scholarly journals Brief Note: Reactive oxygen species in bovine embryo in vitro production

BIOCELL ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.C. DALVIT ◽  
P.D. CETICA ◽  
L.N. PINTOS ◽  
M.T. BECONI
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Vitro Production

Reduced levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species and apoptotic status are not correlated with increases in cryotolerance of bovine embryos produced in vitro in the presence of antioxidants

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathália A. S. Rocha-Frigoni ◽  
Beatriz C. S. Leão ◽  
Ériklis Nogueira ◽  
Mônica F. Accorsi ◽  
Gisele Z. Mingoti
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Intracellular Ros

The effects of intracellular (cysteine and β-mercaptoethanol) and extracellular (catalase) antioxidant supplementation at different times during in vitro production (IVM and/or in vitro culture (IVC)) on bovine embryo development, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, apoptosis and re-expansion rates after a vitrification–thawing process were examined. Blastocyst frequencies were not affected by either antioxidant supplementation (40.5%–56.4%) or the timing of supplementation (41.7%–55.4%) compared with control (48.7%; P > 0.05). Similarly, antioxidants and the moment of supplementation did not affect (P > 0.05) the total number of blastomeres (86.2–90.5 and 84.4–90.5, respectively) compared with control (85.7). However, the percentage of apoptotic cells was reduced (P < 0.05) in groups supplemented during IVM (1.7%), IVC (2.0%) or both (1.8%) compared with control (4.3%). Intracellular ROS levels measured in Day 7 blastocysts were reduced (P < 0.05) in all groups (0.60–0.78), with the exception of the group supplemented with β-mercaptoethanol during IVC (0.88), which did not differ (P > 0.05) from that in the control group (1.00). Re-expansion rates were not affected (P > 0.05) by the treatments (50.0%–93.0%). In conclusion, antioxidant supplementation during IVM and/or IVC reduces intracellular ROS and the rate of apoptosis; however, supplementation does not increase embryonic development and survival after vitrification.

A liquid perfluorochemical decreases the in vitro production of reactive oxygen species by alveolar macrophages

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1533-1539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara M. Smith ◽  
David M. Steinhorn ◽  
Kuldip Thusu ◽  
Bradley P. Fuhrman ◽  
Paresh Dandona
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Vitro Production

In vitro production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by sampangine

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1170-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid R. Nasiri ◽  
Katharina Hohmann ◽  
Melissa G. Hatemler ◽  
Alois Plodek ◽  
Franz Bracher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Vitro Production

78 SUPPLEMENTATION WITH CARNOSINE DURING IN VITRO CULTURE IMPROVES THE QUALITY OF IN VITRO-PRODUCED BOVINE EMBRYOS

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
D. Le Bourhis ◽  
M. Verachten ◽  
P. Salvetti ◽  
M. Hochet ◽  
L. Schibler
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cleavage Rate ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Blastocyst Rate

