scholarly journals Differences in leaf anatomy, photosynthesis, and photoprotective strategies in the yellow-green leaf mutant and wild type of Rosa beggeriana Schrenk

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1167-1177
Author(s):  
S.H. YANG ◽  
J.J. WEI ◽  
F. YAN ◽  
R.D. JIA ◽  
X. ZHAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Leaf Mutant

scholarly journals Physiological and transcriptomic characterization of a yellow-green leaf mutant of maize

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingchun Li ◽  
Huaying Yang ◽  
Yan Lu ◽  
Qing Dong ◽  
Guihu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Chlorophyll Metabolism ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Leaf Mutant ◽  
Photochemical Quantum Yield ◽  
Quantum Yield Of Psii

Abstract Background Chlorophylls, green pigments in chloroplasts, are essential for photosynthesis. Reduction in chlorophyll contents may result in retarded growth, dwarfism, and sterility. In this study, a yellow-green leaf mutant of maize, indicative of abnormity in chlorophyll contents, was identified. The physiological parameters of this mutant were measured. Next, global gene expression of this mutant was determined using transcriptome analysis and compared to that of wild-type maize plants. Results The yellow-green leaf mutant of maize was found to contain lower contents of chlorophyll a , chlorophyll b and carotenoid compounds. It contained fewer active PSII centers and displayed lower values of original chlorophyll fluorescence parameters than the wild-type plants. The real-time fluorescence yield, the electron transport rate, and the net photosynthetic rate of the mutant plants showed reduction as well. In contrast, the maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII of the mutant plants was similar to that of the wild-type plants. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of the mutant plants and wild-type plants led to the identification of differentially expressed1122 genes, of which 536 genes were up-regulated and 586 genes down-regulated in the mutant. Five genes in chlorophyll metabolism pathway, nine genes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and seven genes related to the conversion of sucrose to starch displayed down-regulated expression. In contrast, genes encoding a photosystem II reaction center PsbP family protein and the PGR5-like protein 1A (PGRL1A) exhibited increased transcript abundance. Conclusions The yellow-green leaf mutant of maize contained fewer active PSII centers with lowered net photosynthesis rate, but have the similar value of the maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII with that of the wild-type plants. Analysis of differentially expressed genes through transcriptome analysis revealed the down-regulated genes which may be responsible for chlorophyll deduction and changes of photosynthetic characteristics. The up-regulated genes would be helpful to maintain the active PSII centers of the yellow-green leaf mutant.

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes related to the physiological changes of yellow-green leaf mutant of maize

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10567
Author(s):  
Tingchun Li ◽  
Huaying Yang ◽  
Yan Lu ◽  
Qing Dong ◽  
Guihu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Comparative Transcriptome ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Chlorophyll Metabolism ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Leaf Mutant

Chlorophylls, green pigments in chloroplasts, are essential for photosynthesis. Reduction in chlorophyll content may result in retarded growth, dwarfism, and sterility. In this study, a yellow-green leaf mutant of maize, indicative of abnormity in chlorophyll content, was identified. The physiological parameters of this mutant were measured. Next, global gene expression of this mutant was determined using transcriptome analysis and compared to that of wild-type maize plants. The yellow-green leaf mutant of maize was found to contain lower contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid compounds. It contained fewer active PSII centers and displayed lower values of original chlorophyll fluorescence parameters than the wild-type plants. The real-time fluorescence yield, the electron transport rate, and the net photosynthetic rate of the mutant plants showed reduction as well. In contrast, the maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII of the mutant plants was similar to that of the wild-type plants. Comparative transcriptome analysis of the mutant plants and wild-type plants led to the identification of differentially expressed 1,122 genes, of which 536 genes were up-regulated and 586 genes down-regulated in the mutant. Five genes in the chlorophyll metabolism pathway, nine genes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and seven genes related to the conversion of sucrose to starch displayed down-regulated expression. In contrast, genes encoding a photosystem II reaction center PsbP family protein and the PGR5-like protein 1A (PGRL1A) exhibited increased transcript abundance.

