scholarly journals Short-term regular moderate exercise improved male hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis function via the reduction of hypothalamic neurokinin B expression in adult rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-177
Author(s):  
Nazli Khajehnasiri ◽  
◽  
Homayoun Khazali ◽  
Farzam Sheikhzadeh Hesari, ◽  
Hamid Reza Sadeghnia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Neurokinin B ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Hpg Axis ◽  
Intensive Exercise ◽  
Reproductive Axis ◽  
Gnrh Neurons

Introduction: In the arcuate nucleus, kisspeptin, neurokinin-B and pro-dynorphin (KNDy) neurons control the function of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. Early investigations indicated that exercise with various intensities affects luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) in different ways. Meanwhile the molecular mechanisms underlying its function not yet been fully understood. Accordingly, the present study evaluated the role of alterations in the levels of KNDy mRNA upstream of GnRH neurons in conveying the effects of various short-term exercise intensities on the male hypothermic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Methods: Twenty-one adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control, one-month regular moderate exercise (ME) and one-month regular intensive exercise (IE). In ME (22m/min) and IE (35m/min) groups, the rats were treated 5 days a week for 60min each day. Finally, we assessed serum levels of LH and T using the ELIZA technique and KNDy and Gnrh mRNA expression by the real-time PCR method. Results: The results revealed that in ME group the expression of Nkb was reduced and the expression of Gnrh mRNA and the LH and T serum levels were increased. However, intensive exercise did not change the serum levels of LH and T or the relative expression of kiss1, Nkb, Pdyn and Gnrh genes. Conclusion: The results suggested that monthly moderate exercise improved male reproductive axis function, while intensive exercise did not have an adverse effect on the reproductive axis. These various effects on the male HPG axis may be propagated by the change in hypothalamic Nkb gene expression.

scholarly journals Role for Kisspeptin and Neurokinin B in Regulation of Luteinizing Hormone and Testosterone Secretion in the Fetal Sheep

Endocrinology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 161 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecka Amodei ◽  
Kyle Gribbin ◽  
Wen He ◽  
Isa Lindgren ◽  
Keely R Corder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Neurokinin B ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Hpg Axis ◽  
Reproductive Axis ◽  
Ovine Fetus ◽  
Lh Release ◽  
Kndy Neurons

Abstract Evidence suggests that the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis is active during the critical period for sexual differentiation of the ovine sexually dimorphic nucleus, which occurs between gestational day (GD) 60 and 90. Two possible neuropeptides that could activate the fetal HPG axis are kisspeptin and neurokinin B (NKB). We used GD85 fetal lambs to determine whether intravenous administration of kisspeptin-10 (KP-10) or senktide (NKB agonist) could elicit luteinizing hormone (LH) release. Immunohistochemistry and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) were employed to localize these peptides in brains of GD60 and GD85 lamb fetuses. In anesthetized fetuses, KP-10 elicited robust release of LH that was accompanied by a delayed rise in serum testosterone in males. Pretreatment with the GnRH receptor antagonist (acyline) abolished the LH response to KP-10, confirming a hypothalamic site of action. In unanesthetized fetuses, senktide, as well as KP-10, elicited LH release. The senktide response of females was greater than that of males, indicating a difference in NKB sensitivity between sexes. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone also induced a greater LH discharge in females than in males, indicating that testosterone negative feedback is mediated through pituitary gonadotrophs. Kisspeptin and NKB immunoreactive cells in the arcuate nucleus were more abundant in females than in males. Greater than 85% of arcuate kisspeptin cells costained for NKB. FISH revealed that the majority of these were kisspeptin/NKB/dynorphin (KNDy) neurons. These results support the hypothesis that kisspeptin–GnRH signaling regulates the reproductive axis of the ovine fetus during the prenatal critical period acting to maintain a stable androgen milieu necessary for brain masculinization.

Compensatory growth of pancreatic beta-cells in adult rats after short-term glucose infusion

Diabetes ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bonner-Weir ◽  
D. Deery ◽  
J. L. Leahy ◽  
G. C. Weir
Keyword(s):  
Beta Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Adult Rats

scholarly journals Baicalin Attenuates High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Liver Dysfunction: Dose-Response and Potential Role of CaMKKβ/AMPK/ACC Pathway

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 2349-2359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youli Xi ◽  
Miaozong Wu ◽  
Hongxia Li ◽  
Siqi Dong ◽  
Erfei Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Dependent Protein

Background/Aims: Obesity-associated fatty liver disease affects millions of individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of baicalin to treat obesity and fatty liver in high fat diet-induced obese mice, and to study the potential molecular mechanisms. Methods: High fat diet-induced obese animals were treated with different doses of baicalin (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/d). Whole body, fat pad and liver were weighed. Hyperlipidemia, liver steatosis, liver function, and hepatic Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) / AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) / acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) were further evaluated. Results: Baicalin significantly decreased liver, epididymal fat and body weights in high fat diet-fed mice, which were associated with decreased serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase, but increased serum HDL level. Pathological analysis revealed baicalin dose-dependently decreased the degree of hepatic steatosis, with predominantly diminished macrovesicular steatosis at lower dose but both macrovesicular and microvesicular steatoses at higher dose of baicalin. Baicalin dose-dependently inhibited hepatic CaMKKβ/AMPK/ACC pathway. Conclusion: These data suggest that baicalin up to 400 mg/kg/d is safe and able to decrease the degree of obesity and fatty liver diseases. Hepatic CaMKKβ/AMPK/ACC pathway may mediate the therapeutic effects of baicalin in high fat diet animal model.

