengukur ternak turunan sapi Aceh lepas sapih tersebut. Penentuan desa dengan mempertimbangkan adanya sistem pemeliharaan sapi secara ekstensif dan intensif dan jumlah ternak sapi lepas sapih terpenuhi untuk pengambilan sampel. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah lingkar dada, panjang badan, dan tinggi pundak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ukuran lingkar dada turunan sapi Aceh pada umur sapih yang di pelihara dengan system intensif menunjukkan ukuran yang lebih tinggi di bandingkan dengan ukuran lingkar dada yang dipelihara dengan system pemeliharaan ekstensif dan pada pengukuran panjang badan dan tinggi gumba turunan sapi Aceh yang di pelihara dengan system ekstensif menunjukkan ukuran yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan ukuran  panjang badan dan tinggi gumba yang di pelihara dengan sistem intensifEvaluation of Body Size of Aceh Cow Beans with Different Maintenance System in Indrapuri Sub-district, Aceh BesarThis research was conducted in 3 different villages in Indrapuri Sub-district, Aceh Besar District. The study lasted for 30 days starting from February 18 to March 19, 2017. This study aims to evaluate the body size of aceh cows at the weaning age with different maintenance systems. The material used in this study is Aceh calf off weeds as much as 24 tail. This research method using the observation method that is by measuring the cattle of Aceh cattle derivatives off the weaning. Determination of the village taking into account the existence of an extensive and intensive cattle breeding system and the number of loose weaning cattle is fulfilled for sampling. Parameters observed in this study were chest circumference, body length, and shoulder height. The results showed that the size of the chest circumference of cows of Aceh cattle at the age of weaning with intensive care system showed a higher size in comparison with the size of the chest circumference maintained with extensive maintenance system and on the measurement of the length and height of the gumba derived from Aceh cows Extensive systems show a higher size compared to the size of the body length and height of the gumba maintained in an intensive system

The indirect determination of energy retention in farm animals: I. The development of method

1956 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Blaxter ◽  
J. A. F. Rook
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Indirect Determination ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
The Relationship

1. Methods of estimating water retention in the body of cattle are discussed, and it is shown that methods based on determinations of the initial and final body-water content are of low accuracy and are not suitable for the indirect estimation of fat balance over a period of 24 days.2. Analyses of tissues from young and adult cattle showed that with the exception of serum, brain, skin and bone, water content of the tissues may be predicted from the following equation:Water(g./100g.) = 0·292 Na(mg./100g.) + 0·147 K(mg./100g.).This equation shows that 1 m.equiv. of the Na of tissues is associated with more water than is 1 m.equiv. of the K.3. No differences between cattle aged from less than 1 week to more than 5 years were observed in the relationship between water and Na and K content.4. The equation applied also to the contents of the digestive tract, other than those of the abomasum which gave low results, ascribed to the presence of a high concentration of H+ ions.5. Analyses of whole foetuses for Na, K and H2O showed that their water content could be predicted accurately. The same was true of amniotic fluid, but the water content of allantoic fluid was underestimated by 50%.6. It was shown that despite the anomalous behaviour of brain, serum, skin and bone, accurate predictions of the water content of the animal could be made from simultaneous determinations of Na and K retentions, providing a correction was made for the storage of bound Na in bone.7. Data are presented which indicate that the equations apply equally well to the tissues of the sheep.

scholarly journals PENGUKURAN PANJANG TUBUH CACING NIPAH PENDEK Namalycastis abiuma (POLYCHAETA: NEREDIDAE) DARI PERAIRAN MANGROVE SUNGAI KAPUAS KALIMANTAN BARAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
Junardi Junardi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Body Size ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Relationship

AbstrakCacing Nipah Pendek Namalycastis abiuma memiliki tubuh yang elastis dan mudah putus sehingga diperlukan pendekatan morfometri tubuh lain untuk menentukan panjang tubuh sesungguhnya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan panjang tubuh total cacing nipah pendek dengan menggunakan bobot tubuh, jumlah total segmen berseta, panjang tiga segmen anterior pertama (L3) dan lebar segmen berseta atau setiger ke-10 (S-10). Spesimen yang digunakan dipilih hanya individu yang lengkap dan utuh. Pengukuran dilakukan dibawah mikroskop dengan lensa okular yang dilengkapi dengan mikrometer. Data dianalisis dengan analisis korelasi. Cacing yang digunakan sebanyak 258 individu yang terdiri atas 190 immature, 54 submature dan 14 mature dengan ukuran panjang tubuh rata-rata berturut-turut 108,62±34,80 mm, 172,27±42,78 mm dan 123,14±57,40 mm. Cacing betina ditemukan memiliki ukuran tubuh lebih besar dari jantan. Panjang tubuh N. abiuma dapat diduga dengan bobot tubuh, panjang L3 dan lebar S-10 dengan nilai koefisien korelasi (r) berturut-turut 0,82, 0,73 dan 0,78. Pendekatan morfometri dapat digunakan untuk menentukan ukuran tubuh N. abiuma.Abstract The short nypa palm worm Namalycastis abiuma has an elastic and fragile body. Therefore, an alternative approach of morphometrical techniques is needed to determine the total body length. This research aimed to estimate the total body length of the short nypa palm worm based on body weight, the total number of segments, the length of the first three anterior segment (L3) and the tenth setiger width (S10). Body measurement was done using stereomicroscope fitted with the micrometer. Correlation analysis was done to describe the relationship between the length of L3 and the width of S10. A total of 258 complete and whole specimens consisted of 190 immature, 54 submature, and 14 mature individuals. The average body length of immature individuals was 108.62±34.80 mm, 172.27±42.78 mm for sub mature individuals, and 123.14±57.40 mm for mature individuals. Based on sexual dimorphism, the female body size is larger than male. The body length of N. abiuma can be estimated by body weight, the length of L3, and the  width of S10, with  correlation coefficient (r) of 0.82, 0.73 and 0.78, respectively. Morphometry approach can be used to determine the body size of N. abiuma. 

