scholarly journals Application of the Ecology of Human Performance in Cardiac Occupational Therapy: A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-188
Author(s):  
Zeinab Fathipour-Azar ◽  
◽  
Mahnaz Hejazi-Shirmard ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Occupational Performance ◽  
Methodological Rigor ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
The Relationship

The theories of occupational therapy always emphasize on the relationship between a person, his or her context, and occupations or tasks. Based on these theories, proper occupational performance results from appropriate interaction between these components. There is little evidence on the clinical practice of this theory in cardiac rehabilitation. So, this study aimed to investigate the implication of the Ecology of Human Performance (EHP) in a 50 years old man with cardiovascular disease. The participant was assessed and treated at home by an occupational therapist based on EHP principles. Results indicated that the intervention based on EHP was associated with improved performance and satisfaction of performance as well as independence in the activities of daily living. So, occupational therapists can use EHP to provide client-centered interventions and improve the occupational performance of clients with cardiovascular diseases. However, further studies with more methodological rigor are needed on this topic.

scholarly journals Desempenho ocupacional de mulheres em situação de rua / Occupacional performance of homeless women

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-108
Author(s):  
Thayane de Cácia Brito Prudente ◽  
Rayssa Béder César Paiva ◽  
Daniela Tavares Gontijo
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Homeless Persons ◽  
Homeless Women ◽  
Occupational Performance ◽  
Structured Interviews

Introdução: A população em situação de rua caracteriza-se predominantemente pela falta de moradia regular, condição de pobreza extrema e vínculos rompidos ou fragilizados. No entanto, a vida na rua e o acesso aos serviços socioassistenciais tendem a não se configurar da mesma forma para homens e mulheres. Considerando a perspectiva do desempenho ocupacional, os terapeutas ocupacionais se preocupam com os fatores que influenciam o envolvimento dos sujeitos em ocupações. Objetivo: compreender o desempenho ocupacional de mulheres em situação de rua. Métodos: Estudo de abordagem qualitativa, com base na História Oral de Vida. A coleta de dados foi realizada em dois serviços socioassistenciais do Recife que atendem pessoas em situação de rua.  Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas semiestruturadas e submetidos à Análise de Conteúdo Temática. Resultados/discussão: Foram entrevistadas 8 mulheres com idades entre 20 a 39 anos. A análise resultou em três categorias temáticas: Desempenho Ocupacional na infância, Ida para rua e Desempenho Ocupacional na rua. As categorias forma dividias em: Atividades de Vida Diária (AVDs), Atividades Instrumentais de Vida Diária (AIVDs), Trabalho, Lazer e Participação Social. Observou-se que as mulheres em situação de rua vivenciam um processo de privação ocupacional pela situação de desfiliação em que vivem, com repercussão negativa na qualidade de vida. Conclusão: Neste estudo pode-se observar a dificuldade das mulheres em realizar todas as ocupações, justificando a intervenção da Terapia Ocupacional para favorecer o empoderamento pessoal, a ressignificação do cotidiano e exercício da cidadania.  AbstractIntroduction: The population in street situation is predominantly characterized by a lack of regular housing, an extreme poverty and  weakened or broken bonds. However, street living and access to social assistance services tend not to be configured in the same way for men and women. Considering the perspective of occupational performance, occupational therapists are concerned with factors that influence the subjects' engagement in occupations. Objective: To understand the occupational performance of women who are homeless. Method: A qualitative study based on the Oral Story of Life. The data collection was performed in two social assistance services in the city of Recife that receive people who live on streets. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and submitted to the Thematic Content Analysis. Results/Discussion: Eight women aged 20 to 39 years were interviewed. The analysis resulted in three thematic categories: Occupational Performance in childhood, Going to the streets and Occupational Performance in the streets. The categories were divided into Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs), Work, Leisure and Social Participation. It was observed that homeless women experience a process of occupational deprivation with negative repercussions on the quality of life due to the situation of disaffiliation in which they live. Conclusion: In this study it is possible to observe the women's difficulty to perform all the occupations, justifying the intervention of the Occupational Therapy to favor the personal empowerment, the resignification of the daily life and the exercise of the citizenship.Keywords: Homeless persons, Autobiography, Gender identity, Women, social Vulnerability, Occupational therapy.