The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of supplementation of culture medium with carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine; Sigma, St-Quentin Fallavier, France), a reactive oxygen species scavenger, on in vitro bovine embryo development and survival following cryopreservation. Abattoir-derived bovine oocytes (4 replicates) were in vitro matured and fertilized with frozen-thawed semen of one bull, according to our standard procedures. In Experiment 1, 20 h after IVF, groups of presumptive zygotes were cultured in 30 μL of SOF BSAaa + 1% oestrus cow serum with 0 (control; n = 205) or 5 μg mL−1 of carnosine (n = 209) under humidified air with 5% CO2, 5% O2, and 88% N2. Cleavage rates were determined on Day 2, and the blastocyst rates and grade were assessed on Day 7 according to IETS classification. Day 7 grade 1 expanded blastocysts (n = 25 control and n = 27 carnosine) were frozen in 1.5 M ethylene glycol + 0.1 M sucrose. Embryos were thawed and then cultured for 72 h in SOF-BSAaa + 1% oestrus cow serum for re-expansion and hatching rate assessments at +24 h, +48 h, and +72 h post-thawing. In Experiment 2, presumed zygotes were cultured in SOF BSAaa + 1% oestrus cow serum with 0 (control; n = 48) or 5 μg mL−1 of carnosine (n = 48) in a WOW dish and observed with Time Laps Cinematography (Primo Vision®, VitroLife, Göteborg, Sweden). Images were recorded every 15 min for up to 168 h post-insemination. For embryos that reached the blastocyst stage, mean timing of the first cleavage (C1; 2-cell stage), second cleavage (C2; 4-cell stage), second cleavage to compaction (C3), and blastocoel cavity appearance (B4) were recorded. Chi-square test for Experiment 1 and Student’s t-test for Experiment 2 were used, and differences were considered significant at P < 0.05. In Experiment 1, no differences were observed in cleavage rate, blastocyst rate on Day 7, and grade 1 blastocyst rate between both control and carnosine groups (84.0 ± 4.2 v.85.2 ± 3.8, P = 0.7; 46.9 ± 7.1 v. 45.0 ± 7.5, P = 0.7; 24.1 ± 2.0 v. 24.0 ± 6.5, P = 0.6; respectively). After thawing, the re-expansion at +24 h was not different between groups (74.1 v. 48.0% for carnosine and control groups, respectively; P = 0.06). However, at +48 h and +72 h, the survival rate of carnosine treated blastocysts was significantly higher than that of blastocysts in the control group: 70.4 ± 4.5% v. 40.0 ± 3.8% and 59.3 ± 3.8% v. 24.0 ± 3.6%, respectively. Results from Experiment 2 indicated no difference between control and carnosine groups for C1 (32.1 ± 3.9 v. 33.8 ± 6.1; P = 0.3), C2 (8.2 ± 8.9 v. 8.9 ± 0.9; P = 0.07), and B4 (147.0 ± 9.5 v. 145.4 ± 11.6; P = 0.6), whereas C3 was significantly different within groups: 59.9 ± 9.6 v. 51.8 ± 6.7 (P = 0.008). In conclusion, bovine blastocysts derived from zygotes cultured in the presence of 5 μg mL−1 carnosine possess a significantly faster kinetic from 4-cell stage to compaction and show a higher post-thawing viability. However, further analyses are still needed to clarify the relationship between the reactive oxygen species intracellular levels after carnosine treatment and in vitro bovine embryo quality. This work was supported by FECUND European project (grant agreement number 312097).

scholarly journals PSI-21 The effects of kuromanin supplementation during oocyte maturation on the in vitro production of pig embryos

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 242-243
Author(s):  
Miranda Mentler ◽  
Emma Hicks ◽  
Brian D Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Blastocyst Development ◽  
Pronuclear Formation

Abstract The imbalance of reactive oxygen species levels and antioxidants impact oocyte matruation. Elderberries (Sambucus sp.) have been identified as possessing the ability to alleviate oxidative stress. An antioxidant class found in elderberry is anthocyanidin, which includes kuromanin. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of kuromanin supplementation to the media during oocyte maturation. Oocytes (n = 692, r=3) were supplemented with 100 or 200 μM kuromanin during 40-44 h of maturation and then evaluated at the end of maturation for the formation of reactive oxygen species, fertilization characteristics, and rates of embryonic cleavage and blastocyst development at 48 h and 144 h after IVF, respectively. There were no significant differences between no kuromanin supplementation and 100 μM kuromanin supplementation when comparing reactive oxygen species generation at the end of oocyte maturation. Supplementation of 200 μM kuromanin significantly increased (P < 0.05) reactive oxygen species generation in oocytes compared to the other groups. There were no significant differences between no kuromanin supplementation and 100 μM kuromanin supplementation when comparing penetration and polyspermic penetration rates and male pronuclear formation. Supplementation of 200 μM kuromanin significantly decreased (P < 0.05) penetration and polyspermic penetration rates and male pronuclear formation compared to the other groups. There were no significant differences between no kuromanin supplementation and 100 μM kuromanin supplementation when comparing the percentage of cleaved embryos by 48 h after IVF and the percentage of those reaching the blastocyst stage by 144 h after IVF. Supplementation of 200 μM kuromanin significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the cleavage rates by 48 h after IVF and the blastocyst formation rates by 144 h after IVF compared to all other treatment groups. These results indicate that supplementing 200 μM kuromanin is detrimental to oocyte maturation and lower levels (100 μM) do not have a significant effect compared to not supplementing the oocytes when evaluating in vitro fertilization and early embryonic development characteristics.

scholarly journals PSI-22 The effects of cyanidin supplementation during oocyte maturation on the in vitro production of pig embryos

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 243-243
Author(s):  
Emma Hicks ◽  
Miranda Mentler ◽  
Brian D Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Media ◽  
Pronuclear Formation