scholarly journals Assessment of the Adaptation Capacities of the Body Based on the Determination of the Natural Antibodies to the Endogenous Bioregulators

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. e00038
Author(s):  
M.A. Myagkova ◽  
S.N. Petrochenko ◽  
A.I. Levashova
Keyword(s):  
Natural Antibodies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Practical Recommendation ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Immunological Monitoring ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
The Relationship

A comparative analysis of natural antibodies to bioregulators of the excitation and inhibition nervous system (glutamate and GABA) was performed in serum of people with different types of physical activity. Immunological monitoring was done in three stages: on day 1 (stage 1), on day 14 (stage 2) and on day 28 of examination (stage 3). The study included individuals who were intensively engaged in certain kinds of sports (Greco-Roman wrestling, hockey) and volunteers, who normally practiced a set of health physical exercises. A significant increase in the level of natural antibodies to GABA and glutamate was found with an increase in the duration of exercise in the training process compared with the control group. For individuals involved in various sports activities, the relationship between the intensity of the loads and the immunological parameters was established. Practical recommendation for the application of the developed method for an estimation of adaptation possibilities of the organism at changing physical loadings is given.

scholarly journals Retrospective study of allometric relationship between heart rate, electrocardiographic parameters and bodyweight in dogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1800-1804
Author(s):  
A.S.C. Aleixo ◽  
A. Alfonso ◽  
M.G. Fillippi ◽  
S.B. Chiacchio ◽  
M.L.G. Lourenço
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
Allometric Relationship ◽  
Domestic Species ◽  
Electrocardiographic Parameters ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Weight Groups

ABSTRACT The allometric relationship between bodyweight (BW) and heart rate (HR) has been described as inversely proportional in domestic species, but that has been refuted. The relationship between HR and electrocardiographic variables is described in literature. However, studies about the variation and influence of factors on the hemodynamic and electrocardiographic parameters in dogs are not abundant. As the metabolic rate is defined as the production and dissipation of heat by the body surface area (BSA) in m², it is essential to define that relationship. A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the correlation between HR, ECG parameters and BW in dogs. One thousand electrocardiographic tracings were analyzed in addition to the ECG parameters and clinical data such as gender, age and bodyweight. The determination of BSA was performed as follows: BSA (m2) = (10.1 x bodyweight 0.67) X 10-4. When the unified groups were analyzed, there was a negative but weak correlation (r= -0.14, P< 0.0001) between bodyweight and HR. There were differences between weight groups regarding electrocardiographic variables. There is no allometric relationship between BW and HR in dogs. Weight was associated with changes in ECG variables.

scholarly journals Bulimic symptoms in a sample of college women: disentangling the roles of body size, body shame and negative urgency

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1357-1364
Author(s):  
Simon E. Dalley ◽  
Glenda G. Bron ◽  
Iona F. A. Hagl ◽  
Frederic Heseding ◽  
Sabine Hoppe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
College Women ◽  
Body Shame ◽  
The Body ◽  
Negative Urgency ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Bootstrap Analysis ◽  
Bulimic Symptoms ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Purpose This study set out to disentangle the roles of body size, body shame and negative urgency on bulimic symptomatology in a sample of college women. We predicted that body shame would mediate the relationship between body size and bulimic symptomatology: with increasing body size, the greater would be the experience of body shame and, in turn, the greater the bulimic symptomatology. We also predicted that negative urgency would exacerbate this mediation pathway, and that the moderated mediation model would occur over and above current levels of depression. Method A convenience sample of 237 college women indicated their age, height and weight and then completed measures of body shame, negative urgency, depression and bulimic symptomatology. Bootstrap analysis was used to test the predicted moderation mediation model. Results The bootstrap analysis supported all predictions. Thus, with greater the increase in body size, the greater was the body shame and the more frequent bulimic symptomatology. Furthermore, negative urgency moderated the relationship between body shame and bulimic symptomatology, such that those with both higher negative urgency and body shame had more frequent bulimic symptomatology. Conclusions Results suggest that those college women higher in both BMI and negative urgency are likely to experience higher levels of bulimic symptoms. These women may benefit from emotion regulation interventions targeted at preventing, as well as coping effectively with, the experience of body shame. Level of evidence V: cross-sectional descriptive study.

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