Cyclosporine increases ischemia-induced endothelial progenitor cell mobilization through manipulation of the CD26 system

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (3) ◽  
pp. R811-R818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Hung Wang ◽  
Wen-Jin Cherng ◽  
Ning-I Yang ◽  
Chia-Ming Hsu ◽  
Chi-Hsiao Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Dpp Iv ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cell Mobilization

Cyclosporin A (CsA) improves the success rate of transplantation. The CD26/dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV) system plays a critical role in mobilizing endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from bone marrow. This study investigated whether CsA manipulates CD26/DPP IV activity and increases EPC mobilization. C57BL/6 mice were divided into control and CsA-treated groups. Before and after hindlimb ischemia was induced, circulating EPC number and serum levels of different cytokines were measured. Compared with the controls, CsA treatment significantly increased the blood levels of stroma-derived factor-1α and stem cell factor after ischemic stress ( P < 0.001). The CsA group displayed a significant increase in the number of circulating EPCs (sca-1+KDR+ and c-kit+CD31+ EPCs, both P < 0.05). In vivo, CsA caused a significant increase in the numbers of EPCs incorporated into the Matrigel and ischemic limbs ( P < 0.05). In the peripheral blood, CsA significantly decreased CD26+ cell numbers and attenuated the plasma CD26/DPP IV activity ( P < 0.001). Furthermore, short-term CsA treatment significantly improved the perfusion of ischemic limbs and decreased the spontaneous digital amputation rate. In summary, CsA manipulates the mobilization of EPCs into the circulation via the CD26/DPP IV system. Short-term CsA treatment has beneficial effects on angiogenesis of ischemic tissues.

Abstract 1742: Expression of the Anti-Angiogenic Proteins Angiostatin and Endostatin is Increased in Diabetic Patients and Associated with Impaired Coronary Collateral Formation

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neel R Sodha ◽  
Munir Boodhwani ◽  
Richard T Clements ◽  
Shu-Hua Xu ◽  
Roger L Laham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Angiogenic Therapy ◽  
Collagen Xviii ◽  
Mmp9 Expression ◽  
Angiogenic Proteins ◽  
Incomplete Revascularization ◽  
Artery Disease

Introduction: Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of mortality in diabetics. Due to the diffuse nature of their disease, diabetics may be at risk for incomplete revascularization, highlighting a potential role for pro-angiogenic therapy in this group. This study investigates molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis in diabetics. Methods: Myocardial tissue was harvested from patients undergoing CABG (non-diabetic (ND) 11, type 2 diabetic (DM) 10). Expression of angiostatin, endostatin, their precursors (plasminogen and collagen XVIII, respectively), enzymes leading to their production (Matrix Metalloprotease (MMP) 2 & 9), and an inhibitor of MMPs (TIMP2) was assessed with western blotting. MMP activity was assessed. Serum levels of angiostatin and endostatin were assayed. Coronary collateralization was graded by Rentrop scoring of angiograms. Results: Plasminogen and collagen XVIII expression were similar between groups. Angiostatin expression trended to increase 1.24-fold (p=0.07) and endostatin expression increased 2.02-fold in DM patients relative to ND (p=0.02). Serum angiostatin was 2.68-fold higher (p=0.03) and endostatin 1.39-fold higher (p=0.04) in diabetics. MMP9 expression was no different between groups, whereas MMP2 expression decreased 1.8-fold in diabetics (p=0.003). MMP2 & 9 activity decreased 1.33-fold (p=0.03) and 1.57-fold (p=0.04), respectively, in diabetics. Coronary collateralization scores were ND 2.1 ± 0.37 vs. DM 1.0 ± 0.4 (p=0.05). Myocardial endostatin expression correlated strongly with %HbA1c (R=0.742, p=0.0001). Myocardial expression of angiostatin and endostatin demonstrated significant negative linear correlations with coronary collateralization (angiostatin R=−0.531, p=0.035, endostatin R=−0.794, p=0.0002). Conclusion: Diabetics exhibit increased levels of the anti-angiogenic proteins angiostatin and endostatin and differential regulation of the enzymes governing their production relative to non-diabetics. Myocardial levels of these proteins show significant correlation to coronary collateralization. These findings offer potential new therapeutic targets for enhancing pro-angiogenic therapy and insight in to the angiogenic impairments seen in diabetes.

