scholarly journals Crowdfunding Using Blockchain

2020 ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
K. Bhavya Sri ◽  
J. S. Supriya ◽  
M. Pranathi Sai ◽  
P. Siva Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Conventional Approach ◽  
Risk Of Failure ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Venture Business ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Crowd funding is the practice of raising money from large number of individuals for the purpose of financing a project, venture, business or cause. Conventionally, crowdfunding has been carried out via events and door-to door fundraising. However there are lot of risk features like security of your business idea, developing a successful crowd funding campaign is an effort and time consuming. Crowd funding is not a charity, fees charged, risk of failure etc. Here comes the role of blockchain to nullify the potential risks of the conventional method of fundraising. A decentralized approach to crowd funding allows us to eliminate all the potential risks faced by the conventional approach of crowdfunding.

The Role of Shared Decision-Making in Audiologic Rehabilitation

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Pryce ◽  
Amanda Hall
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Treatment Information ◽  
Centered Care ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Audiologic Rehabilitation

Shared decision-making (SDM), a component of patient-centered care, is the process in which the clinician and patient both participate in decision-making about treatment; information is shared between the parties and both agree with the decision. Shared decision-making is appropriate for health care conditions in which there is more than one evidence-based treatment or management option that have different benefits and risks. The patient's involvement ensures that the decisions regarding treatment are sensitive to the patient's values and preferences. Audiologic rehabilitation requires substantial behavior changes on the part of patients and includes benefits to their communication as well as compromises and potential risks. This article identifies the importance of shared decision-making in audiologic rehabilitation and the changes required to implement it effectively.

Developing Habits and Knowing What Habits to Develop: A Look at the Role of Virtue in Ethics

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich H. Loewy
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Working Through ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Better Than

Virtue ethics attempts to identify certain commonly agreed-upon dispositions to act in certain ways, dispositions that would be accepted as ‘good’ by those affected, and to locate the goodness or badness of an act internal to the agent. Basically, virtue ethics is said to date back to Aristotle, but as Alisdair MacIntyre has pointed out, the whole idea of ‘virtue ethics’ would have been unintelligible in Greek philosophy for “a virtue (arete) was an excellence and ethics concerned excellence of character; all ethics was virtue ethics.” Virtue ethics as a method to approach problems in medical ethics is said by some to lend itself to working through cases at the bedside or, at least, is better than the conventional method of handling ethical problems. In this paper I want to explore some of the shortcomings of this approach, examine other traditional approaches, indicate some of their limitations, and suggest a different conceptualization of the approach.

scholarly journals Shedding light on autistic traits in struggling learners: A blind spot in medical education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Giroux ◽  
Luce Pélissier-Simard
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Struggling Learners ◽  
Accountability Standards ◽  
Broader Phenotype ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Medical Competence

AbstractSome highly challenging, seemingly “unsolvable” situations that arise in medical education could be the result of autistic traits (AT) in learners. AT exist in physicians and learners, ranging from profiles compatible with DSM-5’s criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to more subtle manifestations of ASD’s “broader phenotype.” Often associated with strengths and talents, AT may nonetheless pose significant challenges for learning, teaching, and practising medicine. Since AT remain widely under-recognized and misunderstood by educators, clinicians, and affected individuals alike, they represent a blind spot in medical education. The use of a “neurodiversity lens” to examine challenging situations may help educators consider different pedagogical approaches to address those potentially stemming from AT.This paper aims to raise awareness and understanding of AT-related difficulties in struggling medical learners. To overcome the blind spot challenge and help develop this “neurodiversity lens,” we explore different angles. Beyond any diagnostic consideration, we offer a series of contextual examples, paralleled with explanatory concepts from the field of ASD. We also underline the role of context on functional impact and describe the often ill-defined pattern of challenges encountered, as well as the fertile grounds for interpersonal misunderstandings and disrespect. We propose historical, cultural, and clinical reasons likely contributing to the blind spot. Mindful of the potential risks of prejudice associated with identifying AT-related difficulties, we underline the necessity and feasibility of conciliating diversity and dignity with accountability standards for medical competence.

Role of a-Si in Enhancing the Current Gain of Si-based MSM Photodetector using Conventional Method

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Lim ◽  
M. R. Hashim ◽  
Abdul Manaf Hashim ◽  
Vijay K. Arora
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Current Gain ◽  
Msm Photodetector

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 “infodemic” on drug-utilization behaviors: implication for Pharmacovigilance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Tuccori ◽  
Irma Convertino ◽  
Sara Ferraro ◽  
Emiliano Cappello ◽  
Giulia Valdiserra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Opinion Leaders ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor Antagonists ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hazardous Use

The COVID-19 pandemic that hit the world in 2020 triggered a massive dissemination of information (“infodemic”) about the disease channeled through the web and social media. This “infodemic” included also sensational and distorted information about drugs, which likely affected primarily opinion leaders and people particularly active on social media, and subsequently other peoples leading to inadequate choices by individual patients everywhere. In particular, for some drugs approved with other indications, namely chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, favipiravir and umifenovir, information has spread that has led to a hazardous use. In this article, we analyzed the rationale behind the claim for use of these drugs in COVID-19, the communication about their effect on the disease, the consequences of this communication on people's behavior and the response of some influential regulatory authorities in an attempt to minimize the actual or potential risks arising from this behavior. Finally, we discussed the role of pharmacovigilance stakeholders in emergency management and possible strategies to be put in place to deal with other similar situations in the future.