520YS , Encoding an Ankyrin Repeat Protein, is Involved in Chloroplast Development in Rice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingrong Wang ◽  
Fuliang Xiao ◽  
San Wang ◽  
Jia Guo ◽  
Qingsong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Protein Translocation ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Ankyrin Repeat ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Plastid Differentiation ◽  
Mutant Type ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Leaf Mutant

Abstract BackgroundThe ankyrin repeat (ANK) proteins are widely distributed in organisms ranging from viruses to plants, which play key roles in plastid differentiation, embryogenesis, chloroplast biogenesis and so on. However, only a few ANK genes have been identified in rice.ResultsIn this study, we isolated a yellow-green leaf mutant, 520ys, from japonica rice cultivar Nipponbare through ethyl methane sulfonate mutagenesis. The mutant exhibited a yellow-green leaf phenotype throughout the life cycle, arrested development of chloroplasts, reduced levels of photosynthetic pigments, and accumulated reactive oxide species. Map-based cloning suggested that the candidate gene was LOC_Os07g33660, which encodes an expressed protein containing one ankyrin repeat and showing sequence similarity with the Arabidopsis LTD/GDC1 (At1g50900). Transgenic complementation experiment confirmed that LOC_Os07g33660 is the causal gene for the mutant type of 520ys. 520YS (LOC_Os07g33660) is mainly expressed in green tissues and its encoded protein is targeted to the chloroplast. In 520ys mutant, expression levels of four light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein translocation-related genes and eight photosynthesis-related genes were significantly down-regulated.ConclusionWe characterized a novel ANK gene, 520YS, which plays a key role in chloroplast development in rice.

scholarly journals Physiological and Transcriptome Analysis of a Yellow-Green Leaf Mutant in Birch (Betula platyphylla × B. Pendula)

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huixin Gang ◽  
Guifeng Liu ◽  
Su Chen ◽  
Jing Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Color Formation ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Leaf Mutant ◽  
Antenna Proteins ◽  
And Control ◽  
Chl Biosynthesis

Chlorophyll (Chl)-deficient mutants are ideal materials for the study of Chl biosynthesis, chloroplast development, and photosynthesis. Although the genes encoding key enzymes related to Chl biosynthesis have been well-characterized in herbaceous plants, rice (Oryza sativa L.), Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and maize (Zea mays L.), yellow-green leaf mutants have not yet been fully studied in tree species. In this work, we explored the molecular mechanism of the leaf color formation in a yellow-green leaf mutant (yl). We investigated the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between yl and control plants (wild type birch (WT) and BpCCR1 overexpression line 11, (C11)) by transcriptome sequencing. Approximately 1163 genes (874 down-regulated and 289 up-regulated) and 930 genes (755 down-regulated and 175 up-regulated) were found to be differentially expressed in yl compared with WT and C11, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis for DEGs revealed that photosynthesis antenna proteins represent the most significant enriched pathway. The expressions of photosynthesis antenna proteins are crucial to the leaf color formation in yl. We also found that Chl accumulate, leaf anatomical structure, photosynthesis, and growth were affected in yl. Taken together, our results not only provide the difference of phenomenal, physiological, and gene expression characteristics in leaves between yl mutant and control plants, but also provide a new insight into the mutation underlying the chlorotic leaf phenotype in birch.

scholarly journals RIMAPS and Varlogram Analysis of Barley Leaf Surfaces

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 24-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo A. Favret ◽  
Néstor O. Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Abaxial Side ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Barley Leaves ◽  
Leaf Mutant ◽  
Barley Leaf ◽  
Average Power Spectrum

It is a common practice to use microscopic images to describe the differences observed between plant tissues. The images illustrate the taxonomic characteristics of the studied species. In this work we introduce a quantitative method for conducting these analyses utilizing digitized images obtained via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of barley leaf surfaces. The topography of the leaf surfaces of a narrow-leaf mutant and its wild type mother line was characterized, see figure 1, using the Rotated Image with Maximum Average Power Spectrum (RIMAPS) technique and the Variogram method. Spectra resulting from RIMAPS analysis allow us to identify the specimens and to distinguish between the adaxial or the abaxial side of the leaf. These results are complemented by obtaining the typical scale lengths that characterize the abaxial surfaces of both the mutant and the mother line barley leaves.