scholarly journals OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY FOR CHILDREN WITH FEEDING DIFFICULTIES AND PICKY EATING HABITS – A CASE STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Sobia Haroon
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Occupational Performance ◽  
Feeding Difficulties ◽  
Healthy Eating Habits

Feeding and eating are basic activities of daily living (B/ADL) thus it is one of the major occupation domain of occupational therapy. The role of an occupational therapist at this domain is to evaluate occupational performance and develop feeding skills that includes sensory-motor, fine motor, oral motor and processing skills. Moreover behavior pattern, habit and routine along with contextual factors during the mealtimes that facilitate feeding mechanism. Picky and fussy eating is also called choosy eating which is most common form of feeding difficulties [2] among both typically developed and delayed milestone children. The aim of case study is to promote the effectiveness of occupational therapy in picky eater children who have attained developmental milestones within typical ranges but healthy eating habits are not developed. The occupational performance of the 5 year old picky eater child was monitored through ABLLS-Assessment of Basic Language and Learning Skill. Feeding issues of the child were affecting her physical and behavioral health eventually leading to struggle in functions for BADL- basic activities of daily living and social participation. It is observed that continuous occupational therapy session with individualized intervention plan, inculcate healthy eating habits and improve results at ABBLS.

scholarly journals Perspectivas sobre o uso da análise da atividade na Terapia Ocupacional: um estudo com preceptores / Perspectives on the use of activity analysis in Occupational Therapy: a study with preceptors

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 933-949
Author(s):  
Jean Felix ◽  
Ana Carollyne Dantas de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Activity Analysis ◽  
Individualize Care ◽  
Practice Method ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health Field

As atividades, bem como sua análise, são ferramentas importantes para o terapeuta ocupacional. Tomando-as como instrumento, o profissional poderá favorecer ações para a experimentação, ensinar novas maneiras de fazer, estabelecer um elo entre o falar e o fazer, além de auxiliar na significação do que é e foi vivido pelo indivíduo. Objetivo: apresentar a percepção dos terapeutas ocupacionais quanto ao uso da análise da atividade na sua prática e a relação com o local de atuação. Método: Estudo quantitativo exploratório e descritivo, realizado através de questionário em meio eletrônico entre julho e agosto de 2018. Os dados coletados foram analisados através de frequência simples e categorias das falas dos participantes. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 13 preceptores, na maioria mulheres, atuantes no campo da saúde. Todos os participantes relataram utilizar a análise da atividade com ou sem roteiro específico. A maioria utilizou a análise da atividade para planejamento da intervenção e individualização do atendimento. Os participantes também ressaltaram a importância da análise da atividade e sua influência no serviço de atuação. Conclusão: Para os terapeutas ocupacionais avaliados, a análise da atividade tem importância na sua prática profissional e seu uso tem relação ou influência nos serviços que atuam. Não houve uma única maneira de conceber e utilizar a análise da atividade, mas sim diferentes formas de enxergar e de proceder. Ressalta-se que neste estudo todos os participantes atuavam no campo da saúde, desta forma, os dados aqui apresentados podem ser reflexo deste campo de atuação.Palavras-chave: Terapia Ocupacional; Atividades; Atividades cotidianas; Preceptoria. ABSTRACT: Activities, as well as their analysis, are important tools for the occupational therapist. Taking them as an instrument, the professional can favor actions for experimentation, teach new ways of doing, establish a link between speaking and doing, in addition to helping in the meaning of what is and was experienced by the individual. Objective: to present the perception of occupational therapists regarding the use of activity analysis in their practice and the relationship with the place of practice. Method: Quantitative exploratory and descriptive study, carried out through a questionnaire in electronic media between July and August 2018. The data collected were analyzed through simple frequency and categories of the participants' statements. Results: The sample consisted of 13 preceptors, mostly women, working in the health field. All participants reported using the activity analysis with or without a specific script. Most used the activity analysis to plan the intervention and individualize care. Participants also stressed the importance of analyzing the activity and its influence on the service. Conclusion: For the occupational therapists evaluated, the analysis of the activity is important in their professional practice and its use has a relationship or influence on the services they work on. There was no single way to conceive and use the analysis of activity, but different ways of seeing and proceeding. It is noteworthy that in this study all participants worked in the field of health, thus, the data presented here may reflect this field of action.Keywords: occupational therapy; activities; activities of daily living; preceptorship. RESUMEN: Las actividades, así como su análisis, son herramientas importantes para el terapeuta ocupacional. Tomándolos como instrumento, el profesional puede favorecer acciones de experimentación, enseñar nuevas formas de hacer, establecer un vínculo entre hablar y hacer, además de ayudar en el significado de lo que es y fue experimentado por el individuo. Objetivo: presentar la percepción de los terapeutas ocupacionales sobre el uso del análisis de actividad en su práctica y la relación con el lugar de práctica. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo, realizado a través de un cuestionario electrónico entre julio y agosto de 2018. Los datos recolectados fueron analizados mediante frecuencia simple y categorías de declaraciones de los participantes. Resultados: La muestra estuvo conformada por 13 preceptoras, en su mayoría mujeres, que trabajan en el campo de la salud. Todos los participantes informaron haber utilizado el análisis de actividad con o sin un guión específico. La mayoría utilizó el análisis de actividad para planificar la intervención e individualizar la atención. Los participantes también destacaron la importancia de analizar la actividad y su influência en el servicio. Conclusión: Para los terapeutas ocupacionales evaluados, el análisis de la actividad es importante en su práctica profesional y su uso tiene relación o influencia en los servicios en los que trabajan. No había una única forma de concebir y utilizar el análisis de la actividad, sino diferentes formas de ver y de proceder. Es de destacar que en este estudio todos los participantes trabajaron en el campo de la salud, por lo que los datos aquí presentados pueden reflejar este campo de acción.Palabrasclave: terapia ocupacional; actividades; actividades diarias; preceptoría.

