Light and temperature receptors and their convergence in plants

Yellow-bellied marmots, Marmota flaviventris, prepared with U-shaped thermodes in the epidural space of the thoracic vertebral canal, a thermode in the preoptic hypothalamus, and cortical surface and hippocampal electrodes, were used to investigate the interaction of arousal states with temperature regulation. It was found that arousal state of the animal influences the thermoregulatory responses initiated in either the spinal cord or hypothalamus. Further, changes in ambient temperature affected both the gain and the threshold of these responses. The interaction of the hypothalamus and spinal cord was not an additive function, however the threshold for shivering of each could be altered by temperature manipulation of the other. Future studies in modeling of temperature regulation should consider the contributions of temperature receptors of the spinal cord and the arousal state of the animal during the stimulation period.

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Temperature Sensitivity in the Prothoracic Ganglion of the Cockroach, Periplaneta Americana, and its relationship to Thermoregulation

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.105.1.305 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 105 (1) ◽

pp. 305-315

Author(s):

BERNARD F. MURPHY ◽

JAMES E. HEATH

Keyword(s):

Temperature Sensitivity ◽

Periplaneta Americana ◽

Acclimation Temperature ◽

Central Temperature ◽

Chill Coma ◽

Wide Range ◽

Prothoracic Ganglion ◽

The Mean ◽

Temperature Receptors ◽

Peripheral Temperature

1. Activity of neurones in the prothoracic ganglion of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana, recorded extracellularly, showed a wide range of temperature sensitivity. These responses were categorized by linear regression. 2. The regression lines with the greatest slopes are proposed to characterize central temperature receptors; warm units with lower slopes may be the result of nonspecific Q10 responses of ordinary neurones. 3. An overlap of regression lines from cells with high slopes occurs near the acclimation temperature of the animals; the regression lines of most of the warm-sensitive units reach zero firing rate near the mean chill-coma temperature (10.5°C) for this species. 4. The temperature selection by the whole animal in a temperature gradient shuttlebox was found to require central temperature receptors as well as the peripheral temperature receptors on either the antennae or tarsi. 5. Both neural and behavioural data indicate a greater sensitivity to heat than cold in cockroach thermoregulatory behaviour.

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Cutaneous Temperature Receptors

Annual Review of Physiology ◽

10.1146/annurev.ph.48.030186.003205 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 625-638 ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

D C Spray

Keyword(s):

Cutaneous Temperature ◽

Temperature Receptors

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Exercise- and Cold-Induced Asthma

Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1139/h95-023 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 300-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Gordon G. Giesbrecht ◽

Magdy Younes

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Late Phase ◽

Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽

Phase Response ◽

Epithelial Damage ◽

Airway Narrowing ◽

Respiratory Heat Loss ◽

Vascular Congestion ◽

Prostaglandin Release ◽

Temperature Receptors

Exercise- and cold-induced asthma are commonly recognized respiratory disorders. The asthmatic response includes several factors contributing to airway narrowing, and thus increased airway resistance. These include airway smooth muscle contraction, mucus accumulation, and bronchial vascular congestion as well as epithelial damage and vascular leakage. The etiology for these disorders is nonantigenic. The primary stimulus is probably a combination of airway cooling and drying (leading to hypertonicity of airway lining fluid). Symptoms generally do not occur during the stimulus period (e.g., exercise) itself. This protection may in part be due to increased catecholamine levels during exercise. The early phase response, which occurs 5 to 15 min poststimulus, may be mediated through a combination of (a) direct influences, (b) vagal reflexes triggered by airway sensory receptors, or (c) responses to mediator release. Spontaneous recovery occurs within 30 min to 2 hrs. There is usually a refractory period of about 1 to 2 hrs during which responses to further stimuli are attenuated. This may be due to depletion of histamine and other mediators. As well, prostaglandin release (mediated via LTD4 which is released during exercise) inhibits further airway narrowing. A late phase response has been reported 4 to 10 hrs poststimulus in some patients. These reactions are accompanied by a second release of histamine and other mediators that cause inflammatory responses and epithelial damage. However, the exercise dependence of this response is debated. Key words: respiratory heat loss, hyper osmolarity, pulmonary receptors, temperature receptors, inflammation, epithelial damage

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Responses to Temperatures of Different Drosophila Species

10.1101/2021.10.01.462748 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ainul Huda ◽

Thomas J. Vaden ◽

Alisa A. Omelchenko ◽

Allison N. Castaneda ◽

Lina Ni

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Environmental Variable ◽

Cool Temperature ◽

Wild Type ◽

Warm Temperature ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Survival And Reproduction ◽

Temperature Preferences ◽

Summary Statement ◽

Temperature Receptors

AbstractTemperature is a critical environmental variable that affects the distribution, survival, and reproduction of most animals. Although temperature receptors have been identified in different animals, how these receptors respond to temperatures is largely unknown. Here we use modified single-fly thermotactic assays to analyze movements and temperature preferences of nine Drosophila species. The ability/inclination to move varies among these species and at different temperatures. Importantly, different species prefer various ranges of temperatures. While wild-type D. melanogaster flies avoid the warm temperature in the warm avoidance assay and the cool temperature in the cool avoidance assay, D. bipectinata and D. yakuba avoid neither warm nor cool temperatures and D. biarmipes and D. mojavensis do not avoid the warm temperature in the warm avoidance assay. These results demonstrate that Drosophila species have different mobilities and temperature preferences, thereby benefiting the research on molecular mechanisms of temperature responsiveness.Summary statementThe ability to move and the preference for temperatures vary among fly species when flies are exposed to steep temperature gradients.

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