Cholestasis Alters miR-34c-5p Expression in the Testes of Male Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Hasani Fard ◽  
Hanieh Jalali ◽  
Homa Mohseni Kouchesfehani
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
Duct Ligation ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background: Cholestasis is a pathophysiological condition, significantly reducing spermatozoa production. MiR-34c is highly expressed in adult male testicles and controls different stages of spermatogenesis. Objectives: Here, we aimed to investigate miR-34c expression in the testes of rat models of cholestasis. The expressions of THY-1, FGF-2, and CASP-3 genes, that are targeted by mirR-34c were also investigated. Methods: Cholestasis was induced in six adult rats via bile duct ligation. Four weeks after cholestasis induction, sera and testicular tissues were collected for further examinations. The levels of liver enzymes were measured using the ELISA. The structure of the testes was evaluated by histological examination. Total RNA was extracted from testes using a special kit and converted to cDNA. The expressions of miR-34c-5p, THY-1, FGF-2, and CASP-3 genes were determined by Real-Time PCR. Results: The serum levels of ALP, AST, and ALT were significantly elevated in the rat models of cholestasis (P < 0.001). Real-Time PCR revealed that the expressions of miR-34c-5p, THY-1, and FGF-2 genes decreased while CASP-3 gene was upregulated in the testes of cholestatic animals (all differences were significant at P < 0.05). Conclusions: Our study indicated that cholestasis was associated with reduced expression of miR-34c and altered expression of its target genes in the testis. Our results highlight the potential effects of cholestasis, a hepatobiliary disease, on testicular tissue function and male fertility.

Effect of exercise on the development of osteoporosis in adult rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Myburgh ◽  
T. D. Noakes ◽  
M. Roodt ◽  
F. S. Hough
Keyword(s):  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Urinary Hydroxyproline ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Normal Bone ◽  
High Turnover Osteoporosis ◽  
Long Evans

The role of moderate exercise in the prevention of high-turnover osteoporosis was investigated by the use of an animal model. The effect of chronic training on gravimetric, mineral, physical, and histological parameters of normal bone was also examined. Fifty-six adult female Long-Evans rats were divided into four groups: sedentary (C) and exercising controls (E) and sedentary (O) and exercising osteoporotics (EO). Exercising animals ran 4 h/wk for 1 yr. Two percent NH4Cl added to drinking water induced osteoporosis as shown by significantly lower femoral density and breaking strength and histomorphometrically quantified tibial trabecular bone volume but a normal mineral-to-matrix ratio in the O rats. The development of high-turnover osteoporosis in O rats was confirmed by significantly higher alkaline phosphatase activity (P less than 0.05), urinary hydroxyproline content (P less than 0.01), resorption surfaces (P less than 0.01), and histological parameters of bone formation (P less than 0.01). Exercise prevented all these biochemical, biophysical, and histological abnormalities in the EO group. Exercise had no influence on the density of normal femurs but tended to increase their breaking strength (by 11%) compared with femurs of C rats (P = 0.11).

Short-Term Exposure to Enriched Environment in Adult Rats Restores MK-801-Induced Cognitive Deficits and GABAergic Interneuron Immunoreactivity Loss

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ane Murueta-Goyena ◽  
Naiara Ortuzar ◽  
Pascual Ángel Gargiulo ◽  
José Vicente Lafuente ◽  
Harkaitz Bengoetxea
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Enriched Environment ◽  
Gabaergic Interneuron ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Mk 801 ◽  
Short Term Exposure

scholarly journals Altered Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity in Mice Lacking the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor mGlu7

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 730-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor J. Bushell ◽  
Gilles Sansig ◽  
Valerie J. Collett ◽  
Herman van der Putten ◽  
Graham L. Collingridge
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate ◽  
Term Potentiation ◽  
Commissural Pathway ◽  
Frequency Facilitation

Eight subtypes of metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors have been identified of which two, mGlu5 and mGlu7, are highly expressed at synapses made between CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus. This input, the Schaffer collateral-commissural pathway, displays robust long-term potentiation (LTP), a process believed to utilise molecular mechanisms that are key processes involved in the synaptic basis of learning and memory. To investigate the possible function in LTP of mGlu7 receptors, a subtype for which no specific antagonists exist, we generated a mouse lacking this receptor, by homologous recombination. We found that LTP could be induced in mGlu7-/- mice and that once the potentiation had reached a stable level there was no difference in the magnitude of LTP between mGlu7-/- mice and their littermate controls. However, the initial decremental phase of LTP, known as short-term potentiation (STP), was greatly attenuated in the mGlu7-/- mouse. In addition, there was less frequency facilitation during, and less post-tetanic potentiation following, a high frequency train in the mGlu7-/- mouse. These results show that the absence of mGlu7 receptors results in alterations in short-term synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document