Considering Spirituality in Occupational Therapy Practice

1994 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Egan ◽  
M. Denise Delaat
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Occupational Performance ◽  
Exact Role ◽  
Therapy Guidelines

Despite its prominent place in the Occupational Therapy Guidelines for client-centred practice, the exact role of spirituality in clinical practice has been difficult to delineate. In this paper current concepts of spirituality are outlined and ways in which these concepts have been applied in health care are described. To illustrate these spiritual concepts, the experiences of individuals whom the authors have met in their clinical practice are outlined in a series of vignettes. Finally, a revision of the model of occupational performance which enhances consideration of spirituality in occupational therapy practice is proposed, and some guidelines for occupational therapists wishing to incorporate spiritual concerns in therapy are suggested.

Limitations on Participation and Their Relation to Social Determinants of Health Among Occupational Therapists and Occupational Therapy Students During Coronavirus Lockdown

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Menéndez Álvarez ◽  
Emiliano Diez Villoria ◽  
Estíbaliz Jimenez Arberas ◽  
Ana María Castaño Pérez ◽  
Antonio León García Izquierdo
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Occupational Therapy Students ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Importance: For the first time in recent history, people worldwide have faced severe restrictions in occupations because of the measures adopted by governments to contain the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis. Objective: To determine the limitations on participation of occupational therapists and occupational therapy students during “lockdown” and their impact on social determinants of health. Design: A cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted via an online survey. Participants: A total of 488 occupational therapists and occupational therapy students in North America, South America, and Europe. Outcomes and Measures: A questionnaire consisting of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health and items developed to assess the impact of lockdown on daily life was emailed to occupational therapy professional associations, organizations, and universities between April and June 2020. It was available in English, Spanish, and Portuguese and met all the parameters listed in the Declaration of Helsinki. Results: The roles and routines of people across the developed world have been affected by lockdown measures. The study shows marked differences between participants in the domains of getting along and life activities, as well as influence on the environment. Moreover, South American participants experienced these difficulties to a greater extent than European participants. Conclusions and Relevance: This study quantifies the limitations in the participation of occupational therapists and occupational therapy students and the relationship of occupation to social determinants of health. What This Article Adds: The results of this research corroborate the relationship between health and occupation and highlight elements, such as the environment and context, that are important in occupational therapy. Therapists’ ability to analyze occupation in relation to contextual and cultural factors will benefit clients.

