scholarly journals Responses of thallus anatomy and chlorophyll fluorescence-based photosynthetic characteristics of two Antarctic species of genus Usnea to low temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-105
Author(s):  
J. HÁJEK ◽  
A. HOJDOVÁ ◽  
K. TRNKOVÁ ◽  
P. VÁCZI ◽  
M. BEDNAŘÍKOVÁ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Antarctic Species ◽  
Thallus Anatomy

scholarly journals Impact of Exposure to Low Temperature Degrees in Field Conditions on Leaf Pigments and Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Leaves of Mango Trees

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 30-45
Author(s):  
Ali A.S. Sayed ◽  
Farouk M. Gadallah ◽  
Mohamed A. Seif El-Yazal ◽  
Gamal A. Abdel-Samad
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Sampling Times ◽  
Fayoum Governorate

This experiment was conducted to found the connection between low temperature stress in vivo conditions (ambient-air temperature) and the changes in some physiological and biochemical events (leaf pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence) of mango trees in response to exposure to natural low temperature (cold). To verify this objective, 12 popular commonly mango cultivars (25 years old) which grown in private orchard in Fayoum Governorate, Egypt were selected for this study which carried out during the period from November to March of years; 2012 and 2013. The selected cultivars were: Alphonso, Baladi, Bullock's Heart, Helmand, Hindi Besennara, Mabrouka, Mestekawy, Nabeeh, Oweisi, Spates, Taimour and Zebda. Based on the obtained results, it can be stated that, chlorophyll (a) concentration in the leaves was significantly differed among the cultivars throughout the whole sampling times, in this respect, Helmand one gave the highest one while, and the highest one by sampling times was November one. The concentration of chlorophyll (b) was significant as effected by the effect of cultivars and sampling time recorded the highest value by the cultivar of Spates and December sample, respectively. Total chlorophyll concentration in the leaves reached its peak by the cultivar of Nabeeh and sampling time of December as compared to others. The both of Ewais cultivar and the sample of March showed the highest values of carotenoids concentration in the leaves. The levels of anthocyanin in leaves were significantly differed as affected by the cultivars and sampling times, indicating that the cultivar of Helmand and November sample recorded the highest values of anthocyanin in leaves. The greatest reductions in Fv/Fmratio were recorded at month of November and indicated that the reductions were in the order of Alphonso˃ Mabrouka˃Taimour˃ others. The effect of sampling time, cultivars and their interaction on Fv/Fm were significant, but small between some values of Fv/Fm.

scholarly journals A Chlorophyll Fluorescence Screening Test to Evaluate Chilling Tolerance in Tomato

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Walker ◽  
Dale M. Smith ◽  
K. Peter Pauls ◽  
Bryan D. McKersie
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Chilling Tolerance ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicoides ◽  
Commercial Cultivars

The chilling tolerance of commercial Lycopersicon esculentum cultivars (H2653, H722), Solanum lycopersicoides, an F1 hybrid of S. lycopersicoides × Sub-Arctic Maxi, and 25 BC2F2 lines of L. hirsutum × H722 (backcrossed twice to H722) was evaluated using a chlorophyll fluorescence assay. The ratio of the initial to the peak fluorescence (Fo: Fp) measured from fully expanded leaves was chosen as an indicator of plant health. Chilling induced an increase in Fo: Fp that was correlated with the sensitivity of the plant to low-temperature stress. Values of Fo: Fp remained low for cold-treated S. lycopersicoides and the F1 hybrid, which showed few symptoms of chilling-related damage, whereas the commercial cultivars, which were essentially intolerant to low temperatures, had large increases in Fo: Fp. A full range of Fo: Fp values was measured in the 25 BC2F2 lines, indicating that some chilling tolerance from the L. hirsutum parent was expressed by plants in these populations.