A Simple Method for Estimating the Parameters of the Beta Distribution Applied to Modeling Uncertainty in Gas Turbine Inlet Temperature

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic A. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Beta Distribution ◽  
Conventional Approach ◽  
Algebraic Solution ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Shape Parameters ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
New Approach ◽  
A Value

The beta distribution is a particularly convenient model for random variables when only the minimum, maximum and most likely values are available. It is also very useful for estimating the mean and standard deviation given this information. In this paper a simple method is proposed to estimate the beta parameters from these three values. The proposed method has advantages over the conventional approach. In the conventional approach, the four parameters of the beta distribution are determined from only three values by assuming a standard deviation that is one-sixth the range. In contrast, the new method assumes a value for one of the beta shape parameters based on an analogy with the normal distribution. This new approach allows for a very simple algebraic solution of the beta shape parameters in contrast to the simultaneous solution required by the conventional method. The results of the proposed method are very similar to the conventional method. However, the proposed method generally gives a slightly higher (more conservative) estimate of the standard deviation when the distribution is skewed. In addition, the new approach allows the standard deviation to vary as the shape or skew of the distribution varies. Both methods were applied to modeling the probability distribution of temperature.

Nanotechnology in the Food Industry

2015 ◽  
pp. 218-239
Author(s):  
Shabir Ahmad Mir ◽  
Manzoor Ahmad Shah
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Food Stability

This chapter addresses the potential application of nanotechnology in various areas of the food industry. Nanotechnology is having an impact on several aspects of the food industry, from product development to packaging processes. Nanotechnology is capable of solving the very complex set of engineering and scientific challenges in the food processing industries. This chapter focuses on exploring the role of nanotechnology in enhancing food stability at the various stages of processing. Research has highlighted the prospective role of nanotechnology use in the food sector, including nanoencapsulation, nanopackaging, nanoemulsions, nanonutraceuticals, and nanoadditives. Industries are developing nanomaterials that will make a difference not only in the taste of food but also in food safety and the health benefits that food delivers. While proposed applications of nanotechnologies are wide and varied, developments are met with some caution as progress may be stifled by lack of governance and potential risks.

Nanotechnology in the Food Industry

2017 ◽  
pp. 1165-1181
Author(s):  
Shabir Ahmad Mir ◽  
Manzoor Ahmad Shah
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Food Stability

This chapter addresses the potential application of nanotechnology in various areas of the food industry. Nanotechnology is having an impact on several aspects of the food industry, from product development to packaging processes. Nanotechnology is capable of solving the very complex set of engineering and scientific challenges in the food processing industries. This chapter focuses on exploring the role of nanotechnology in enhancing food stability at the various stages of processing. Research has highlighted the prospective role of nanotechnology use in the food sector, including nanoencapsulation, nanopackaging, nanoemulsions, nanonutraceuticals, and nanoadditives. Industries are developing nanomaterials that will make a difference not only in the taste of food but also in food safety and the health benefits that food delivers. While proposed applications of nanotechnologies are wide and varied, developments are met with some caution as progress may be stifled by lack of governance and potential risks.

Radiotherapy after Prostatectomy

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 445-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Sanguineti ◽  
Paola Franzone ◽  
Laura Culp ◽  
Michela Marcenaro ◽  
Salvina Barra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Adjuvant Radiotherapy ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Salvage Treatment ◽  
Salvage Radiotherapy ◽  
Risk Of Failure

Aims and background The role of radiotherapy after prostatectomy is controversial. This paper tries to give some guidelines for everyday practice through an analysis of literature data. Methods The potential role of radiotherapy in the adjuvant and salvage setting is discussed. We also report and interpret available literature data for both settings. Results As regards an increase in or detectable prostate-specific antigen (PSA) after radical prostatectomy, about 40–50% of patients are rendered bNED with local salvage radiotherapy, but only 10–50% are long-term (5 years) biochemically controlled. A timely salvage treatment is crucial to optimize control probability. As regards adjuvant radiotherapy for undetectable postoperative PSA in patients at high risk of failure as judged on pathology, results are more encouraging. Recent data report bNED rates ≥70% at 5 years. Conclusions Although results are far from satisfactory, salvage radiotherapy should be considered for every patient with an increased or detectable PSA after surgery. Adjuvant radiotherapy seems preferable to salvage radiotherapy for patients at high (>30%) risk of failure.

scholarly journals Switching Competitors Reduces Win-Stay but Not Lose-Shift Behaviour: The Role of Outcome-Action Association Strength on Reinforcement Learning

Games ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Vincent Srihaput ◽  
Kaylee Craplewe ◽  
Benjamin James Dyson
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Learning Principles ◽  
Zero Sum ◽  
Quality Decision ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Predictability is a hallmark of poor-quality decision-making during competition. One source of predictability is the strong association between current outcome and future action, as dictated by the reinforcement learning principles of win–stay and lose–shift. We tested the idea that predictability could be reduced during competition by weakening the associations between outcome and action. To do this, participants completed a competitive zero-sum game in which the opponent from the current trial was either replayed (opponent repeat) thereby strengthening the association, or, replaced (opponent change) by a different competitor thereby weakening the association. We observed that win–stay behavior was reduced during opponent change trials but lose–shiftbehavior remained reliably predictable. Consistent with the group data, the number of individuals who exhibited predictable behavior following wins decreased for opponent change relative to opponent repeat trials. Our data show that future actions are more under internal control following positive relative to negative outcomes, and that externally breaking the bonds between outcome and action via opponent association also allows us to become less prone to exploitation.

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