The Relationship between Engagement in Occupations and Pressure Sore Development in Saudi Men with Paraplegia

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Cutajar ◽  
Anne Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Pressure Sore ◽  
Pressure Sores ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Occupational Activities ◽  
The Individual

Various research studies have explored the factors that predispose people with spinal cord injuries to pressure sore development. Two hundred risk factors have been associated with pressure sore occurrence. One of the variables commonly reported to affect pressure sore occurrence is a decreased level of activity (Vidal and Sarrias 1991, Fuhrer et al 1993). This concurs with the philosophy of occupational therapy that a reduction in activity can generate pathology (Miller et al 1988). This research study investigated whether decreased participation in occupational activities (work, leisure and activities of daily living) was related to pressure sore occurrence in paraplegic men. The sample was selected randomly from the occupational therapy discharge files of a rehabilitation facility in Saudi Arabia. The data were collected by means of a telephone questionnaire from a total of 58 men, over a 3-month period. The study showed that there was a large increase in unemployment in paraplegic men following injury (from 10% to 59%) and, as might be expected, manual workers were more vulnerable than office workers. The study found no significant association between pressure sore occurrence and whether or not the individual was employed. However, it showed a statistically significant association between unemployment and pressure sores severe enough to lead to hospitalisation. The study also found a statistically significant association between individuals' independence in activities of daily living and the number of pressure sores that they had reported in the last 2 years. These findings indicate the potential importance of clients remaining occupationally active for their wellbeing and the significant contribution that occupational therapists can make by enabling rehabilitation of occupational activities.

Including the Consumer and Environment in Occupational Therapy Treatment Planning

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catana Brown ◽  
Robin E. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Practice Models ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Interest Section ◽  
Therapy Treatment ◽  
Selection Of

This study was designed to examine the extent to which occupational therapists include the consumer and the environment in treatment planning. Twenty-nine registered occupational therapists who subscribe to the Mental Health Specialty Interest Section or the Physical Disabilities Specialty Interest Section completed treatment plans based on a single case study. The treatment plans were analyzed based on goal setting and treatment activities. Data indicated therapists frequently identified goals not addressed by the consumer and demonstrated limited consideration of the context in the selection of treatment activities. Therapists identified as many short-term goals not related to the consumer's stated goal as they identified goals that were related to the consumer's goal. T-test comparisons indicated that therapists significantly more often selected simulated over real activities and activities aimed at changing the person over activities aimed at changing the environment. These preliminary results from a small, self-selected sample suggest that current occupational therapy treatment planning is not consistent with consumer-oriented practice models.

Enhancing Occupational Performance through Occupationally Embedded Exercise: A Meta-Analytic Review

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keh-Chung Lin ◽  
Ching-Yi Wu ◽  
Linda Tickle-Degnen ◽  
Wendy Coster
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Occupational Performance ◽  
Nelson Model ◽  
Theoretical Inquiry ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Occupation or purposeful activity is the unique historical root of occupational therapy and is thought to enhance health and prevent disability. Nelson's (1988) recent conceptual framework of occupation consolidates the beliefs of occupational therapy. One focus for empirical research and theoretical inquiry is the relationship between occupational form and occupational performance. This article critically analyzes this important part of the Nelson model and meta-analytically summarizes findings of the empirical studies that have examined this relationship. Results of the meta-analysis showed a substantial relationship of occupational form to occupational performance (weighted mean effect size r=0.50) in support of the proposition of the Nelson model that occupation can be analyzed in terms of the relationship between occupational form and occupational performance. The impact of potential moderators on the study findings is explored. Implications for occupational therapy theory and practice are discussed.

Values Influencing Clinical Reasoning in Occupational Therapy: An Exploratory Study

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine D. Fondiller ◽  
Lois J. Rosage ◽  
Barbara E. Neuhaus
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Clinical Reasoning ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Qualitative Research Methodology ◽  
Interview Format

This exploratory study used qualitative research methods to identify values that influence clinical reasoning in occupational therapy. Through an interview format, selected occupational therapists were asked to respond to a predetermined list of questions about a general case study. The interviews were tape-recorded and a content analysis of the tapes yielded 18 distinct value statements. Implications of the findings and recommendations for further studies are presented. Qualitative research methodology is examined for its utility in occupational therapy.

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