scholarly journals СТАН І ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ ЛІСОВОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ РЕСПУБЛІКИ КОМИ

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
М. А. Шишелов
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
The State ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Forest Development ◽  
Forest Regions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Development Prospects

The forestry complex is economically significant for the development of the Komi Republic. It is noticeably inferior to the fuel and energy complex, but it plays an important social role in the forest regions of the republic, where it not only creates employment for the population, but also contributes to the development of municipalities through the creation of a tax base for local budgets. This provision updates the assessment of the current situation and possible development prospects. The purpose of the article is to analyze the state and development prospects of the forestry complex of the Komi Republic. The object of the research is the forest complex of the Komi Republic, which plays an important social role in the forest regions of the republic, where it not only creates employment for the population, but also contributes to the development of municipalities through the creation of a tax base for local budgets. Research hypothesis - an increase in the output of timber products is ensured by the implementation of priority investment projects in the field of forest development in the Komi Republic and the modernization of existing enterprises. Methods used in the study. The study of the state of the forest complex in the region was carried out on the basis of a retrospective analysis of data and expert assessments. Its methodological features are: structuring the efficiency of the forestry complex into production, socio-economic, and financial; using a set of indicators characterizing the specified aspects of efficiency. As a result, on a structured set of indicators, a characteristic of the forest complex of the Komi Republic was obtained, the effectiveness of activities and promising directions of development were determined. Presentation of the main material. It is shown that in the forest complex of the Komi Republic, projects are being implemented that are included in the federal list of priority investment projects in the field of forest development in Russia. Originality and practical significance of the research. The disappearance of small forest enterprises, first of all, negatively affects the social and economic situation of rural settlements of the republic, in which they are sometimes the only objects that provide an economic basis. But despite the modernization of existing enterprises and the creation of new ones, the commodity and industry structure of the complex continues to remain conservative with a predominance of timber and paper products of low and medium levels of redistribution. Conclusions. The technological level of production development remains insufficient, the share of innovative products with high added value is significantly inferior to countries with a developed forest industry. The prospects for the development of the forestry complex of the Komi Republic are determined by domestic and international factors of growth in the consumption of traditional products (lumber, plywood, paper) and new niches (wrapping paper, tall oil, turpentine, bioethanol, composite materials).

scholarly journals Loterie jako instrumenty pozyskiwania dochodów państwa w polskim prawie skarbowym w latach 1768-1871

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-109
Author(s):  
Michalina Duda-Hyz
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Current Regulation ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Polish Law ◽  
The Right

Lottery is considered to be the first institutionalized form of gambling in Poland, just like in other European countries. The purpose of the introduction of the lottery was to bring funds to the Crown treasury and to the Lithuanian treasury. Subsequently, it was seized by the treasury with the simultaneous stipulation that only the state has the right to organize and receive income from lottery games. This was connected with the creation of a new fiscal prerogative which can be treated as the prototype of the state’s monopoly on the lottery. It is still present in the current regulation pertaining to gambling. Also some of the forms of public burden connected with organizing the lottery, i.e. the tributes charged for the organization of gambling games, seem to possess features similar to contemporary taxes levied for games.The article presents the lotteries which were organized in order to acquire funds for the state treasury from the period of the First Polish Republic until 1871. Furthermore, the paper narrowed the scope of the research to the lotteries which were organized according to the Polish law in order to acquire income for the treasury of the Duchy of Warsaw, the Kingdom of Poland and the Republic of Cracow. The considerations concentrate on the issue of acquiring income for the state from the activity consisting of organizing gambling games. And to be more specific, it concentrates on the type of public tributes which can be construed as the prototype of the present taxes on gambling.

scholarly journals DIGITAL ECONOMICS RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (33) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Pavlova ◽  
◽  
N.K. Izteleuova ◽  
V.V. Shabanova ◽  
N.I. Galiullina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
The State ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Republic