Abstract Oxidative stress has a negative effect on embryonic development during the in vitro production of pig embryos. The imbalance of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants impact oocyte maturation. Berries from the elder plant (Sambucus sp.) have been identified as containing high levels of a broad spectrum of antioxidants. One of the predominant antioxidant classes of compounds found in elderberry extract is anthocyanin, which includes the antioxidant cyanidin. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of cyanidin supplementation to the media during oocyte maturation. Oocytes (n = 815, r=3) were supplemented with 100 or 200 μM cyanidin during 40–44 h of maturation and then evaluated at the end of maturation for the formation of reactive oxygen species, fertilization characteristics, and rates of embryonic cleavage and blastocyst development at 48 h and 144 h after IVF, respectively. There were no significant differences between no cyanidin supplementation and 200 μM cyanidin supplementation when comparing reactive oxygen species generation at the end of oocyte maturation. Supplementation of 100 μM cyanidin significantly decreased (P < 0.05) reactive oxygen species generation in oocytes compared to the other groups. There were no significant differences between no cyanidin supplementation and 200 μM cyanidin supplementation when comparing penetration and polyspermic penetration rates and male pronuclear formation. Supplementation of 100 μM cyanidin significantly decreased (P < 0.05) polyspermic penetration rates and significantly increased (P < 0.05) male pronuclear formation rates compared to the other groups. There were no significant differences between the treatment groups when comparing the percentage of cleaved embryos by 48 h after IVF. Supplementation of 100 μM cyanidin significantly increased (P < 0.05) the blastocyst formation rates by 144 h after IVF compared to all other treatment groups. These results indicate that supplementing 100 μM cyanidin to the media during oocyte maturation reduces reactive oxygen species formation and improves in vitro fertilization and early embryonic development in pigs.

scholarly journals The Effects of Bioactive Compounds from Blueberry and Blackcurrant Powder on Oat Bran Pastes: Enhancing In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Reducing Reactive Oxygen Species in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Raw264.7 Macrophages

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 388
Author(s):  
Xiao Dan Hui ◽  
Gang Wu ◽  
Duo Han ◽  
Xi Gong ◽  
Xi Yang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Oat Bran

In this study, blueberry and blackcurrant powder were chosen as the phenolic-rich enrichments for oat bran. A Rapid Visco Analyser was used to form blueberry and blackcurrant enriched oat pastes. An in vitro digestion process evaluated the changes of phenolic compounds and the in vitro antioxidant potential of extracts of pastes. The anthocyanidin profiles in the extracts were characterised by the pH differential method. The results showed that blueberry and blackcurrant powder significantly increased the content of phenolic compounds and the in vitro antioxidant capacity of pastes, while the total flavonoid content decreased after digestion compared to the undigested samples. Strong correlations between these bioactive compounds and antioxidant values were observed. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were used to investigate the intracellular antioxidant activity of the extracts from the digested oat bran paste with 25% enrichment of blueberry or blackcurrant powder. The results indicated that the extracts of digested pastes prevented the macrophages from experiencing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation, mainly by the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling pathway. These findings suggest that the bioactive ingredients from blueberry and blackcurrant powder enhanced the in vitro and intracellular antioxidant capacity of oat bran pastes, and these enriched pastes have the potential to be utilised in the development of the functional foods.

scholarly journals Targeting autophagy enhances atezolizumab-induced mitochondria-related apoptosis in osteosarcoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuochao Liu ◽  
Hongyi Wang ◽  
Chuanzhen Hu ◽  
Chuanlong Wu ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antitumor Immunity ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Specific Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cells ◽  
Jnk Pathway ◽  
In Vivo Experiments

AbstractIn this study, we identified the multifaceted effects of atezolizumab, a specific monoclonal antibody against PD-L1, in tumor suppression except for restoring antitumor immunity, and investigated the promising ways to improve its efficacy. Atezolizumab could inhibit the proliferation and induce immune-independent apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. With further exploration, we found that atezolizumab could impair mitochondria of osteosarcoma cells, resulting in increased release of reactive oxygen species and cytochrome-c, eventually leading to mitochondrial-related apoptosis via activating JNK pathway. Nevertheless, the excessive release of reactive oxygen species also activated the protective autophagy of osteosarcoma cells. Therefore, when we combined atezolizumab with autophagy inhibitors, the cytotoxic effect of atezolizumab on osteosarcoma cells was significantly enhanced in vitro. Further in vivo experiments also confirmed that atezolizumab combined with chloroquine achieved the most significant antitumor effect. Taken together, our study indicates that atezolizumab can induce mitochondrial-related apoptosis and protective autophagy independently of the immune system, and targeting autophagy is a promising combinatorial approach to amplify its cytotoxicity.

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