Temperature response of dry matter accumulation, leaf photosynthesis, and chlorophyll fluorescence in an old and a new maize hybrid during early development

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tollenaar ◽  
M. Mihajlovic ◽  
A. Aguilera
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Leaf Photosynthesis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Low Temperature Tolerance

Studies were conducted to investigate whether genetic improvement in dry matter accumulation of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids recommended in Ontario from the late 1950s to the late 1980s is associated with cold-temperature tolerance during early phases of development. The maize hybrids Pride 5 (released in 1959) and Pioneer 3902 (released in 1988) were compared at 16/7, 23/14, and 33/24 °C under a 16-h photoperiod with a photosynthetic photon flux density of 650 μmol m−2 s−1 in long-term and short-term temperature experiments conducted in controlled-environment cabinets. In the long-term temperature experiment, plants were grown at the three temperature regimes from the 4- to the 12-leaf stage. Total and plant component dry matter was determined at the 8-, 10-, and 12-leaf stage, and leaf photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured at the 10-leaf stage. In the short-term temperature experiment, plants were exposed to the three temperature regimes during a 3-d period after the 9-leaf stage, followed by 2 d at 23/14 °C. Dry matter accumulation during the 5-d period was measured and leaf photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured during each of the last 3 d of the 5-d period. Results showed a highly significant temperature effect on all measured parameters. Dry matter of Pride 5 at the 10-leaf stage was higher than that of Pioneer 3902, but rates of dry matter accumulation and leaf photosynthesis did not differ among hybrids, and hybrid × temperature interactions were not significant for these parameters. Hybrid × temperature interactions were significant for dry matter partitioning and the fluorescence parameter Fv/Fm, suggesting better low-temperature tolerance for Pride 5. Results of the short-term temperature study showed a significant hybrid × temperature interaction for dry matter accumulation, with Pride 5 higher than Pioneer 3902 at the low temperature regime and Pride 5 lower than Pioneer 3902 at the high temperature regime. Results of these experiments suggest that improvement over the past 30 yr of Ontario maize hybrids is not associated with improved low-temperature tolerance during early development. Key words: Maize, low-temperature tolerance, dry matter accumulation, dry matter partitioning, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence

Chilling Injury in Mature Leaves of Rice. II. Varietal Differences in the Response to Interactions Between Low Temperature and Light Measured by Chlorophyll Fluorescence at 77k and the Quantum Yield of Photosynthesis

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
LK Huang ◽  
CB Osmond ◽  
I Terashima
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Co2 Exchange ◽  
Fluorescence Properties ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Detached Leaves

Characteristics of photosynthetic CO2 exchange and 77K chlorophyll fluorescence in attached and detached leaves of rice were used to examine differences between five varieties exposed to a combination of bright light and low temperature. Preliminary studies established that attached leaves of varieties did not differ in the light dependence of photosynthesis at CO2 saturation or fluorescence properties when grown in full sunlight and measured under comparable conditions. All varieties showed a depression in maximum photosynthetic rate, but not in quantum yield or chlorophyll fluorescence when examined in the late afternoon after a period of active photosynthesis in air at 25°C. Attached leaves of all varieties showed depression of the maximum rate of photosynthesis and of quantum yield as well as an increase in Fo and a decrease in Fv/Fm of chlorophyll fluorescence at 77K following horizontal exposure to bright light in air at 25°. Similar results were obtained with detached leaves exposed to bright light while floating on water at 25°C. The rate of photosynthetic CO2 fixation in air as a function of temperature was examined in attached leaves of two representative varieties, Japonica-like cv. Hungarian- 1, and Indica-derived cv. IR-8. The former was capable to rates of photosynthesis at 10°C which were twice those of the latter, although the rates at 25°C were similar in both varieties. When detached leaves of five varieties of rice were floated on water at 10°C while exposed to 700 �mol photons m-2 s-1 of white light, consistent differences in the response of quantum yield, light and CO2 saturated O2 evolion and 77K fluorescence properties were found. Exposure to bright light at low temperature exaggerated the effects of bright light on these parameters, and larger effects were found in the Indica-derived varieties than in Japonica-like cv. Hungarian-1. These treatments at 10°C did not influence the extent of increase in Fo, but led to a greater decline in Fv/Fm of 77K chlorophyll fluorescence compared with treatments at 25°C. Varieties in which there was a larger decline in Fv/Fm showed slower recovery of variable fluorescence in the dark at 25°C, and especially at 10°C. These responses to in vitro treatments seem capable of distinguishing varieties such as cvv. Hungarian-1 and Er Bai Ai, which are believed to be more chilling tolerant by other criteria, from chilling sensitive varieties such as Gui Chao-2 and IR-8. Even though there is potential for application of these methods in screening programs, there is little evidence that the lesions in primary photosynthetic processes indicated by these methods are significant determinants of photosynthesis under field conditions.