The article analyzes trends in the development of digitalization of the economy of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan; reveals the regional aspect of the state of digital transformation of the Russian economy; examines the correlation of the digital economy of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. Digital transformation of the economy, and in particular the bilateral cooperation plan between the Ministry of industry and trade of the Russian Federation and the Ministry digital development, defense and aerospace industry of Kazakhstan in the field of industrial and scientific-technical cooperation, promotes more effective engagement of countries in all regions. In the sphere of building a digital economy, cooperation between countries can have an emergent effect. An important component of the transition to the digital economy is the exchange of experience and accumulated knowledge at the interstate level. Russia and Kazakhstan, as strategic partners, have many points of contact in the field of digital economy. The authors noted the need for an integrated approach to the digital economy development in Russia and Kazakhstan, both at the microeconomic and at the macroeconomic level, the features of the digital economy in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan, the basic characteristics of the directions of the state support in the field of digital economy, as well as the criteria of selection of projects, explored the actors involved in the creation of the digital economy, able to organize meetings of various institutions, ready to implement advanced information and communication solutions in various spheres of life. The paper analyzes the areas of cooperation between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan on the development of information and digital technologies. Both in Russia and Kazakhstan, serious work is being done in the field of digitalization, programs have been adopted at the state level, and detailed schemes for moving the economy into a digital future are being developed. The creation of infrastructure for the digital economy implies a constant exchange of experience, the creation of a common digital agenda, to ensure technological compatibility of the two countries' actions. Digital transformation requires people who have a clear understanding of how to integrate new digital methods and processes into existing ways of working. Key words: digital economy, e-management, digital players, Russia, Kazakhstan, transactions, information, technology, infrastructure, digitalization, Internet commerce, digital revolution, big data, technological innovation, innovation industry, information and communication technologies.

scholarly journals Industrial Park «Great Stone» as an innovation growth zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (215) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Maria Solomko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Growth Zone ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Park ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Production Facilities

The article considers the importance of industrial development for the economy of the Republic of Belarus. The dynamics of indicators that characterize the level of sustainable development of medium- and high-tech industries is presented. Trends in the creation of innovative infrastructure entities are described. The activities of the China-Belarus industrial Park "Great stone" and its importance are described. Industrial Park’s main investment projects for the creation of production facilities are presented. The platforms of the China-Belarus innovation center for commercialization of scientific and technical achievements are presented.

scholarly journals THE POTENTIAL OF A STRATEGIC ALTERNATIVE OF THE FORESTRY SECTOR DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOMI

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4/2020) ◽  
pp. 139-150
Author(s):  
M. A. Shishelov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Practical Importance ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Forestry Sector ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
The Republic

The purpose of the work is to analyze the potential of a strategic alternative for development of the forestry sector of the Komi Republic. The main tasks are identifying barriers and directions for development of the regional forestry industry. The study shows that in the forestry sector of the Komi Republic, projects are being implemented that are included in the federal list of priority investment projects in the field of forestry development in Russia. But despite the modernization of existing enterprises and creation of new ones, the commodity structure of the sector remains conservative with a predominance of wood and paper products of low and medium processing levels. The technological level of production development remains insufficient, the share of innovative products with high value added is significantly inferior to countries with developed forest industries. At the same time, alternatives to development prospects of production are poorly studied issues of the forestry sector of the Komi Republic. This provision required a study of global trends in the development of the forest industry and determination of barriers preventing functioning of the forestry sector of the Komi Republic. As a result, the following is identified: technological backwardness of production; depletion of commercial timber stocks; poor development of the forest infrastructure; insufficient overall efficiency of the region's forestry sector. The main directions of overcoming the existing barriers include: increasing production volume of innovative products of the first generation at operating enterprises; organization of new productions of innovative forest products of the first and second generation in forest-supplied regions of the Komi Republic; development of a woodworking territorial cluster of small and medium-sized enterprises; introduction of innovative approaches to transporting timber from remote forest areas with poor transport accessibility and reforestation. Thus, the obtained data are of great practical importance for managing the development of the regional forestry sector.

The Photographic Presentation of South Africa, 1874 and 1923

Itinerario ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 143-153
Author(s):  
Robert Ross
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Single Person ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The One ◽  
White Minority

What is, and was, South Africa? This is clearly not a question which has a single answer, nor has it ever had one. On the one hand, there is a constitutional answer. In these terms, South Africa did not exist before the creation of the Union in 1910 and since then has been the state created then, transformed into the Republic of South Africa in 1961 and transformed once again with the ending of white minority rule in 1994. On the other hand, there are innumerable answers, effectively those to be found in the minds of all South Africans, and indeed all those foreigners who have an opinion about the country. Nevertheless, these opinions are not random. Clearly, there are regularities to be found within them, such that it is possible, in principle, to describe at the very least the range of answers to this question which were held within particular groups of the population, either within the country or outside it, and also to use specific sources, emanating from a single person, or group of individuals, as exemplary of the visions held by a far wider group.

Czy zgodnie z Konstytucją RP możliwa jest ratyfikacja decyzji Rady Europejskiej (UE, Euroatom) 2020/2053 z 14 grudnia 2020 r. dotyczącej systemu zasobów własnych Unii Europejskiej bez zgody wyrażonej w ustawie przez Sejm i Senat RP?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (70) ◽  
pp. 163-172
Author(s):  
Aldona Domańska
Keyword(s):  
Financial Burden ◽  
The State ◽  
European Council ◽  
International Agreement ◽  
Financial Instruments ◽  
Council Decision ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Republic

In the opinion of the author, the European Council Decision 2020/2053 does not determine new competencies of the Union, but only the creation of new financial instruments to implement political priorities or better reflect the importance of the general budget. It does, however, impose a significant financial burden on the state, and thus meets the criteria for ratification of an international agreement set forth in the Polish Constitution in Article 89 para. 1 subpara. 4. It is therefore not permissible for the Decision to be ratified solely by the President of the Republic of Poland without the consent of the Sejm and the Senate expressed in a statute.

