scholarly journals Proton pump inhibitors in Iranian population: from clinical regimens to pharmacogenomics

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 230-249
Author(s):  
Kowsar Bagherzadeh ◽  
◽  
Sepideh Safari ◽  
Massoud Amanlou ◽  
Manijeh Motevalian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Iranian Population ◽  
Clinical Experiences ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Inappropriate Drugs ◽  
Recent Addition ◽  
Frequent Heartburn

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the highly prescribed or over-the-counter available medications among Iranians, mainly to treat conditions such as helicobacter pylori infection, gastroesophageal reflux disease or frequent heartburn. In recent years, several reports have shown potential adverse effects of PPI administration among which cardiovascular adverse events, myocardial infarction and chronic kidney disease are considered as the greatest risks. Recent addition of proton pump inhibitors to the list of medications on Beers Criteria of Potentially Inappropriate Drugs has arisen significant concerns about their safety. This review aims at providing an up-to date overview of PPIs indications and their pharmacogenomics and pharmacokinetics in Iranian population. The focus of this review is on PPIs regimens in Iranian population and then it is compared with the reported studies performed on other ethnic groups around the world. An extensive review of the literature was carried out and data under various sections were identified using a computerized literature search via Pubmed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and some local search engines. All abstracts and full text articles were examined and most relevant papers were selected for inclusion in this review. Also several expert internalists were interviewed for their clinical experiences in this field.

scholarly journals Proton Pump Inhibitors and Pain

2009 ◽  
Vol 6;12 (6;12) ◽  
pp. 1013-1023
Author(s):  
Howard Smith
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitor ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Syndrome Patient ◽  
Restless Leg Syndrome ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Low Serum

There may be a relationship between proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and iron absorption. PPIs may decrease the amount of iron absorbed gastrointestinally specifically due to alteration of the pH in the duodenum. Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sensorimotor disorder that includes an urge to move legs, accompanied or caused by uncomfortable and unpleasant sensations in the legs; the urge to move begins or worsens during periods of rest or inactivity, the urge to move is partially or totally relieved by movement, and the urge is worse or only occurs at night. In the majority of the restless leg syndrome population, the sensation is deep seated, often described as being in the shin bones, and most commonly felt between the knee and ankle. It may be described as a creepy, shock-like, tense, electric, buzzing, itchy, or even numb sensation. A subpopulation of this restless leg syndrome patient population experiences restless leg syndrome associated pain (RLSAP) that has been described as a deep “achy pain.” This pain has not been found to be relieved by many of the typical over the counter analgesics. Often, constant movement of the legs appears to be the only remedy, as these sensations usually appear during periods of rest. Furthermore, there appears to be an association between iron deficiency and those suffering from Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS). The authors theorize that there may be a possible correlation between PPIs and the symptoms (e.g. pain) associated with RLS. The authors propose that PPIs, such as omeprazole, may interfere with iron absorption in certain patients and that a subpopulation of patients who develop significant iron deficiency characterized by low serum ferritin levels while on PPIs may also develop RLS-like symptoms (including RLSAP). While there is no robust direct evidence to support any associations of PPIs and iron deficiency or PPIs associated with RLS-like symptoms (including RLSAP), it is hoped that this manuscript may spark research efforts on this issue. Key words: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI), Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS), iron deficiency, pain, iron absorption, Restless Leg Syndrome Associated Pain (RLSAP)

scholarly journals Possible Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors on Hearing Loss Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Michał Wiciński ◽  
Bartosz Malinowski ◽  
Oskar Puk ◽  
Karol Górski ◽  
Dawid Adamkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
The Impact

For their being considered safe and as over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are one of the most frequently used medicines nowadays. However, for the last couple of years, many researches analyzing PPI were conducted and these studies shed light on PPI side effects and mechanisms of these processes. Particularly, interesting is the impact of PPI on hearing loss development. However, this side effect seems to be local and its mechanisms are complex and systemic and involve changes in the whole body. This paper summarizes how through, inter alia, alterations in circulatory system, respiratory system, central nervous system, and metabolic changes PPI can cause hearing impairment, which can occur at every age and is connected with long-term use of this group of drugs. Another important finding is the role of PPI in acceleration of presbycusis development which is disturbing with regard to the fact that elders are the group who most frequently use PPI in the long term. Hearing loss is the factor which gravely decreases life quality, especially among elders who are the most afflicted group; thus, administration of PPI should be considered carefully, taking under consideration all benefits and all potential side effects.

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