scholarly journals Characterization and Candidate Gene Analysis of the Yellow-Green Leaf Mutant ygl16 in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Phyton ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 1103-1117
Author(s):  
Linjun Cai ◽  
Junhua Liu ◽  
Han Yun ◽  
Dan Du ◽  
Xiaolong Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Gene Analysis ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Candidate Gene Analysis ◽  
Leaf Mutant

scholarly journals A lil3 chlp double mutant with exclusive accumulation of geranylgeranyl chlorophyll displays a lethal phenotype in rice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunmei Li ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Jihong Pan ◽  
Jia Guo ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Mutant ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
Leaf Mutant

Abstract Background: Phytyl residues are the common side chains of chlorophyll (Chl) and tocopherols. Geranylgeranyl reductase (GGR), which is encoded by CHLP gene, is responsible for phytyl biosynthesis. The light-harvesting like protein LIL3 was suggested to be required for stability of GGR and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase in Arabidopsis. Results: In this study, we isolated a yellow-green leaf mutant, 637ys , in rice ( Oryza sativa ). The mutant accumulated majority of Chls with unsaturated geranylgeraniol side chains and displayed a yellow-green leaf phenotype through the whole growth period. The development of chloroplasts was suppressed, and the major agronomic traits, especially No. of productive panicles per plant and of spikelets per panicle, dramatically decreased in 637ys . Besides, the mutant exhibited to be sensitive to light intensity and deficiency of tocopherols without obvious alteration in tocotrienols in leaves and grains. Map-based cloning and complementation experiment demonstrated that a point mutation on the OsLIL3 gene accounted for the mutant phenotype of 637ys . OsLIL3 is mainly expressed in green tissues, and its encoded protein is targeted to the chloroplast. Furthermore, the 637ys 502ys ( lil3 chlp ) double mutant exclusively accumulated geranylgeranyl Chl and exhibited lethality at the three-leaf stage. Conclusions: We identified the OsLIL3 gene through a map-based cloning approach. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that OsLIL3 is of extreme importance to the function of OsGGR, and that the complete replacement of phytyl side chain of chlorophyll by geranylgeranyl chain could be fatal to plant survival in rice.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis and Gene Mapping of a Novel Yellow-Green Leaf Mutant in Rice

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1050-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu-Lan LI ◽  
Xiao-Qiu SUN ◽  
Ping-Rong WANG ◽  
Hui ZHOU ◽  
Xiao-Jian DENG
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Gene Mapping ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Leaf Mutant

scholarly journals A lil3 chlp double mutant with exclusive accumulation of geranylgeranyl chlorophyll displays a lethal phenotype in rice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunmei Li ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Jihong Pan ◽  
Jia Guo ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Mutant ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
Leaf Mutant

Abstract Background: Phytyl residues are the common side chains of chlorophyll (Chl) and tocopherols. Geranylgeranyl reductase (GGR), which is encoded by CHLP gene, is responsible for phytyl biosynthesis. The light-harvesting like protein LIL3 was suggested to be required for stability of GGR and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase in Arabidopsis. Results: In this study, we isolated a yellow-green leaf mutant, 637ys , in rice ( Oryza sativa ). The mutant accumulated majority of Chls with unsaturated geranylgeraniol side chains and displayed a yellow-green leaf phenotype through the whole growth period. The development of chloroplasts was suppressed, and the major agronomic traits, especially No. of productive panicles per plant and of spikelets per panicle, dramatically decreased in 637ys . Besides, the mutant exhibited to be sensitive to light intensity and deficiency of tocopherols without obvious alteration in tocotrienols in leaves and grains. Map-based cloning and complementation experiment demonstrated that a point mutation on the OsLIL3 gene accounted for the mutant phenotype of 637ys . OsLIL3 is mainly expressed in green tissues, and its encoded protein is targeted to the chloroplast. Furthermore, the 637ys 502ys ( lil3 chlp ) double mutant exclusively accumulated geranylgeranyl Chl and exhibited lethality at the three-leaf stage. Conclusions: We identified the OsLIL3 gene through a map-based cloning approach. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that OsLIL3 is of extreme importance to the function of OsGGR, and that the complete replacement of phytyl side chain of chlorophyll by geranylgeranyl chain could be fatal to plant survival in rice.

Plastid gene expression in a yellow-green leaf mutant of Petunia hybrida

Planta ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 157 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Colijn ◽  
J. N. M. Mol ◽  
A. J. Kool ◽  
H. J. J. Nijkamp
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Petunia Hybrida ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Plastid Gene ◽  
Plastid Gene Expression ◽  
Leaf Mutant
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