FORMATION OF THRESHOLD VALUES OF SAFETY INDICATORS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOMI)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
M. S. KYZYUROV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Republic

The article discusses and analyzes the approaches available in science to the formation of threshold values of indicators of economic security. The author conducts a comparative study of the existing methods for determining threshold values, examines the advantages and disadvantages of each of the approaches. On the basis of the study, the threshold values for seven indicators of the security of the economic develop-ment of the region are substantiated. Further, the indicative system presented in the work is tested on the example of the Komi Republic using the indicators highlighted by the author and their threshold values using a specially developed technique based on the synthesis of the minimax approach and the indicative method, diagnostics of the state of security of economic development is carried out, the main threats arising in this area are highlighted. The application of the approach proposed in the work to the formation of threshold values of indicators, as well as the methodology used to assess threats, made it possible to diagnose threats that pose a significant danger to the development of the regional economy. The results obtained can be used by public authorities when they carry out activities to monitor the state of the region's economy.

Systemy sztucznej inteligencji jako wyzwanie dla sfery bezpieczeństwa i obronności RP

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (70) ◽  
pp. 273-298
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Fehler ◽  
Agnieszka Araucz-Boruc ◽  
Andrzej Dana ◽  
Anna Lasota-Kapczuk
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The State ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
Technological Potential ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Modern Technologies

The authors pointed out the basic challenges related to the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the area of security and defence of the Republic of Poland. Challenges to Polish security and defence related to modern technologies, including the use of AI systems, arise from the fact that Poland remains outside the leading group of highly technologically advanced countries. It is necessary to implement organisational measures to strengthen and expand the technological potential of the state, above all the development of national solutions in the sector of new technologies and cyber security, and the creation of a comprehensive document that defines the strategic objectives in the area of AI use and the ways of their implementation.

REFORMS IN THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA, INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REFORM PROCESS

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1965-1969
Author(s):  
Irfan Muharemi
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Police Reform ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Reform Strategy ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
The Republic

The issue to be addressed within this work is the reforms in the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Police of the Republic of Macedonia adopted and approved during the last decade. Reforms in the MIA and the police represent the main criterion of the country's integration into the European Union, at the same time; enable the return of citizens' confidence to the MIA and the police as well as the creation of a guarantee for the country's internal security. The vision of acceptance of European values, norms and police services in Macedonia emerged shortly after the declaration of independence of RM in the year 1991. After peaceful independence, the RM proved its commitment to the establishment and organization of efficient and accountable state institutions. In order to achieve this, the MIA should include the police, to be transformed from a state police into a service police (closer citizens). However, the most substantial efforts to reform the MIA were developed at the beginning of the new century when the state formally started the process of EU integration. As international partners, in cooperation with local authorities, were specifically engaged in creating a strategy for reform in the MIA and the police, with the aim of implementing a community policing model and instigating democratic values in the police. Direct support for this process was provided by the European Commission Mission in Justice and Ministry of Internal Affairs in Macedonia ( ECJHAT). This mission was intended to assist local authorities in the creation of the Strategy for Reforms of the Most Sensitive Part of the State apparatus. Therefore, EU experts were directly involved in the task force established by the MIA with the task to prepare the Police Reform Strategy, which was approved by the Government of Macedonia in August 2003, as well as the Action Plan for its implementation adopted in December 2004. The EITC mission lasted for 18 months and ended at the end of 2003 but a new instrument EC as a policing reform supporter called the Police Reform Project (ECPRP), which was intended to provide guidance on the implementation of the reform process. Some of the standards set out in the Police Reform Strategy have been amended in accordance with the Ohrid Agreement on equal representation of all ethnic communities, in particular the representation of Albanians in the MIA. Also, the manner of electing Commanders of Police in Municipalities, where in line with the OFA, the local police leaders are elected by the municipal councils, based on lists proposed by the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Prior to the start of the reform, the MIA and the police of the Republic of Macedonia were a highly centralized organization and had to decentralize or delegate some competencies to the local government by decentralizing decision-making and accountability. In fact, this was and is difficult to achieve because it alongside the formal legal changes requires the change of thinking to officials and policemen. And this Working Group ECJHAT acknowledges that "it is easier to build an organization from beginning rather than fully reorganizing a functional organization.

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