scholarly journals Nondestructive detection of low temperature induced stress on postharvest quality of kápia type sweet pepper

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Zsom ◽  
Viktória Zsom-Muha ◽  
Lien Phuong Le Nguyen ◽  
Dávid Nagy ◽  
Géza Hitka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Surface Color ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Storage Temperatures

AbstractApplication of cold storage temperatures below optimum induces a high risk and threat of chilling injury (CI) in the case of sensitive commodities. Sweet pepper belongs to this group of vegetables, so our main objective was to investigate and monitor the effect of non-optimal temperatures (2.5 and 5 °C) induced stress (chilling injury) on kápia type sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) during its postharvest storage by nondestructive quality measuring methods. Fresh, semi-matured (reddish-green colored) samples of ‘Kapitány F1’ cultivar were stored at 2.5, 5 and 10 °C for 7 d followed by 7 d shelf-life. Nondestructive texture measurements were carried out by a purpose built tabletop acoustic stiffness device. Surface color and chlorophyll content related quality indices were evaluated by a chroma meter, a DA-meter® and a chlorophyll fluorescence imaging system. High resolution digital pictures were captured and analyzed for possible CI defects by means of surface color values (normalized RGB, hue and saturation). According to our results, the evaluated quality indices (DA-index®, acoustic stiffness coefficient, surface color parameters; F0, Fm, Fv and Fv/Fm chlorophyll fluorescence parameters) clearly represented the temperature dependent quality changes during low temperature storage, subsequently followed by ambient shelf-life. Samples stored under and at 5 °C showed the chilling temperature stressed symptoms of delayed and partly retarded postharvest ripening, even under simulated shelf-life conditions, but without the onset and manifestation of the characteristic visible symptoms of chilling injury. This may raise doubts and suggest possible future research areas regarding the role of non-optimal cold storage temperatures induced stress, the effect of chilling injury contributing factors and consequences.

scholarly journals Limitation of photosynthetic processes in photosystem II in alpine mosses exposed to low temperatures: Response of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeray Folgar Cameán ◽  
Miloš Barták
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Low Temperature Stress ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Sphagnum Girgensohnii

In this study, we evaluated the effects of low and sub-zero temperature on the fast chlorophyll fluorescence transient (OJIP) and OJIP-derived parameters in 4 different mosses: Sphagnum girgensohnii, Polytrichum formosum, Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi. The low temperature stress was applied on the mosses for 90 min. at 3 different temperatures (5°C, -1°C and -10°C). To investigate the effects of this stress on the functioning of photosystem II (PS II), the chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were taken at control temperature (22°C) and, after a 90 min. acclimation period, at each experimental temperature. The shape of OJIP curves and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were found temperature-dependent in all the species. The mosses differed in their sensitivity to the stress but general trends in response to low temperature were similar. The results support the idea that S. girgensohnii is less resistant to low temperature stress than the other species. We were also interested in the K and L steps in OJIPs, representing different disorders caused by low temperature. The K-step was seen in P. formosum and P. schreberi and the L-step in H. splendens and S. girgensohnii.

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